Deck 1: A Feminist Psychology of Women

Question 1

Liberal feminism primarily focuses on

A) the inherent differences between women and men,while also focusing on the strengths of women in society.
B) the similarities between women and men and the role of governmental intervention in rectifying gender inequalities.
C) the separate spheres occupied by women and men,and the importance of maintaining these.
D) eliminating the "second shift" faced by women and recognizing the inequality found in the unequal division of labor between the sexes.

Answer 1

the similarities between women and men and the role of governmental intervention in rectifying gender inequalities.

Question 2

In terms of its values and overall perspective,feminist psychology is

A) individual and non-interdisciplinary.
B) objective and value-neutral.
C) explicit and transparent.
D) unnecessary and dated.

Answer 2

explicit and transparent.

Question 3

Emma Watson's 2014 #heforshe campaign addressed underlying social issues around gender by asking men to consider which of the following?

A) how gender stereotypes are harmful for both men and women
B) the positive aspects of toxic masculinity
C) that some boys and men are not ready to redefine masculinity and gender roles
D) how to create a more female-positive presence on social media sites,such as Twitter

Answer 3

how gender stereotypes are harmful for both men and women

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT pertain to an aspect of feminism (including the first wave to the emerging fourth wave)?

A) In the United States,most people hold liberal feminist attitudes even if they don't identify as feminists.
B) Womanism and women of color feminism addressed the needs of women of color,including racism,that were neglected by mainstream White,middle-class,heterosexual feminists.
C) Feminists are not concerned with the return to mainstream ideals of feminine attractiveness and "raunch" culture that has been embraced by younger feminists.
D) Socialist feminists are concerned with the increased cost of living for women,including the "pink tax" that refers to more expensive products that are marketed to girls and women.

Question 5

Radical feminists advocate for

A) equality for women and men by working side by side.
B) separatism.
C) non-separatism.
D) recognition of gender inequality in a limited number of everyday interactions and social structures.

Question 6

It is contested as to whether this is a legitimate "wave" of feminism,but it is marked by the use of social media campaigns such as the Me Too movement,the Women's March on Washington,and the legalization of same-sex marriage by the Supreme Court decision United States v.Windsor.These events are noteworthy features of which wave of feminism?

A) the first wave
B) the second wave
C) the third wave
D) the fourth wave

Question 7

Psychology of women is most accurately described as a subfield of psychology that focuses

A) explicitly on the tenets of feminism.
B) on the lives of girls and women,with the inclusion of political and social movements.
C) on biological determinism and the differences between women and men.
D) on the downturn faced by female adolescents as they become more susceptible to eating disorders and social stereotypes.

Question 8

The term _____ refers to the idea that no woman is just a woman.She also has a variety of other social identities and locations including,but not limited to,age,ethnicity,sexual orientation,ability status,class,etc.These identities are interconnected and cannot be looked at separately.

A) multiculturalism
B) stratification
C) structural inequality
D) intersectionality

Question 9

The following events are noteworthy features of which wave of feminism: The Seneca Falls Convention,the emphasis on women gaining the right to vote,and Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?" address,which critiqued how Black women were not protected with basic human rights,including freedom from physical and emotional pain and abuse?

A) the first wave
B) the second wave
C) the third wave
D) the fourth wave

Question 10

Which of the following describes structural inequalities?

A) The stratification within organizations,institutions,and governments that maintain unequal access to education,employment,family,and other opportunities.
B) The innate biological differences that promote inequality between women and men.
C) The micro differences between the sexes.
D) The lack of differences between the social experiences of men and women.

Question 11

Feminism,according to bell hooks,is described as

A) a womanist/women of color approach to feminism.
B) being accessible to everyone.
C) unnecessary after the third and fourth wave of feminism.
D) a movement to end sexism,sexist exploitation,and oppression.

Question 12

Which of the following describes a study grounded in principles of feminist psychology?

A) A qualitative study on conditions as girls and women reach different points in the lifespan.
B) A quantitative study on workplace conditions and industrial/organizational dynamics.
C) A quantitative study on men,body image,and sports culture.
D) A qualitative study focused on cultural and social factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders and culturally appropriate interventions.

Question 13

Which of the following accurately describes patriarchy?

A) Patriarchy is the idea that men automatically hold positions of power and authority,and it is socialized to be viewed as natural and inevitable.
B) Patriarchy refers to female power and authority,and the passing of lineage and cultural traditions from one female to another.
C) Patriarchy refers to women's equality and possession of power and authority.
D) Patriarchy is the idea that women hold dominance and authority over men,despite male power in all areas of structural institutions.

