Deck 8: Relationships

Question 1

Which is the LEAST accurate description of relational aggression?

A) It can be verbal (such as calling someone a name)or nonverbal (such as rolling one's eyes).
B) It can be done in secret,behind a target's back,or without the target's knowledge.
C) It can closely resemble bullying behavior.
D) It is frequently used by less popular girls to try to improve their social positions.

Answer 1

It is frequently used by less popular girls to try to improve their social positions.

Question 2

Which of the following is the LEAST accurate description of same-gender and cross-gender friendships?

A) Most people have similar numbers of same-gender friends and cross-gender friends.
B) Most people have more same-gender friends than cross-gender friends.
C) People who identify as heterosexual commonly are physically attracted to a cross-gender friend.
D) Many people who identify as heterosexual maintain cross-gender friendships without sexual activity.

Answer 2

Most people have similar numbers of same-gender friends and cross-gender friends.

Question 3

Compared to men,women tend to have _____ friendship networks and to feel _______ to their friends.

A) smaller;less close
B) larger;closer
C) smaller;closer
D) larger;less close

Answer 3

smaller;closer

Question 4

Barb is known as the "school slut;" it's rumored that she had sex with the entire swim team.Barb is MOST likely to experience which of the following?

A) improved school performance because she will shift focus to academics rather than socializing
B) impaired school performance because teachers will develop biases toward Barb due to these rumors
C) psychological distress such as depression,anxiety,and low self-esteem
D) psychological resilience if she receives sufficient amounts of instrumental social support

Question 5

Which person is most likely to have a friendship with someone from a different racial/ethnic group?

A) Liu,a Chinese high school student
B) Lauryn,a Black middle school student
C) Lola,a White high school student
D) Lisa,a White middle school student

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a reason why friendships are often harder to make and maintain as we age?

A) Over time,many people move to new locations and away from friendship networks.
B) Obligations for work reduce one's availability for friendships.
C) Obligations to partners and children reduce one's availability for friendships.
D) As we age,friendships become less important and no longer affect well-being.

Question 7

Valuing romantic relationships is a central part of

A) gender.
B) femininity.
C) masculinity.
D) sexual identity.

Question 8

Adeline,a popular middle schooler,is both admired and feared because she mocks and insults less popular girls.Over time,because she acts like "a mean girl," Adele is likely to have _____ friends _____ peer acceptance.

A) few;and low
B) many;but low
C) few;but high
D) many;and high

Question 9

The term "__________________" refers to the feeling of being cared for and assisted by others.

A) tend-and-befriend
B) social support
C) active constructive responding
D) co-rumination

Question 10

Relational aggression MOST often involves acts such as

A) physically harming dating partners.
B) damaging others' relationships and/or reputations.
C) arguing about how to manage connection and independence in friendships.
D) arguing about whether or not to maintain a monogamous relationship.

Question 11

Which of the following responses to a friend who was just promoted at work best illustrates active constructive responding?

A) "It must be nice to be appreciated at work;I wouldn't know what that's like."
B) "Tell me how you'll manage new responsibilities at work given everything else you have to do."
C) "Tell me everything,leave nothing out,and then let's go celebrate."
D) "It's nice to hear good news;thanks for letting me know."

Question 12

Which of the following individuals is offering informational social support?

A) Ally,who gives her niece advice about how to find the best college for her interests
B) Amy,who lends her cousin a truck when her cousin is moving to a new apartment
C) Aja,who offers sympathy to her friend after the friend is rejected from law school
D) Ashanthi,who gives gifts to show appreciation to her children's teachers

Question 13

Sarita,who identifies as heterosexual,uses online messaging to collaborate on a school project with Simone,who identifies as queer.Which is MOST likely to be the result of their online interactions?

A) Sarita and Simone will become romantically involved.
B) Sarita will develop a romantic interest in Simone,but Simone will not reciprocate this interest.
C) Sarita will develop more positive attitudes about people who identify as sexual minorities.
D) Simone will develop more negative attitudes about people who identify as heterosexual.

Question 14

Which of the following pairs of friends best illustrates co-rumination?

A) Esther and Ethel,who can't stop talking about how much fun they'll have on their summer trip.
B) Yolanda and Gracie,who discuss every detail from every episode of their favorite TV show.
C) LaToya and Keisha,who continuously discuss Keisha's concerns about infertility.
D) Nancy and Sydney,who are so close that they rarely invite any other friends to spend time with them.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a core romantic belief that is commonly held in the United States?

A) Each person has one true romantic love.
B) Love can happen at first sight.
C) The best love develops from friendship.
D) Love allows couples to transcend obstacles.

