Deck 13: Alcohol, Health, and Disease

Question 1

Heavy drinking increases the risk of developing certain cancers.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The rate of alcohol metabolism is about 14.8 ml per hour. This translates into consumption of about

A) 1 beer per hour.
B) 2 beers per hour.
C) 3 beers per hour.
D) 4 beers per hour.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Alcohol is classified as a central nervous system depressant.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The primary site of alcohol absorption is

A) the mouth.
B) the stomach.
C) the small intestine.
D) the large intestine.

Question 5

Alcohol must be broken down through digestion prior to being absorbed into the blood.

Question 6

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Question 7

Up to 90% of all cases of chronic pancreatitis are associated with heavy drinking.

Question 8

The type of alcohol we consume is

A) methanol.
B) ethanol.
C) cholesterol.
D) tocopherol.

Question 9

The alcohol content of hard liquor is greater than that of beer or wine because of a process called

A) fermentation.
B) distillation.
C) proofreading.
D) concentration.

Question 10

Alcoholic beverages have low nutrient density and are sources of empty calories.

Question 11

When a chronic drinker develops a tolerance to alcohol it's because

A) a group of liver enzymes that assist in alcohol metabolism have been activated.
B) there is increased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
C) the brain adapts to better handle the effects of alcohol.
D) alcohol absorption is reduced.

Question 12

Influences on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) include all the following except:

A) body composition.
B) body size.
C) food in the stomach at the time of drinking.
D) caffeine consumed with the alcohol.

Question 13

The products of fermentation are

A) ethanol and carbon dioxide.
B) methanol and carbon dioxide.
C) ethanol and oxygen.
D) ethanol and methanol.

Question 14

Although alcohol is not considered a nutrient, it provides

A) 4 kcal per gram.
B) 5 kcal per gram.
C) 7 kcal per gram.
D) 9 kcal per gram.

Question 15

Alcohol dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes

A) the transport of ethanol into cells.
B) the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.
C) the conversion of ethanol to acetic acid.
D) the conversion of acetaldehyde to ethanol.

Question 16

If a person consumes too much alcohol, drinking caffeine will speed its elimination from his or her body.

Question 17

Alcoholism is a disease that can be treated but not cured.

Question 18

Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 19

Alcohol can cause a temporary loss of inhibition, making a person feel relaxed and outgoing.

Question 20

Areas of the brain that control _____ become depressed as blood alcohol content increases.

A) speech
B) vision
C) voluntary muscular movement
D) All the above

Question 21

Having food in the stomach slows alcohol absorption because it

A) concentrates the alcohol.
B) slows alcohol's release into the small intestine.
C) eliminates any alcohol absorption in the stomach.
D) binds the alcohol and causes it to be excreted in the feces.

Question 22

Liver disorders associated with chronic alcohol consumption include fatty liver. This results from the accumulation of _____ in the liver.

A) dietary fats
B) fatty acids
C) triglycerides
D) cholesterol

Question 23

Binge drinking is defined as a minimum consumption of _____ drink(s) for women and _____ drink(s) for men over a two-hour time period, and is associated with cardiac arrhythmia.

A) 2, 3
B) 3, 4
C) 4, 5
D) 5, 6

Question 24

While moderate alcohol is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, long-term heavy alcohol consumption is associated with harmful cardiovascular consequences such as

A) hypertension.
B) stroke.
C) arrhythmia.
D) All of the above

Question 25

Proof is a measure of the alcohol content of distilled liquor. If a beverage is 90 proof, then its alcohol by volume is

A) 9 percent.
B) 45 percent.
C) 90 percent.
D) 180 percent.

Question 26

Who among the following categories should completely avoid drinking alcohol?

A) Pregnant women
B) Lactating women
C) People operating machinery
D) All of the above

Question 27

If two people of similar body weight consume the same amount of alcohol, the leaner person will likely have _____ compared with the less lean person.

A) a lower blood alcohol content
B) a higher blood alcohol content
C) the identical blood alcohol content
D) Cannot answer this question since it depends on the beverages consumed.

Question 28

The alcohol content of beverage is expressed as alcohol by volume (ABV). If a beverage has an ABV of 12%, then 100 ml of that beverage contains

A) 6 ml alcohol.
B) 12 ml alcohol.
C) 24 ml alcohol.
D) Unable to determine with information provided.

Question 29

When alcohol contributes to nutrient deficiencies it is because it interferes with the _____ of nutrients.

A) digestion
B) absorption
C) utilization
D) All of the above

Question 30

Organs and tissues harmed by chronic heavy alcohol consumption include all of the following except the:

A) heart.
B) kidney.
C) liver.
D) pancreas.

Question 31

Scar tissue accumulation in the liver

A) is not damaging because cells can still function normally.
B) is called cirrhosis.
C) is part of normal aging, but is accelerated by alcohol.
D) leads to the development of fatty liver.

Question 32

The combination of heavy drinking and smoking dramatically increases the risk of developing cancer of the

A) esophagus.
B) kidney.
C) bladder.
D) prostate.

Question 33

One explanation for the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease associated with moderate alcohol consumption is

A) reduced HDL cholesterol levels.
B) reduced LDL cholesterol levels.
C) increased HDL cholesterol levels.
D) increased triglyceride levels.

Question 34

Who would have the highest BAC after a given alcohol intake?

