Deck 9: Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies

Question 1

Convergent validation suggests that the same measure of different things should yield different results.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The use of properly triangulated strategies can prove the validity of one's instrument.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Face validity asks, "Does the measuring instrument appear to be measuring that which I am attempting to measure?"

Answer 3

True

Question 4

If one's measure is reliable, then one can assume that it is valid.

Question 5

The greater the number of diverse, converging measures on a phenomenon the greater the confidence in the validity of the measure.

Question 6

The "mark?recapture technique" employs tagged or marked samples as a means of estimating the size of unknown populations.

Question 7

Although desirable, pretests of instruments are not really essential in research.

Question 8

The split half technique eliminates testing effects as well as some other factors of internal invalidity.

Question 9

The test?retest method is the most widely used means of establishing the reliability of attitude scales.

Question 10

The text takes the point of view that the validity of a scale can be proven.

Question 11

Construct validity involves skillful reasoning rather than measurement, since there may seldom exist any criterion against which the measure may be compared.

Question 12

The multiple forms method involves the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group.

Question 13

Triangulated strategies assume that the problem is not with respect to the inadequacy of any particular method, but that the method is used alone.

Question 14

Questions of validity and reliability are applicable to quantitative studies and are of less concern in qualitative studies.

Question 15

The split half technique was described in the text as a disguised test?retest method.

Question 16

Much professional prestige is attached to research involving replication in criminal justice.

Question 17

Criminal justice researchers agree that official statistics are a valid criterion with which to compare self?admission reports.

Question 18

Pragmatic validity is more of a logical, theoretical pro cedure rather than an empirical one.

Question 19

Concurrent validity concerns itself with whether the measure enhances the ability to gauge present characteristics.

Question 20

Reliability asks, "Does my measuring instrument in fact measure that which I am attempting to measure?"

Question 21

In the ADAM Program prisoners are forced to supply urine specimens in order to test for drug usage.

Question 22

The split?half technique is the most widely used measure of reliability.

Question 23

Nominal level data represent the simplest level of measure ment that a variable can assume.

Question 24

"Different measures should yield the same result" is a description of:

A) convergent validity
B) construct validity
C) discriminant validity
D) pragmatic validity

Question 25

Race, religion, or type of crime are examples of variables that lend themselves to ordinal level measurement.

Question 26

In the ADAM program the data is used only for research pur poses and anonymity is assured.

Question 27

In nominal level measurement the actual numbers assigned to categories have no mathematical meaning.

Question 28

Asking whether each element measures the concept in question describes:

A) face validity
B) pragmatic validity
C) content validity
D) discriminant validity

Question 29

The validity and reliability evaluation of self report surveys have included all but:

A) checks with official data
B) use or threat of polygraph
C) use of lie scales
D) ratio conversion checks

Question 30

Traditionally, little professional prestige has been attached to research involving replication in criminal justice.

Question 31

A type of validation procedure which concludes, "It appears as if I am measuring the phenomenon correctly," is a description of what type of validity?

A) face
B) content
C) construct
D) pragmatic

Question 32

"Using different methods to measure the same thing" is a description of:

A) convergent validity
B) construct validity
C) pragmatic validity
D) ex officio validity

Question 33

Which of the following is not a means of attempting to demonstrate scale reliability?

A) split half
B) multiple forms
C) indirect dimensions approach
D) test-retest

Question 34

In requiring arrestees to answer questions regarding drug usage the ADAM program is a potential violation of due process.

Question 35

If one's measure is valid, then one can assume that it is reliable.

Question 36

Concept validity is another name for:

A) convergent validity
B) construct validity
C) concurrent validity
D) conductive validity

Question 37

The ADAM program was a successor and replacement for the DUF Program.

Question 38

The test-retest procedure assures the validity of measurement.

Question 39

Which of the following was not indicated as a reason for the lack of validation in criminal justice studies?

A) little professional esteem in replication
B) design faults in original study
C) unfavorable climate
D) lack of usefulness of such studies

Question 40

"Does the measuring instrument measure that which I am attempting to measure?" describes:

A) face validity
B) concurrent validity
C) construct validity
D) convergent validity

Question 41

validity is concerned with whether each element or question measures the concept in question.

Question 42

validity asks whether the instrument in question does, in fact, measure what it has been designated to measure.

Question 43

validity asks, "Does the measuring instrument appear, at face value, to be measuring what I am attempting to measure?"

Question 44

The type of validity that asks, "Does it work?" is called:

A) face
B) pragmatic
C) endemic
D) construct

Question 45

The primary means of validation in the DUF program is:

A) reverse record checks
B) known group studies
C) polygraphs
D) urine tests

Question 46

Variables such as sex, race, and religion would be considered:

A) nominal variables
B) ordinal variables
C) interval variables
D) ratio variables

Question 47

is concerned with the stability and consistency of measurement.

Question 48

Epstein used the term, "phantom army of addicts," to refer to:

A) "Narco Traficantes" in Latin America
B) the dark figure of crime
C) a "statistical epidemic" of addicts created by the Bureau of Narcotics
D) self reports of addicts

Question 49

The fit between theoretical and operational definitions of terms is:

A) construct validity
B) concurrent validity
C) convergent validity
D) charismatic validity

Question 50

The ranking of cities with respect to crime would be an example of which type of scale?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 51

The stable and consistent replication of findings under repeated measurement is called:

A) construct validity
B) reliability
C) unidimensionality
D) factor analysis

Question 52

The actual numerical value assigned to nominal level variables:

A) are statistically meaningful
B) merely denote classifications
C) demonstrate internal validity
D) prevent interdigitation

Question 53

Triangulation is another name for:

A) convergent validity
B) construct validity
C) pragmatic validity
D) concurrent validity

Question 54

are preliminary studies conducted with a few subjects to test the instrument and uncover any obvious problems before administering it to the study population.

Question 55

The Drug Use Forecasting Program:

A) surveys prisoners regarding drug use
B) surveys arrestees regarding drug use
C) uses prediction tables to foretell future drug use
D) surveys users of methadone clinics

Question 56

validity asks whether the measuring instrument works in predicting present characteristics.

Question 57

validity refers to the accuracy of an instrument in forecasting future events.

Question 58

asks the question, "Does my measuring instrument in fact measure what it claims to measure?"

Question 59

The administration of one test at one time to one group and intercorrelation of odd with even items is called:

A) test?retest
B) multiple forms
C) split?half
D) wishbone

Question 60

is the use of multiple methods to measure the same phenomenon.

Question 61

Discuss the various ways of determining validity.Give some examples of how one might go about doing this.

Question 62

is a type of reliability in which only one test is administered to one group at one time and the halves intercorrelated.

Question 63

is a type of reliability in which alternate forms of the instrument are administered to the same group.

Question 64

What is triangulation? Give an example of how one might go about performing a study employing a triangulated strategy.

Question 65

What is the importance of being concerned about issues of validity and reliability in criminal justice research? What are some reasons for the lack of validation studies in criminal justice?

Question 66

Discuss the principal features of the ADAM program.What is its major benefit to criminal justice research?

Question 67

Discuss the three primary methods of attempting to demonstrate reliability.

Question 68

The Program is sponsored by NIJ and is a successor to the DUF program.It asks volunteer arrestees to report drug and alcohol usage as well as provide urine specimens for validation purposes.