Question 1

All members of a population have an equal chance of being selected as subjects in a research project. This is called:&#10;A) randomization.&#10;B) random assignment.&#10;C) random sample.&#10;D) random quota.

Accepted Answer

Random sample refers to the process of selecting individuals from a population in a way that every member has an equal chance of being selected. This ensures that the sample is representative of the population, and any conclusions drawn from the research can be generalized to the population as a whole. Randomization and random assignment refer to different aspects of experimental design, while random quota is not a commonly used term in research methodology.

Question 2

Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly selecting a number between 1 and k, and including each kth element in your sample are steps for which type of sampling method?&#10;A) simple random&#10;B) stratified&#10;C) cluster&#10;D) systematic

Accepted Answer

This is the description of systematic sampling, where the sample is selected by using a fixed interval between choosing elements.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?&#10;A) snowball sampling&#10;B) convenience sampling&#10;C) purposive sampling&#10;D) All are forms of nonrandom sampling.

Accepted Answer

All of the options, including snowball sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling, are forms of nonrandom sampling.

Question 4

You put all the names of the students in a class into a jar, mix them up, and draw out names of your subject. Identify the appropriate sampling design.&#10;A) simple random sampling&#10;B) cluster sampling&#10;C) systematic sampling&#10;D) quota sampling

Accepted Answer

The sampling design used is simple random sampling because each name in the jar has an equal chance of being drawn out, and there is no predetermined order or grouping of the names.

Question 5

The selection of a sample for a research study affects the study's:&#10;A) replicability.&#10;B) interaction effects.&#10;C) internal validity.&#10;D) external validity.

Accepted Answer

The selection of a sample affects the study's external validity, which refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other settings, populations, and times.

Question 6

Which sampling method is the best way to select a group of subjects if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?&#10;A) convenience&#10;B) cluster&#10;C) random&#10;D) stratified

Accepted Answer

Random sampling is the best choice when making statements about the larger population because every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This reduces the risk of bias in the sample and allows for more generalizable results. Convenience sampling (A) relies on selecting subjects that are easily accessible, which can introduce bias. Cluster sampling (B) involves selecting subgroups within a population, which can also introduce bias if the clusters are not representative of the larger population. Stratified sampling (D) involves dividing the population into subgroups based on certain characteristics and then sampling within each subgroup. While this can be useful for ensuring representation of specific groups, it may not be necessary for making statements about the larger population.

Question 7

You decide to select a sample of 100 subjects of whom 10% will be African American, 10% Hispanic, and 80% white. Identify the appropriate sampling design.&#10;A) simple random sampling&#10;B) cluster sampling&#10;C) systematic sampling&#10;D) quota sampling

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling is the appropriate sampling design as the researcher already knows the desired proportions for each group in the sample. Quota sampling allows for the researcher to make sure they have the desired number of individuals from each group, and then a convenience sample can be used to select these individuals as long as the quota is met. Simple random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling would not be appropriate for this scenario as the researcher has specific quotas for each group and wants to ensure these quotas are met.

Question 8

The sampling error is usually _with _samples and _as the sample _____.&#10;A) smaller, larger, increases, decreases&#10;B) larger, larger, decreases, increases&#10;C) smaller, smaller, increases, decreases&#10;D) larger, larger, decreases, decreases

Accepted Answer

Sampling error is usually smaller with larger samples and decreases as the sample size increases.

Question 9

Individuals who are available and volunteer as subjects in a research study are used in the sampling method called:&#10;A) convenience.&#10;B) cluster.&#10;C) random.&#10;D) stratified.

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling involves using individuals who are readily available and willing to participate in the study. This method can be quick and easy, but there is a risk of bias as the sample may not be representative of the larger population.

Question 10

Which of the following techniques yield a simple random sample?&#10;A) choosing volunteers from an introductory nursing class to participate&#10;B) listing individuals by ethnic group and choosing a proportion from within each group at random&#10;C) numbering all elements of a sampling frame and using a random number table to pick individuals&#10;D) randomly selecting schools, and then sampling everyone within each school

Accepted Answer

Numbering all elements of a sampling frame and using a random number table to pick individuals yields a simple random sample because every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. The other techniques do not guarantee equal chance of selection for every individual.

Deck 7: Selecting the Sample and Setting