Question 16

Lupe,a Latinx teen,has many friendships but no romantic partner.She is likely to also have

A) poor grades because of the time she spends socializing.
B) good grades because she feels a sense of belonging at school.
C) moderate self-esteem because the benefits of having many friends are reduced by her lack of partner.
D) low self-esteem because all Latinx girls need a boyfriend to validate their femininity.

Question 17

Mary-Lou Galician used the acronym ___ to refer to media-perpetuated stereotypes about romance.

A) COMPULSORY
B) INSTRUCTION
C) PROTOTYPES
D) PRESCRIPTION

Question 18

Which of the following individuals seems to be experiencing identity-based bullying?

A) Zoe,an immigrant,is mocked by friends for wearing secondhand clothes.
B) Amelia,a trans student,is taunted by classmates as the "teacher's pet" in English class.
C) Brie,a lesbian teenager,is accused of being too ugly to attract a man.
D) Eva,a teenager with cancer,is befriended by people hoping to go with her on a Make a Wish trip.

Question 19

Why is social support important for older women?

A) As women age,they are more likely to feel lonely.
B) As women age,they are more likely to lose important relationships through illness and death.
C) As women age,they may cope with stressors by nurturing others and developing social networks.
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following women living in the United States is MOST likely to hold unrealistic beliefs about relationships?

A) Jan,a South African dressmaker,who reads American novels extensively to improve her English
B) Kim,a college student and native of southern Georgia,who watches game shows with her mom
C) Lea,a surfing instructor in California,who obsessively watches soap operas
D) May,an Irish born housekeeper,who reads historical nonfiction about women's lives

Question 21

Compared to those who aren't married,married individuals tend to

A) earn more money.
B) have better mental health.
C) live longer.
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following couples is most likely to have an expensive wedding?

A) Sam and Pam,both successful lawyers,who are partners who own their own law firm
B) Jim,who is a construction worker,and Tim,who is a hair stylist
C) Dora,who is a massage therapist,and Laura,who is a distinguished university professor
D) Mary,who plans to be a homemaker,and Larry,who works in real estate

Question 23

Which of the following statements about dating scripts involving a man and woman is the LEAST accurate?

A) In contemporary times,most people expect that the woman and the man are equally likely to drive to,plan,and pay for the date.
B) In contemporary times,most people expect that the man is more likely than the woman to drive to,plan,and pay for the date.
C) Dating scripts have significantly changed over the past ten years.
D) Dating scripts have not significantly changed over the past twenty years.

Question 24

Which of the following reflects our beliefs about what should happen and how people should act on a date?

A) mate attraction behaviors
B) mate retention behaviors
C) dating scripts
D) hookup scripts

Question 25

Bailey is looking for a hookup partner during a weekend vacation at the beach.Who is Bailey most likely to desire?

A) Hayden,who is intelligent and successful at work
B) Harper,who is married but looking for a short-term fling
C) Kendall,who is physically attractive
D) Kieran,who is fun and loves to dance

Question 26

Weddings in the United States are often

A) religious.
B) expensive.
C) traditional.
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 27

Which specific research finding BEST supports sexual strategies theory?

A) Men prefer women who are younger than themselves;women prefer men slightly older.
B) Women and men looking for a long-term partner tend to value intelligence,honesty,and similarity to the self.
C) Women and men looking for a short-term sexual relationship tend to value physical attractiveness.
D) Black women and men value how much a potential partner may foster upward social mobility.

Question 28

The benefits of a healthy marriage almost always include

A) having a stable source of social support from one's partner.
B) being married to someone who knows what you're thinking without having to tell them.
C) living with someone who will share the housework 50-50.
D) being married to someone who shares all of your same expectations about marriage and life.

Question 29

Which of the following is a benefit of online dating compared to traditional dating?

A) People dating online can meet a wider range of potentially available partners.
B) People dating online can converse before deciding to meet face-to-face.
C) People dating online have access to platforms that often help match people who are likely to be compatible.
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 30

Mate retention behaviors are BEST described as

A) behaviors that reflect jealousy about a partner's lack of sexual fidelity.
B) behaviors that reflect deep attachment and commitment to a romantic partner.
C) acts that communicate an interest in future marriage and a shared life together.
D) acts that discourage the possibility of one's partner having sex with someone else.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mate retention behavior?

A) tracking a partner's whereabouts to know her location
B) asking a partner to avoid wearing tight or revealing clothes
C) asking a partner to wear a ring to show that she is unavailable to other potential partners
D) telling a partner that she has never looked more beautiful

Question 32

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement about the current state of marriage in the United States?

