Question 1

The tendency for participants to respond to an item on a questionnaire in a way that does not reflect the real situation is called a _____.&#10;A) response set bias&#10;B) probe&#10;C) semantic differential&#10;D) contingency question

Accepted Answer

The tendency described is known as response set bias, which is a type of response bias where participants answer questions in a consistent manner not reflective of their true beliefs or experiences. The other options, probe, semantic differential, and contingency question, do not describe this specific phenomenon.

Question 2

Which of the following is true concerning observations?&#10;A) It takes less time than self-report measures.&#10;B) It costs less money than self-report measures.&#10;C) It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behave the way they do.&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Observations can provide detailed information on how people behave in certain situations, but they often do not reveal the underlying reasons for these behaviors, making it difficult to determine exactly why people act the way they do.

Question 3

Qualitative observation is usually done for exploratory purposes; it is also referred to as:&#10;A) structures.&#10;B) naturalistic.&#10;C) complete.&#10;D) probed.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative observation is often done in a naturalistic setting, meaning it is conducted in the natural environment without any manipulation or control.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a method of data collection?&#10;A) questionnaires&#10;B) interviews&#10;C) experiments&#10;D) observations

Accepted Answer

Experiments are not a method of data collection, but rather a method of testing hypotheses or cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables and measuring their effects. The other options listed (questionnaires, interviews, and observations) are all common methods of collecting data in research.

Question 5

Both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires are used in research. Which of the following statements is true?&#10;A) Open-ended questions directly provide quantitative data.&#10;B) Closed-ended questions provide quantitative data.&#10;C) Open-ended questions provide qualitative data.&#10;D) Closed-ended questions directly provide qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions provide qualitative data, as they allow respondents to provide their own answers in their own words.

Question 6

Likert scales are sometimes referred to as:&#10;A) semantic differential scales&#10;B) visual analogue scales&#10;C) summative scales&#10;D) Guttman scales

Accepted Answer

Likert scales are often referred to as summative scales because they involve summing scores assigned to individual items to create a total score that represents a particular trait or attitude being measured.

Question 7

You wish to construct a tool that will measure a subject's perception of a concept using pairs of adjectives reflecting opposite feelings. A good choice would be:&#10;A) Guttman&#10;B) Likert&#10;C) Thurstone&#10;D) semantic differential

Accepted Answer

The semantic differential is the best choice for this tool because it uses pairs of adjectives reflecting opposite feelings to measure a subject's perception of a concept. This tool presents a series of bipolar adjectives, and the respondent selects where on the scale their opinion falls for each adjective.

Question 8

When data has been originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose, this is often referred to as:&#10;A) primary data.&#10;B) experimental data.&#10;C) field notes.&#10;D) secondary data.

Accepted Answer

Secondary data refers to information that has been previously collected by someone else for a different purpose. This data can be collected from a variety of sources, including government databases, research organizations, and published studies. In contrast, primary data refers to data that is collected directly by the researcher specifically for their own study or research purposes.

Question 9

An item that directs participants to different follow-up questions depending on their response is called a _____.&#10;A) response set bias&#10;B) probe&#10;C) semantic differential&#10;D) contingency question

Accepted Answer

A contingency question is used in a survey to direct respondents to different follow-up questions based on their previous answer. This helps in obtaining more detailed and accurate responses from the participants. Response set bias refers to the tendency of participants to answer all the questions in a survey in a similar manner. A probe is a follow-up question used to elicit more information or clarification from the respondents. Semantic differential is a type of rating scale used to measure the attitudes and perceptions of people towards a particular concept or object.

Question 10

A question during an interview such as, &#34;Why do you feel that way,&#34; is called a _____.&#10;A) response set bias&#10;B) probe&#10;C) semantic differential&#10;D) contingency question

Accepted Answer

A probe is a type of follow-up question used in interviews to gather more detailed information or to clarify a response given by the interviewee. It is usually used to explore a person's thoughts or feelings on a particular topic. The question "Why do you feel that way?" is an example of a probe.

Deck 9: Data Collection Methods