Question 14

This chapter notes that the well-being of girls and women is still at risk in part because

A) societal bias and sexism are blatant and direct,making them easier to identify.
B) employers may still ask female job applicants questions about marital status,and women aren't allowed to file sexual harassment lawsuits.
C) women are compensated with high-profile recognition and financial bonuses for every hour they work.
D) women are often asked to do non-paid labor or menial tasks such as organizing meetings,serving as note-taker,and planning office parties unlike their male peers.

Question 15

Patricia has cerebral palsy,a type of physical disability.She is more likely to face degradation due to her economic and social realities,including poverty,lack of access to accessible housing,and a lack of opportunities in the workplace despite educational attainment.She is also more likely to be physically or sexually mistreated by a partner.This scenario is an example of

A) systemic racism.
B) oppression.
C) the personal is political.
D) the half-changed world.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of the problematic nature of the term "empowerment" as applied to the lives of girls and women?

A) Empowerment tends to focus on the individual accomplishments of women in male dominated spheres without examining substantial and larger socio-cultural change.
B) Female empowerment often focuses on ways of selling products and brands (e.g. ,the Spice Girls proclaiming "girl power" by achieving fame,wearing fashionable clothing,doing their nails,and maintaining stereotypical ideals of women's body shape,size,and appearance).
C) Empowerment can be used to focus on large-scale change and examine accomplishments within and among diverse groups of women.
D) Empowertising generates a strong response that feels empowering,but doesn't offer any actual solutions for achieving empowerment.

Question 17

Within the LGBTQ population,who is the most vulnerable to murder,hate crimes,police violence,discrimination,threats,and intimidation?

A) lesbians of color
B) gay men of color
C) transgender women of color
D) bisexual women of color

Question 18

According to Orenstein's (2000)concept of the "half-changed world," it is important to do which of the following?

A) accept all strides toward gender equality without question
B) consider the progress that has already been made within feminism and the psychology of women
C) examine who benefits from feminist gains and if these gains actually provide equality
D) consider that the world will never be perfect and accept that equality is impossible for all women to achieve

Question 19

Which of the following statistics are NOT true?
A.Women are the fastest growing group who are incarcerated and are more likely to be mothers,women of color,poor,and survivors of violence.
B.Sixty-one percent of murder victims in the LGBTQ population are transgender women of color.
C.The prevalence of eating disorders has been increasing since the 1950s.
D.Women would rather be described as fat than mean or stupid.
E.In the United States,women receive 50% of pay in comparison to men,and are likely to have their wages increase across occupations as they age and become less vulnerable to poverty.

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) Both D and E

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the Redstockings protest of the 1968 and 1969 Miss America pageants?

A) It involved feminists setting their bras and other artifacts of oppression on fire.
B) It was a symbolic protest of items of oppression including bras,cosmetics,and high heels.
C) It correctly identified the characteristics associated with separatist,lesbian feminism.
D) It eliminated oppressive aspects of the pageant through a sit-in.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of queer feminism?

A) The belief that cisgender identity is a social construct.
B) The belief that sex,gender,and sexual orientation are not always aligned in a predictable way.
C) A critique of heteronormativity.
D) A disregard of gender as performance.

Question 22

The defining feature of post-feminism is the idea that

A) gender inequality has been solved and feminism is no longer needed.
B) post-modernism has helped eliminate sexism and gender inequality.
C) recognizing intersectionality is more important than feminism because of its emphasis on multiple aspects of oppression.
D) the women's movement has not yet reached its goals,so feminism is still needed.

Question 23

Susan Fauldi (1992)coined the term _____ to explain how negative stereotypes occur in response to women making social gains.

A) post-feminism
B) modern misogyny
C) backlash
D) radicalism

Question 24

Which feminist theorist coined the idea "gender as performance," and what does this idea mean in everyday life?

A) Adrienne Rich;heterosexuality is compulsory
B) Judith Butler;gender is something we do rather than who we are
C) Betty Friedan;the feminine mystique
D) Carolyn Enns;there are categories of feminism as applied to different groups

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding the application of feminist theory?

A) Feminist theory provides an explanation for gender inequality and oppression.
B) Feminist theory is part of consciousness raising,which links knowledge with activism.
C) Feminist theory provides women with a language to talk about their experiences and understand the structural components of structural/sociopolitical oppression.
D) Feminist perspectives provide theory but not practice;they do little to help provide solutions for gender inequalities in everyday life.

Question 26

Gender essentialism is the belief that

A) gender is the most important factor in the oppression of girls and women.
B) women and men are fundamentally different because of unchanging factors related to biology and genetics.
C) feminists should promote businesses related to "inherent" feminine characteristics.
D) women and men are fundamentally the same despite differences in biology and genetics.