A) About 70% of women will marry at least once in their lives.
B) As women have gained more earning power,the age of first marriage has increased for women while the age for men has remained constant.
C) Over half of first marriages end in divorce.
D) Women tend to be younger than the men they marry.

Question 33

Which of the following assertions is MOST accurate?

A) Hooking up is currently more common than dating among young adults.
B) Hookup scripts are more common for young women than dating scripts.
C) Traditional dating scripts may benefit women with limited access to money or transportation.
D) People who hold more traditional dating scripts have less hostile sexist attitudes about women.

Question 34

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the sexual strategies theory?

A) Women and men approach relationships differently because different approaches lead to successful reproductive outcomes for each.
B) Women and men approach romantic relationships in the same way but sexual relationships in different ways in order to maximize their reproductive potential.
C) Whether or not individuals use different sexual strategies primarily depends on whether they live in a country with more egalitarian norms.
D) Women tend to seek out financially successful men as sexual partners because women have less earning potential than men.

Question 35

Among women pursuing degrees in higher education,more intelligent women showed _____ interest in a potential partner who ______.

A) greater;is physically attractive
B) less;is physically attractive
C) greater;has greater wealth and status
D) less;has greater wealth and status

Question 36

What have researchers concluded about the predictions made based on sexual strategies theory?

A) Across time and place,men want young,beautiful women and women want socially powerful,wealthy men.
B) Educated people want socially powerful,wealthy partners;less educated people want young and attractive partners.
C) Although women and men may differ in how much they focus on a potential partner's social status and attractiveness,both types of qualities tend to be valued by both.
D) Although women and men are similar in terms of wanting a partner with high social status,only men value partner physical attractiveness.

Question 37

A _____ script is NOT a dating script as described in the text regarding lesbian relationships.

A) romance
B) friendship
C) proposal
D) sexually explicit

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a myth of marriage,as described by Parrott and Parrott (2015)?

A) My spouse is my other half;s/he makes me complete.
B) The problems in our relationship will disappear after we get married.
C) The problems in our relationship will disappear after we get pregnant.
D) The positive aspects of our relationship will be enhanced just by being married.

Question 39

Which woman is likely to report the MOST dissatisfaction with her own romantic relationship?

A) Nancy,who is an avid reader of women's magazines
B) Opal,who is a fan of science fiction films
C) Padma,a trivia buff who loves game shows
D) Quinn,who is a fan of melodramatic serialized TV shows

Question 40

Which of the following is an accurate description of marriage worldwide?

A) Men tend to be older than women they marry in developed countries,but not in developing countries.
B) Men tend to be older than women they marry in developing countries,but not in developed countries.
C) The age difference between women and men who marry is fully explained by the high rates of arranged marriages in some countries pairing older men and younger women.
D) Across the world,men tend to be older than women they marry.

Question 41

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of how child care is divided among heterosexual couples?

A) Most research consistently suggests that women do four times the child-care work than men.
B) When both women and men work outside the home,they spend the same amount of non-work time parenting.
C) On non-work days,fathers spend about half of their time on leisure activities.
D) Women and men spend the same amount of time parenting when children are under age 6.

Question 42

For most heterosexual couples who share a home,which of the following task is a woman more likely than a man to manage?

A) ensuring that each family member gets regular medical checkups
B) coordinating with other relatives about how the family will celebrate the holidays
C) making sure that the children write thank you notes after they receive gifts
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 43

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of a polyamorous (poly)relationship?

A) Only people who are heterosexual have poly relationships.
B) Only highly traditional men have poly relationships.
C) Only religious people have poly relationships.
D) Only people who are honest about having multiple partners are in poly relationships.

Question 44

Research on heterosexual couples who live together suggests that,most often,when both work outside the home,

A) both partners share the household chores evenly.
B) women who earn more than their husbands also do more housework.
C) women and men split chores more evenly after they are also parenting children.
D) men and women share the routine tasks evenly,but not the intermittent tasks.

Question 45

Common reasons for divorce described in the text include all of the following EXCEPT

A) growing apart.
B) poor communication.
C) unemployment.
D) stress from infertility.

Question 46

How is the principle of least interest related to gender and relationships?

A) Women in heterosexual marriages are more likely than men to seek divorce because they are less interested in having to expend energy on a relationship.
B) Women are socialized to care about relationships and are expected by others to care about relationships,both of which reduce women's relational power.
C) Discrepancies between partners in terms of interest in the relationship are related to greater satisfaction in the relationship for women but not men.
D) Discrepancies between partners in terms of interest in the relationship are related to greater satisfaction in the relationship for men but not women.