A) A young man who is very muscular and 5'5" tall.
B) A young man who is very muscular and 6'2"
C) A young woman who is 5'5" and very lean
D) A young woman who is 5'5" and overweight

Question 35

Alcohol use disorders are defined as a spectrum of disorders

A) that encompasses recurrent excessive drinking and alcoholism.
B) that encompasses moderate and excessive drinking.
C) associated with behavioral issues in children.
D) that affect only men.

Question 36

According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, excessive drinking is defined as consumption of more than _____ drinks on any day for women and more than _____ drinks on any day for men.

A) 2, 3
B) 3, 4
C) 4, 5
D) 8, 10

Question 37

Inflammation of the liver that results from obstructed blood flow is called

A) cirrhosis.
B) alcoholic hepatitis.
C) liver failure.
D) hepatic inflammatory disorder.

Question 38

Resveratrol is a compound found in red wine that provides some cardiovascular protection because

A) it promotes oxidation.
B) it reduces HDL cholesterol levels.
C) it reduces inflammation.
D) it increases blood clot formation.

Question 39

A serious condition whereby the heart muscle weakens in response to chronic alcohol consumption is called

A) cardiac arrhythmia.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) cardiometabolic syndrome.
D) alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

Question 40

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans define moderate alcohol consumption as not exceeding _____ drink(s) per day for women and _____ drink(s) per day for men.

A) 1, 1
B) 1, 2
C) 2, 2
D) 3, 4

Question 41

When a person is consuming alcohol at a rate that results in increases in blood alcohol content, it is likely that his or her

A) speech and language skills will increase.
B) vision will become clearer and then will become impaired.
C) level of disorientation and confusion will increase.
D) emotional responses will diminish.

Question 42

In addition to the association between moderate alcohol consumption and modified lipoprotein profiles, cardiovascular disease risk is reduced in moderate drinkers because of associated

A) increases in blood clot formation.
B) increases in the inflammatory environment.
C) decreases in blood clot formation.
D) decreases in anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 43

Why is heavy drinking is associated with increased risk of cancer?

A) Alcohol serves as a co-carcinogen that can enhance the carcinogenicity of other cancer-causing chemicals.
B) Poor nutritional status associated with heavy drinking may contribute to the development certain cancers.
C) Alcohol can act directly as a carcinogen.
D) All of the above

Question 44

Compared with non-binge drinkers, binge drinkers in college are more likely to

A) attend class.
B) get good grades.
C) get into trouble with the campus police.
D) use a designated driver rather than driving while intoxicated.

Question 45

The most common impact of heavy alcohol consumption on vitamin status is

A) impaired absorption.
B) degradation of the vitamin.
C) increased fecal excretion.
D) impaired synthesis of the vitamin.

Question 46

Which of the following, in conjunction with other behaviors, might suggest that a person has a problem with alcohol?

A) Only drinking with friends
B) Feeling the need to drink to build self-confidence
C) Never missing work because of drinking
D) Being aware that his or her reputation is not affected by drinking

Question 47

The progression of liver damage that can occur in heavy drinkers is:

A) Fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, then liver failure.
B) Fatty liver, liver failure, cirrhosis, then alcoholic hepatitis.
C) Alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, then liver failure.
D) Fatty liver, cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, then liver failure.

Question 48

In consequence of chronic heavy alcohol consumption, cross-tolerance may occur. This refers to

A) a tolerance for many different kinds of alcoholic beverages.
B) a lower responsiveness to certain medications that would normally be processed by the enzymes assisting in alcohol metabolism.
C) an increased responsiveness to other medications that would normally be processed by the enzymes assisting in alcohol metabolism.
D) a reduced tolerance for alcohol when other medications are being processed.

Question 49

A reduction in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in many people of Asian descent explains why

A) they cannot convert ethanol to acetaldehyde.
B) they never experience hangovers after consuming alcohol.
C) they can only drink distilled alcoholic beverages.
D) they experience uncomfortable facial flushing and headaches when alcohol is consumed.

Question 50

Despite indulging in unhealthy behaviors such as eating relatively high amounts of saturated fat and smoking, French people have a relatively low occurrence of cardiovascular disease. This observation is called

A) the French oxymoron.
B) the French connection.
C) the French bistro effect.
D) the French paradox.

Question 51

When chronic heavy alcohol consumption results in pancreatitis, the impact on _____ can lead to malnutrition.

A) liver function
B) enterocyte function
C) digestion and absorption of nutrients
D) urinary excretion of nutrients

Question 52

While moderate alcohol consumption in adults is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, it is not recommended for young adults. This is because, in young adults, alcohol

A) is metabolized differently than in older adults.
B) use is associated with increased risk of injury and death.
C) is rapidly excreted.
D) is toxic to the heart.

Question 53

If someone is drinking and exceeds a rate of consumption of about one 12-ounce beer per hour, his or her blood alcohol levels will increase because

A) the rate of alcohol excretion cannot keep up with the amount of alcohol being consumed.
B) the rate of alcohol digestion increases as more alcohol enters the small intestine.
C) the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the rate of the liver's metabolism of alcohol.
D) the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the rate of the kidney's metabolism of alcohol.

Question 54

What is the most probable explanation for why people with alcohol use disorders would persist in consuming large volumes of alcohol?

A) They are physically and emotionally dependent on alcohol.
B) They are succumbing to peer pressure.
C) They are stubborn.
D) They are creative people who feel they must drink to tap into their creativity.

Question 55

Heavy drinkers may have impaired nutritional status because

A) they tend to overeat.
B) alcohol can interfere with digestion and absorption of various nutrients.
C) alcohol cannot be used in energy production.
D) they cannot cook due to impaired balance.