Question 27

Androcentric thinking refers to _____ ways of thinking.

A) androgynous
B) female-centered
C) male-centered
D) gender-neutral

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE about post-colonial/transnational feminism?

A) It emphasizes globalism and shrinking gender differences around the world.
B) It stems from the legacy of colonialism and resulting inequalities from Western rule and devaluation of all other cultures as inferior when compared to the West.
C) It includes the belief that feminists from around the world can make choices for others cross-culturally without immersion in that culture.
D) It results from ethnocentrism and the belief that certain forms of dress are oppressive to all women without attention to individual circumstances.

Question 29

Which of the following accurately describes the myth of meritocracy?

A) The notion of pulling oneself up by her or his bootstraps due to equal access within capitalist society.
B) The idea that the "second shift" means women are equally compensated both monetarily and socially.
C) The idea that wealth is accumulated by merit;class,gender,race,and other factors have no bearing on the accumulation of wealth in society.
D) The notion that wealth is equally accessible with or without a college education,and that women are the primary workers and men are the primary caretakers.

Question 30

Cultural feminism is a perspective that focuses on the

A) commonalities between women and men,and the cultural emphasis on differences between genders.
B) differences between women and men,and the devaluation of perspectives,qualities,and experiences of girls and women.
C) cultural construction of gender norms and ways to rectify equality.
D) relativism of gender according to geography and moments in history.

Question 31

Alix is a biological female who doesn't identify as female or male,and uses the pronoun "they." Alix's girlfriend completely supports their identity,and they challenge binary classifications together.Which feminist perspective best describes Alix's experience?

A) women of color feminism
B) radical feminism
C) socialist feminism
D) queer feminism

Question 32

Compulsory heterosexuality means that

A) heterosexuality is considered normal,natural,and a learned form of sexual preference or sexual orientation.
B) there are other options of sexual orientation rather than heterosexuality and homosexuality.
C) people can choose their sexual orientation despite social learning and cultural messaging valuing heterosexuality over other forms of sexuality.
D) bisexuality,pansexuality,and other non-binary forms of sexual orientation are valued above heterosexuality,especially for people who identify as women.

Question 33

Alice Walker (1983)coined the identity label ______ that stems from the experiences of Black women and other women of color,and which encompasses feminism but doesn't prioritize sexism over other forms of oppression.

A) pro-feminist
B) womanist
C) post-feminist
D) mujerista

Question 34

Heteronormativity refers to the

A) fact that heterosexuality is dominant and automatic.
B) lack of emphasis placed on compulsory heterosexuality.
C) assumption that all people are heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex)and that sex characteristics are binary (either female or male).
D) assumption that people are on a continuum of sexual orientation and that people may vary in terms of biological sex,sexual orientation,and emotional attraction to people of the same or opposite sex.

Question 35

Which of the following best describes lesbian feminism?

A) An offshoot of radical feminism that focuses on sexuality and reproduction as powerful forms of oppression.
B) Something that can be chosen in order to maintain separate spheres from men.
C) A form of sexual orientation that dictates identification with a specific branch of feminism and feminist thinking.
D) An outdated term that refers to second wave feminists only.

Question 36

Why do feminists reject the concept of post-feminism?

A) Feminists believe gender inequality has been solved.
B) Women who self-label as feminists are aware that gender inequalities still exist.
C) Post-feminists recognize that stereotypes are not disseminated in order to stigmatize women who address aspects of sexism in daily life.
D) Post-feminism shows how gender inequalities impact the psychological development of girls and women and how addressing inequality improves the lives of all genders.

Question 37

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to

A) judge groups from outside one's own social group membership.
B) participate in social activism,including joining groups such as Black Lives Matter.
C) judge other groups from the values and lenses of one's own group membership.
D) consider cultural relativism when evaluating situations and moral dilemmas.

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE about third world feminism?

A) It argues for an interconnected view of feminism that values cross-cultural differences and does not defer to more powerful countries,such as the Western world or the United States,without lived experience and knowledge of feminism within the culture.
B) It examines how race and gender have multiple impacts on oppression in areas other than the first world.
C) It searches for internal economic and structural solutions to social problems,such as gender inequality.
D) It fails to criticize liberal feminism and its ethnocentric viewpoint,such as the White savior complex.

Question 39

Socialist feminism emphasizes the link between _____ and _____.