Question 47

Which of the following is the BEST explanation as to why women may experience negative outcomes after divorce?

A) After divorce,most women experience considerable financial decline.
B) After divorce,most women experience stress related health problems.
C) After divorce,most women believe that they have new opportunities for growth,but this is a myth.
D) After divorce,most women are often devalued as incompetent in the workplace.

Question 48

Women are expected to do relational labor to benefit their spouses,such as making spouses feel better after a hard day.This type of labor is MOST similar to the concept of

A) routine labor.
B) low-control labor.
C) emotion work.
D) intermittent labor.

Question 49

A man who has multiple wives could accurately be described as

A) polygamous.
B) polyamorous.
C) consensually nonmonogamous.
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT an institutionalized benefit of marriage?

A) tax benefits
B) medical insurance for spouses
C) status as next of kin in health-care settings
D) better social support from same-gender friends

Question 51

Which is NOT a factor that specifically promotes a person's relational power in a romantic relationship?

A) being less emotionally invested than one's partner
B) having less earning potential
C) being biologically related to children
D) having more years of formal education

Question 52

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies a polyamorous relationship?

A) Emilye,a married lesbian woman,is secretly having an affair with a coworker.
B) Mark,a married heterosexual man,occasionally has extramarital sex while his wife is deployed overseas.
C) Kat,a heterosexual woman,is openly sexually involved with two of her friends,Guy and Pete.
D) Justin,a pansexual man,has a sexual relationship with his boyfriend,but when his boyfriend goes on work trips,Justin secretly enjoys sex with men he meets online.

Question 53

Which of the following theories suggests that the person who brings more resources to the relationship gets to use those resources in order to avoid doing household labor?

A) relative resources theory
B) gender deviance neutralization
C) investment theory
D) time availability

Question 54

Which of the following is the BEST description of "the principle of least interest"?

A) People who have low mortgage rates and pay less interest have less stress in their marriages,leading to better relationship satisfaction.
B) People who are less interested in learning how relationships work are less likely to want to attend couples counseling.
C) Those who are less powerful in society have less power in relationships because they are less interested in pleasing those with less social power.
D) The person in a couple who is less emotionally invested in maintaining the relationship has more relationship power.

Question 55

Which specific type of household chore do researchers find that most wives wish their husbands would do more often to promote a more equitable household?

A) helping to wash dishes
B) helping to check the children's math homework
C) planning the children's summer activities
D) taking out the trash

Question 56

Which of the following refers to the completion of household labor while also working outside the home?

A) routine labor
B) low-control labor
C) the second shift
D) emotion work

Question 57

Based on research on risk for divorce,which of the following newly married pairs is MOST at risk for divorcing?

A) Ilaria,who is 22-years-old,and Isaac who is 24-years-old;both of whom are White
B) Lisa,who is 30-years-old,and Li-Wei,who is 33-years-old;both whom are Chinese-American
C) Angelique,who is 24-years-old,and Alexander,who is 30-years-old;both of whom are Black
D) Jessica,who is 25-years-old and White,and Jonah,who is 27-years-old and Native American

Question 58

Pat lives with his spouse and two children.Pat is responsible for the yard work,taking out the trash,and clearing out the gutters.Which term BEST describes Pat's contributions to the household?

A) routine labor
B) low control labor
C) intermittent labor
D) second shift

Question 59

During which years did researchers find the most equitable amount of time spent by married women and men on housework?

A) 1965-1966
B) 1998-1999
C) 2003-2004
D) 2009-2010

Question 60

The invisible work that women most often do that involves organizing and planning the household is BEST known as

A) routine labor.
B) low control labor.
C) intermittent labor.
D) mental load.

Question 61

In committed heterosexual partnerships,women tend to complete a disproportionate amount of domestic labor.Compare and contrast at least two different theories or theoretical concepts that can be used to explain why this occurs.In addition,relate each of these theories to sociocultural expectations about gender and domestic labor that affect how this labor typically is managed.

Question 62

Which of the following theories explaining inequity in household division of labor is MOST directly incompatible with relative resources theory?

A) gender deviance neutralization
B) sexual strategies theory
C) investment theory
D) time availability

Question 63

A public high school administrator is proposing that all free periods and extracurricular activities be cut.The administrator is arguing that time and resources are being wasted on social activities and that social activities do not directly benefit students.Briefly outline at least two research-based arguments about the benefits of social relationships that might be used to counter this proposal.

Question 64

In a 1984 paper,Carol Smart recommended that the practice of marriage be abandoned because it is based on a broken patriarchal system of expectations.Describe how marriage in the United States has changed over the past several decades while arguing against Smart's recommendation as applicable to modern times.

