Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased mortality among burn victims?&#10;A)Greater total body surface (TBSA)involvement&#10;B)Women ages 30 to 55&#10;C)Significant smoke inhalation&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

None of the options listed (A, B, C) are incorrect causes of increased mortality among burn victims. Greater total body surface area involvement and significant smoke inhalation are well-documented factors that increase mortality in burn victims. The statement about women ages 30 to 55 is not specifically identified as a cause of increased mortality in the literature, making option D correct by stating that none of the provided options are incorrect causes.

Question 2

Which of the following factors plays a key role in determining the severity of injury in a fire victim?&#10;A)Preexisting health status of the victim&#10;B)Heat level of the inhaled gases&#10;C)Depth of skin burns&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above factors play a key role in determining the severity of injury in a fire victim. The preexisting health status of the victim can impact their ability to withstand injury and recover. The heat level of the inhaled gases can cause damage to the respiratory system and other internal organs. The depth of skin burns can impact the extent and severity of physical damage.

Question 3

About how many people die each year in the United States due to fire injuries?&#10;A)1,000&#10;B)4,000&#10;C)10,000&#10;D)15,000

Accepted Answer

Approximately 4,000 people die each year in the United States due to fire injuries. This figure includes deaths from burns and smoke inhalation.

Question 4

Most burn patients become colonized with which of these bacteria within a week of admission?&#10;A)Serratia marscescens&#10;B)Bacillus cereus&#10;C)Staphylococcus aureus&#10;D)Eikenella corrodens

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus is a common organism found in burn patients and is usually responsible for wound infections. Quick identification and treatment of this organism is crucial to prevent systemic infections.

Question 5

Which of the following is/are a potential mechanism for the ARDS that accompanies some burns?&#10;A)Surfactant dysfunction&#10;B)Increased capillary permeability&#10;C)Bacterial sepsis&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

ARDS that occurs with burns can be caused by surfactant dysfunction, increased capillary permeability, and bacterial sepsis. Therefore, all the above options are potential mechanisms for ARDS in this scenario.

Question 6

Which of the following is most indicative of inhalation injury with organ damage? A)Tachycardia B)PaO₂ = 38 mmHg C)Abnormal sensorium D)pH below 7.30

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is most indicative...

Question 7

Inhaled hydrogen cyanide (HCN)binds enzymes in what part of the cell?&#10;A)Nucleus&#10;B)Cytoplasm&#10;C)Membrane&#10;D)Mitochondria

Accepted Answer

Inhaled hydrogen cyanide (HCN) binds to cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme found in the mitochondria, which disrupts cellular respiration and ultimately causes cell death.

Question 8

The affinity of carbon monoxide (CO)for hemoglobin is how many times greater than the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin?&#10;A)100&#10;B)200&#10;C)350-400&#10;D)800

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide has approximately 200 times greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen, making it highly competitive and dangerous as it can displace oxygen in the blood.

Question 9

Thermal injury to the respiratory tract is frequently confined to which of these?&#10;A)Airways <1 mm in diameter&#10;B)Face,nasal,and oral cavities,as well as trachea&#10;C)Respiratory bronchioles,alveolar ducts and sacs,alveoli&#10;D)Larynx

Accepted Answer

Thermal injury to the respiratory tract typically affects the areas of the face, nasal and oral cavities, and trachea. These are the areas that come into direct contact with hot gases or flames. In contrast, the lower respiratory tract, including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli, are usually spared from thermal injury as they are typically shielded from the heat by the upper airway structures. The larynx may also be affected in some cases, but it is less frequently involved than the upper respiratory tract.

Question 10

Most burn injuries occur in what locale?&#10;A)The workplace&#10;B)Automotive accidents&#10;C)The home&#10;D)Wildfires

Accepted Answer

According to the American Burn Association, approximately 75% of all burn injuries occur in the home.

Question 11

Why should the pulse oximeter not be used to assess HbO₂ concentration in carbon monoxide poisoning? A)O₂ and CO have similar light-absorption spectra and thus give a falsely high value for HbO₂ B)Because of any methemoglobin that might be present C)Intravascular dyes for diagnostic purposes make the oximeter inaccurate D)Because CO prevents the oximeter from reading oxygen

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why should the pulse oximeter not be...