A) patriarchy;government
B) gender oppression;capitalism
C) democracy;gender-based social entitlements
D) social oppression;"pink" taxes

Question 40

Tamika,a college student attending an HBC (historically Black college),identifies her experiences of oppression as strongly correlated to both racism and gender;racism plays a dominant and intersecting role in her experiences of gender.Because of these factors,Tamika would probably identity most with which form of feminism?

A) mujerismo
B) womanism
C) cultural feminism
D) radical feminism

Question 41

When reading any psychological study and considering a researcher's decisions,it is important to do which of the following?

A) regard the researcher as an expert in her field and refrain from questioning her unintended biases and motivations
B) read the study with a degree of caution by recognizing that no method is completely neutral or objective
C) critique every aspect of the research and reject the findings if the researcher shows any shred of bias
D) consider quantitative studies as the only legitimate forms of research because of statistical significance and the appropriate revision of research design

Question 42

All of the following are true about Latinx feminists (mujeristas)EXCEPT

A) women of color feminists,including Latinx feminists,tend to have higher self-esteem.
B) mujeristas are critical of the marginalization of women of color by White feminists.
C) mujeristas take an intersectional approach in their feminism.
D) mujeristas act toward the decolonization of all people.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a research and statistical concept to keep in mind when conducting psychological research?

A) How variables are defined and measured.
B) The titles of studies rarely indicate when participants are exclusively White or male,and generalizability is often falsely applied.
C) Female university students are rarely a source of convenience samples for many researchers.
D) Sampling bias is a challenge within the field of psychology of women.

Question 44

All of the following factors contributed to the formation of the psychology of women in the mid-twentieth century EXCEPT

A) The 1963 publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique,which critiqued Freud and the psychological profession as having some responsibility for women's oppression.
B) Weisstein's (1968-1992)revelation of the second-class status of women and the influence of discrimination in psychological studies.
C) The establishment of ethical guidelines,following feminist prompting,which prohibited sexual contact between therapists and clients.
D) The lack of development of college courses taught by and textbooks written by feminist psychologists.

Question 45

Feminist epistemologies are particularly important in the psychology of women and feminist psychology because they

A) establish that knowledge is progressive and cumulative,and that it relies on objectivity,neutrality,and rationality.
B) ignore that scientists bring their own perspectives and viewpoints to the subjects they study and to the results they compose and publish.
C) encourage researchers to be cognizant of their own biases and influences,and they determine how this will impact research on the lives of marginalized groups,girls,and women.
D) ignore the cultural component of research,and they only publish studies that ignore the production and sharing of gender-based research.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a question proposed by psychologist Elizabeth Cole (2009)that researchers should ask when considering intersectionality?

A) What role does inequality play in power differences that shape behaviors and experiences?
B) Are predominately White,middle-class women adequately represented in a university study?
C) Who is included within this category of participants?
D) Where are the similarities and shared experiences or concerns among people from different social groups?

Question 47

Which feminist researcher criticized Freud's concept of penis envy,and called on his inability to consider a women's perspective and a more woman-centered approach?

A) Rhoda Unger
B) Karen Horney
C) Michelle Fine
D) Carol Gilligan

Question 48

All of the following influenced the 1954 Brown v.Board of Education decision EXCEPT

A) A study conducted by Dr.Mamie Phipps Clark and her husband Dr.Kenneth Clark demonstrating the effects of internalized racism.
B) The "doll study," which showed Black children preferred White dolls over Black dolls and that they made associations with the White doll as the "nice doll" and the "best doll."
C) The conclusion that segregation was contributing to the negative self-concept of children of color.
D) Dr.Kenneth Clark's single-authored "doll study," which showed children of color favored dolls that looked like them.

Question 49

The blanket term LGBTQ is considered problematic and controversial by some feminist researchers.Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a reason for this bias?

A) All sexual minorities are placed within a single category,ignoring individual differences.
B) Sexual orientation and gender identity are lumped into the same category when sexual minorities and non-binary genders may not consider themselves part of the same group.
C) People within the LGBTQ classification are not directly placed in opposition with heterosexuals.
D) Bisexuals share a uniform experience and should not be included within this acronym.

Question 50

In 2012 and 2013,misperceptions of feminism were highlighted in two different Tumblr campaigns.Although some participants argued that feminism was necessary,while others disagreed,both groups highlighted varying viewpoints surrounding current feminist viewpoints.Which of the following was NOT a statement mentioned in the text as a representative comment of both campaigns?

A) "I need feminism because I refuse to be victimized by social,cultural,and political misogyny.I am not a victim,I am a survivor."
B) "I don't need feminism because I am not a delusional,disgusting,hypocritical man-hater.I respect men and they respect me."
C) "I need feminism because I don't view equality as a radical concept."
D) "I don't need feminism because women exaggerate sexism and gender inequality."