Question 65

Kendra and Jared are happily married,and Kendra is pregnant.Both work full time at non-profit organizations and both feel strongly committed to the missions of the companies where they work as well as to their careers.Kendra tells Jared that she watched her own mother do basically all of the work around the house when she was young,and she wants a more egalitarian relationship for herself and for her child to observe.
Based on the research on gender and division of household labor,provide Jared at least three pieces of advice to help him maintain marital harmony along with a specific rationale for each recommendation offered.

Question 66

Which is NOT a reason why women tend to do more housework than men?

A) Routine chores are seen as part of the feminine role,even among lesbian couples.
B) Because daughters are asked to do more chores than sons from an early age,by adulthood,women tend to be more competent and experienced than men.
C) Compared to men,women enjoy housework more and have higher standards for cleanliness.
D) Compared to men,women have fewer interests and hobbies outside of the home.

Question 67

Under what conditions will a feminist woman who works outside of the home be most likely to experience marital dissatisfaction related to the division of labor in her primary romantic relationship?

A) when she perceives that she does more than her fair share
B) when she makes a higher income
C) when she has a higher level of education
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 68

Explain at least two specific ways in which the sociocultural context fosters the use of relational aggression by girls and women.In addition,describe how relational aggression harms individuals as well as girls and women as a social group.

Question 69

In a classic fairy tale,Cinderella,an emotionally and financially impoverished adolescent,is forbidden to attend a royal party.However,she secretly attends with the help of a fairy godmother who lends her a dress and shoes until midnight.At the ball,Cinderella is so beautiful that the politically powerful and wealthy prince instantly falls in love with her,even before they speak.He asks her to dance,but then as the time nears midnight,she runs away,leaving a shoe behind.The prince searches for the woman whose foot fits into the shoe.Although many women are likely to share the same size foot,this plan nonetheless works.When he finds Cinderella,he sweeps her away to live with him in his castle.At the end of the story,Cinderella's empty life has been transformed and she has everything she ever wanted.
Identify at least three specific myths about romance from this classic story.

Question 70

George and Amal are married lawyers who moved to their current city when George was offered a prestigious partnership.Although Amal is also employed full time by the same firm,she's in a lower paying junior level position.Based on the available information,which of the following BEST describes why Amal does more housework than George?

A) relative resources theory
B) gender deviance neutralization
C) investment theory
D) time availability

Question 71

Which of the following tends to be most often true about households in which women earn more than their male spouses?

A) The men do more housework than the women.
B) The men do more child care but not more household chores.
C) The women do more household chores but not more child care.
D) The women do more housework,or they pay someone else to do it.

Question 72

Jen,who is 45-years-old,recently lost her spouse of 18 years.She's been a stay-at-home mom since her 12-year-old daughter was born but will now need to return to the workforce.List and describe specific examples of at least three different types of social support that community members might offer Jen to help her adjust to becoming a widow and single mother.

Question 73

Which of the following has NOT been shown to promote women's tolerance for managing most of the domestic labor in a household?

A) seeing that other working women also do more housework than their partners
B) receiving gratitude and appreciation by others in the household
C) living in a country in which women spend fewer hours in the workforce
D) being involved in a romantic relationship with a younger man

Question 74

Jalisa works part time in a high status,high paying job and spends each afternoon with her kids when they come home from school.Her husband,Brad,works full time as a freelance artist and makes very little money;he only reads to the kids at bedtime.Based on the available information,which theory or concept seems to BEST describe why Jalisa does more childcare than Brad?

A) relative resources theory
B) social exchange theory
C) investment theory
D) time availability

Question 75

How does the national sociocultural context affect the gender division of labor in heterosexual couples?

A) In impoverished countries,women do less housework because they spend more time in paid employment.
B) In impoverished countries,men do more housework because substandard housing requires more maintenance.
C) In more egalitarian countries,women do less housework overall.
D) In countries that prohibit women from strenuous or dangerous jobs,women also do less housework at home.

Question 76

During a debate in class,Tabitha insists that online dating has led to better quality experiences with dating and more satisfying and long-lasting committed partnerships.In contrast,Teagan argues that using the Internet for dating creates new problems and barriers to relationship success.Write a paragraph that Teagan could use to win the debate by describing the available research that supports her position while also acknowledging at least two specific benefits to online dating.

Question 77

Which of the following refers to the tendency for women who earn more than their male partners to also do more than their fair share of household labor?

A) relative resources theory
B) gender deviance neutralization
C) investment theory
D) time availability