Deck 9: Aquatic Exercise

Question 1

If present,which of the following conditions is a contraindication to having a patient perform an exercise program in an aquatic environment?

A) Tracheotomy
B) Fear of water
C) Influenza
D) High blood pressure

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The difficulty of exercises can be controlled with the depth of immersion and the body's physiological response to hydrostatic pressure.According to Barbosa and colleagues,which of the following best describes a proper progression of a patient's exercise program in order to increase physiological demands?

A) Land exercises to aquatic chest depth to hip depth
B) Aquatic hip depth to neck depth to land exercises
C) Alternate land exercises with aquatic chest depth exercises
D) Aquatic chest depth to hip depth to land exercises

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Your patient had a total hip replacement several weeks ago.Now that her incision is well healed,she has clearance from her orthopedic surgeon to begin an aquatic exercise program to improve lower extremity strength.Which combination of the following patient positions and velocities of limb movement in water is the most appropriate to begin to improve the strength of the hip abductors/adductors at the initiation of the aquatic exercise program?

A) Fast repetitions while standing in chest-deep water
B) Slow,controlled motions while standing in chest-deep water
C) Fast repetitions,buoyancy-supported in a supine position
D) Slow,controlled repetitions buoyancy-supported in supine position

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Decreasing the amount of weight bearing by immersing more of a person's body in water is a result of what property of water?

A) Viscosity
B) Buoyancy
C) Surface tension
D) Hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

Which of the following is true of pools used for aquatic therapy?

A) Ventilation is not necessary for installation of a self-contained,individual pool in your clinic.
B) Therapeutic pools should not have a depth that exceeds 6 feet because of safety requirements in case of a medical emergency.
C) One disadvantage of a self-contained individual pool is the inability to incorporate a treadmill.
D) Built-in filtration systems are available in both therapeutic pools and self-contained pools.

Question 6

In an aquatic environment,manual resistance exercises of the extremities typically involve which type of muscle contractions?

A) Eccentric,closed-chain (distal segment fixed)
B) Concentric,closed-chain (distal segment fixed)
C) Isometric
D) Concentric,open-chain (distal segment moving)

Question 7

The ability of the body to regulate temperature must be considered with the prescription of aquatic therapy for both the healthy and the rehabilitating patient.All of the following are true of temperature regulation except:

A) The body is not as efficient at dissipating heat in the water as it is on land.
B) Patients are unable to maintain adequate core warmth at water temperatures below 25°C.
C) The ambient air temperature should be equal to the water temperature to avoid overheating or chilling while in the pool area.
D) Water temperatures above 37°C cause increased cardiac demand both at rest and while exercising,especially with prolonged time or deep immersion.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the most effective patient position and use of the buoyancy of water for self-stretching the hamstrings?

A) In a buoyancy-supported supine position (flotation devices around the neck and hips),perform a unilateral straight-leg raise,lifting the leg to be stretched out of the water.
B) With a buoyancy device secured around the distal thigh of the leg to be stretched,stand on the opposite leg and hold on to the side of the pool for balance.Keep the knee relaxed as the buoyancy device lifts the thigh and flexes the hip.
C) Sit on the steps of a pool in waist-deep water,hips flexed to 90 ^$\circ$ ,with a buoyancy device secured around the ankle of the leg to be stretched.
D) With a buoyancy device secured around the ankle of the leg to be stretched,stand on the opposite leg and hold on to the side of the pool for balance.Allow the buoyancy device to lift the leg to the surface of the water with the knee extended.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding the temperature range of water (26 ^$\circ$ -33 ^$\circ$ C)recommended for aquatic exercise?

A) Perform cardiovascular exercise at the low end of this range.
B) Patients with multiple sclerosis should exercise in temperatures at the high end of this range.
C) Perform intense aerobic exercise at the high end of this range.
D) If a patient has an acute,painful injury,perform exercise at the low end of this range.

Question 10

When a person is standing in chest-deep water,the percentage of weight bearing is approximately what percentage of body weight?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 33%
D) 50%

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding aquatic therapy equipment?

A) Buoyancy equipment placed anteriorly will facilitate posterior movements of the trunk in the vertical position.
B) Buoyancy equipment used for supine positioning is ideal to assist with stabilization needed for eccentric manual resistance exercises.
C) Nonbuoyant equipment used underwater provides resistance opposite the direction of movement.
D) Using equipment to increase the surface area of an extremity underwater decreases resistance.

Question 12

If a patient has lower extremity edema,which of the following principles associated with hydrotherapy (an aquatic environment)will assist with decreasing the edema?

A) Viscosity
B) Buoyancy
C) Surface tension
D) Hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

While playing tennis,Mr.K sustained a grade 3 tear of the Achilles tendon and subsequently underwent a surgical repair of the tendon.His wound is now well healed,and he is permitted to immerse the incision site in water.His goal for therapy is to return to tennis competitively.To challenge his balance on the involved lower extremity,you have him stand in front of a strong,single stream of water (jet)while trying not to use his arms for balance.This activity applies which hydromechanics property of water?

A) Drag
B) Viscosity
C) Laminar flow
D) Turbulent flow

Question 14

After a musculoskeletal injury of the lower extremity,you develop an aquatic exercise program for your patient.An aquatic exercise program is the least effective for:

A) Transfer of training to land-based functional activities.
B) Reducing risk of reinjury during the early stage of rehabilitation.
C) Enabling early weight bearing.
D) Increasing ROM.

Question 15

Meyer and Leblanc provided an algorithm for clinical decision making for aquatic therapy intervention for patients with stable congestive heart failure and/or left ventricular dysfunction.All of the following are true in this algorithm except:

A) Patients with decompensated congestive heart failure should participate in aquatic exercise for cardiac rehabilitation.
B) Patients with left ventricular dysfunction should not rely on how they feel in the water as an indicator of tolerance for aquatic exercise.
C) Patients with congestive heart failure who tolerate sleeping supine may be able to tolerate a half-sitting position if immersion is not above the xiphoid process.
D) Patients with Q-wave myocardial infarcts should wait 6 weeks and exercise upright in a water level that does not exceed the xiphoid process.