Question 12

Which of the following may account for the lack of the classic cherry-red skin color sign in victims of carbon monoxide poisoning?&#10;A)Hypoxia&#10;B)Hyperthermia&#10;C)Hypotension&#10;D)Albinism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following may account for...

Question 13

Your patient is more than 7 days post-burn.He develops tachypnea,increasing minute ventilation with marked decrease in the PaO₂/FIO₂ ratio and an increase in the P(a-ET)CO₂.What is the most likely cause?

A)Acute bronchitis
B)Pulmonary embolism
C)ARDS
D)Tracheitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient is more than 7 days...

Question 14

What accounts for reduced cardiac output in burn patients?&#10;A)Decreased circulating blood volume&#10;B)Sympathetic nervous system stimulation&#10;C)Kidney failure&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What accounts for reduced cardiac output in...

Question 15

Which of the following statements best explains why carbon monoxide poisoning has been called a "functional anemia"? A)Inhibition of O₂ release by CO leading to tissue hypoxia B)Generation of fewer red blood cells by CO suppression of bone marrow C)Proliferation of red blood cells with a lower hemoglobin content D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements best explains...

Question 16

Which of these findings are considered reliable indications of the degree of inhalation injury?&#10;A)Facial burns,including singed nasal hair&#10;B)Oral and laryngeal edema,along with carbonaceous deposits in the airway and sputum&#10;C)All are reliable indications&#10;D)None are reliable indications

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these findings are considered reliable...

Question 17

What is the expected level of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)in the blood of nonsmokers?&#10;A)<3%&#10;B)3-5%&#10;C)7-10%&#10;D)15%

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the expected level of carboxyhemoglobin...

Question 18

What poisonous gas is emitted when products made of nylon burn?&#10;A)Hydrogen sulfite&#10;B)Hydrogen cyanide&#10;C)Chlorine&#10;D)Sodium sulfate

Accepted Answer

The answer of What poisonous gas is emitted when products...

Question 19

A 40-year-old patient was found unconscious in a running vehicle parked in a garage.Burns to the neck appear to have come from the cigarette he had been smoking.Arterial blood gases are as follows: pH = 7.36
PaCO₂= 46
PaO₂ = 90
HCO₃ = 24
BE = 0
Regarding oxygen administration,which is the most appropriate device?

A)No oxygen necessary
B)Cannula at 6 L/min
C)Face tent with cool humidity at 40%
D)100% non-rebreathing mask at 10 L/min

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 40-year-old patient was found unconscious in...

Question 20

Delayed neuropsychological sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning include all of the following except:&#10;A)Movement disorders&#10;B)Cognitive deficits&#10;C)Arrhythmias&#10;D)Personality changes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Delayed neuropsychological sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning...

Question 21

What is the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)for the patient in a hyperbaric chamber breathing 100% oxygen at 3 atmospheres?&#10;A)20-30 minutes&#10;B)60-90 minutes&#10;C)100-150 minutes&#10;D)Depends on lung status of the victim

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)for...

Question 22

Which of the following is the method of choice for treating COHb levels of less than 30% with cardiovascular stability? A)Hyperbaric oxygen at 3 atm with 100% O₂ for 30-60 minutes B)Tight-fitting non-rebreathing mask at 15 L/min C)Answer A is optimal,but answer B is acceptable D)Low flow O₂ at 6 L/min

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the method...

Question 23

Which of the following is appropriate treatment to relieve the compressive effect of circumferential burns to the thorax?&#10;A)Silvadene applied topically&#10;B)Diuretics&#10;C)Escharatomy&#10;D)Closed chest drainage

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is appropriate treatment...

Question 24

Which of the following is advised for the prevention of infection in the burn patient?&#10;A)Wound covering&#10;B)Room pressurization&#10;C)Air filtration&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is advised for...

Deck 9: Smoke Inhalation Injury and Burns