Question 51

Explain the "waves" of feminism and identify one watershed event that occurred during each wave.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT true regarding different approaches to feminist labeling and the performance of feminism?

A) Many boys and men prefer the label pro-feminist and express interest in working with girls and women for social change and action.
B) When male feminists report incidents of sexism,they are more likely to be believed.
C) Researchers found that Black feminists place a high value on wearing feminine clothing,but White feminists do not.
D) Many White feminists agreed with Michelle Obama's emphasis on being Mom-in-Chief and on occupying roles in traditionally feminist domains.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a controversy related to sex and gender?

A) The idea that there are only two sexes and two genders is an oversimplification and not accurate for all cultures or medical conditions.
B) Not everyone with a vagina considers themselves a woman,and not everyone who considers themselves a woman has a vagina.
C) Feminist psychologists encourage a more complex and complicated dialogue when exploring sex and gender in psychological research.
D) There is not a tendency to confuse sex and gender in psychological research.

Question 54

Dr.Mamie Phipps Clark's research and work in psychology,although criticized for its methodology and interpretation,helped to do which of the following?

A) establish that social science could be used as evidence for cases presented to the Supreme Court
B) discount the interaction between children and the world of play
C) diminish the evidence of discrimination and racism faced by women in psychology
D) establish that jobs were available to women provided they had enough real-world experience and educational attainment

Question 55

Which psychologist based their theory of moral development almost entirely on wealthy White boys and men,yet applied their findings to human development as a whole?

A) Kohlberg
B) Gilligan
C) Cundiff
D) Brown

Question 56

In a correlational research design,

A) correlation equals causation.
B) relationships between variables are examined.
C) the researcher manipulates an independent and dependent variable.
D) participants are randomly selected.

Question 57

Which of the following accurately describes psychological research and bias?

A) Researchers are value-neutral and objective.
B) Research questions do not contain assumptions.
C) The identities of both the researcher and the selected participants may contribute to bias.
D) Feminist researchers do not contribute to sampling bias.

Question 58

All of the following support Stephanie Riger's (1992)idea that feminist research should be used for the production of knowledge and for social justice EXCEPT

A) Feminist researchers should talk about research findings in the popular press.
B) Feminist researchers should publish their research in academic journals,so that their findings are distributed to only a small subset of the population who has access to academic texts.
C) Feminist researchers should "give their research away" through social media,email,and formal conversations with policy makers.
D) Feminist researchers should use efforts to move away from the role of the detached and objective researcher.

Question 59

According to the American Psychological Association (APA),sex refers to ________ and gender refers to ___________.

A) biology and anatomy;attitudes and roles associated with biological sex
B) anatomy and reproduction;established cultural norms
C) genetic markers;women and girls
D) chosen anatomy;confirmation procedures

Question 60

Explain the concept of "the personal is political," including why feminist psychologists believe research focusing on both the individual and the culture is important.You may want to consider current events applying to sexual assault survivors and how the personal and political apply to this issue.

Question 61

Briefly explain the concept of post-feminism and whom it applies to.Then,discuss why feminist psychology and research are still necessary when considering the psycho-social-cultural eradication of gender inequalities.

Question 62

List some of the identities that you bring to the classroom (and everyday life)that are important to you.Explain how one or more of these identities could influence your work as a researcher and create unintended bias.

Question 63

Explain the common misconception that feminists are all the same.List some of the subgroups within the feminist movement,particularly during the third and fourth wave,and how their goals and priorities are different from stereotypical White,middle-class,heterosexual feminists.

Question 64

Propose a sample research question that would be applicable to the lives of girls and women.If you were conducting a study to answer this research question,what are some things to keep in mind in order to eliminate bias in sex/gender research?

Question 65

Some populations have not been historically welcome within feminist spaces,specifically during the second wave of feminism,to the present.Discuss why populations such as women of color,men,disabled women,and transwomen might not feel welcome in these spaces.

Question 66

Define intersectionality and explicate how differences besides gender influence women's daily lives.

Question 67

Explain why intersectionality still needs to address discrimination within feminism.Consider some of the examples provided in the text,such as Patricia Arquette's 2015 Academy Awards acceptance speech or the HBO television show Girls.How do one or both of these examples ignore intersectionality and/or the reluctance of women of color to identify as feminists?

Question 68

Select two feminist theoretical frameworks of your choice and compare and contrast them.Specifically,compare the defining principles of each framework and how they are applied in everyday life (e.g. ,explain how they are similar or different in how they combat sexism and oppression of women).