Question 1

Joanna has a type-A personality.Which of the following traits are descriptive of her personality?&#10;A)Competitive and driven&#10;B)Negative and distressed&#10;C)Relaxed and easygoing&#10;D)Obsessive and neat

Accepted Answer

Type-A personalities are characterized by being competitive and driven, often striving for success and demonstrating a sense of urgency in their actions.

Question 2

Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint.This is an example of _____.&#10;A)problem-focused coping&#10;B)emotion-focused coping&#10;C)avoidance&#10;D)reappraisal

Accepted Answer

Learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety is an example of emotion-focused coping, where Edgar is focusing on managing his emotional distress rather than directly addressing the problem of being robbed at knifepoint.

Question 3

Amanda signed up with the army right after she graduated from high school.She was soon sent to Iraq.During her two years in Iraq,she witnessed many gruesome catastrophes.Upon returning home,she felt detached and estranged from her old friends,was easily startled,and had difficulties sleeping due to the vivid memories of the horrific events.Amanda displays the symptoms of

A)flashbacks.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)anxiety.
D)depression.

posttraumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

Amanda's symptoms, including detachment, startle response, and difficulties sleeping due to vivid memories of traumatic events, are indicative of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks can be a symptom of PTSD, but Amanda's other symptoms align more closely with the full disorder. Anxiety and depression can also be associated with PTSD, but B is the most accurate overall answer.

Question 4

Melissa's mother was recently diagnosed with leukemia.As a result,Melissa is now required to take care of all of her mother's personal needs and manage her financial affairs.Melissa is already a full-time student,and is also the primary caregiver for her son.However,Melissa has an attitude that things could be worse.She is confident that she will get through this crisis.Thus,she is displaying

A)self-enhancement.
B)rumination.
C)hardiness.
D)self-confidence.

Accepted Answer

Melissa's attitude of being confident in getting through the crisis despite facing multiple responsibilities and challenges displays hardiness, which is a personality trait that involves resilience, sense of control, and optimistic attitude in the face of stress and adversity. Self-enhancement, rumination, and self-confidence may also be present, but hardiness is the most appropriate description in this scenario.

Question 5

The prevailing explanation for the relationship between stress and illness has been that increased levels of stress result in a decrease in the immune system's ability to protect the body from illness.On the other hand,it is possible that people who are experiencing stress engage in more health-damaging behaviors,this leads us to a greater likelihood of illness.This different explanation of the relationship demonstrates the importance of

A)falsifiability.
B)ruling out rival hypotheses.
C)replicability.
D)extraordinary claims.

Accepted Answer

Ruling out rival hypotheses is the best choice as it addresses the alternative explanation that people under stress engage in health-damaging behaviors that could lead to illness, which is a possible rival hypothesis to the prevailing explanation that stress weakens the immune system. By ruling out this rival hypothesis, we can get a more accurate understanding of the relationship between stress and illness.

Question 6

_____ is the mental shortcut we use to judge the likelihood of an event and the ease with which it comes to mind.&#10;A)Representativeness heuristic&#10;B)Availability heuristic&#10;C)Automatic process&#10;D)Rumination

Accepted Answer

The description provided in the question refers to the availability heuristic, which is a mental shortcut that relies on the ease with which examples come to mind. It is a cognitive bias where people rely heavily on the most recent, easily available information to make decisions or judgments. The representativeness heuristic, on the other hand, is a mental shortcut that relies on the similarity of an event to a prototype, while automatic process refers to mental processes that occur automatically and without conscious effort. Rumination involves dwelling on negative thoughts and experiences.

Question 7

Research has consistently shown that having a good _____ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.&#10;A)friendship&#10;B)camaraderie&#10;C)therapist&#10;D)social support system

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that having a good social support system, including supportive family members, friends, and colleagues, is crucial for individuals to cope with stressors effectively. Social support can help individuals to feel less alone and more understood, provide practical and emotional assistance, and offer guidance and advice. It can also help to boost self-esteem and confidence, which are important for effective coping. While friendships and camaraderie can be beneficial, a social support system is a broader concept that encompasses these relationships as well as others. While therapy can also be helpful in coping with stress, it is not always necessary or accessible for everyone.

Question 8

Research has found that the body's immune system can attack your own body parts,leading to all but which of the following conditions?&#10;A)Arthritis&#10;B)AIDS&#10;C)Multiple sclerosis&#10;D)Diabetes

Accepted Answer

Diabetes is not an autoimmune disease.

Question 9

Which of the following has been shown to be an outcome of using meditation?&#10;A)Increased blood pressure&#10;B)Increased blood flow to the brain&#10;C)Decrease in blood glucose levels&#10;D)Decreases in nightmares and night terror episodes

Accepted Answer

Meditation has been shown to increase blood flow to the brain, which can enhance cognitive function and promote relaxation.

Question 10

Which of the stage of the general adaptation syndrome is most indicated by activation of the fight-or-flight system?&#10;A)Alarm&#10;B)Resistance&#10;C)Rumination&#10;D)Exhaustion

Accepted Answer

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body experiences a burst of activity as it activates the fight-or-flight response to deal with the stressor. This includes the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and heightened awareness and readiness to respond to the threat.

Deck 12: Stress, Coping, and Health