Deck 7: Therapeutic Ultrasound

Question 1

Over which areas can ultrasound be applied when caution is used? Select all that apply.

A) Vertebral column
B) Nerve roots
C) Large nerve plexus
D) Heart
E) Genitals

Answer 1

A,B,C

Question 2

What temperature increase is required to decrease muscle spasm and pain?

A) 1°C
B) 2 to 3°C
C) 3 to 4°C
D) 5°C

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Due to its _____frequencies,ultrasound is unable to pass through the air and requires a dense transmission medium.

A) high
B) low
C) alternating
D) medium

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A beam nonuniformity ratio of greater than __is considered unacceptable and potentially harmful.

A) 8:1
B) 5:1
C) 2:1
D) 11:1

Question 5

Ultrasound is able to pass through both solid and liquid mediums because it travels as a _____wave.

A) longitudinal
B) perpendicular
C) parallel
D) short

Question 6

When using ultrasound,what depth of tissue will a 3-MHz output frequency effectively treat?

A) 1 cm
B) 2 to 3 cm
C) 3 to 4 cm
D) 4 to 5 cm

Question 7

When using ultrasound,how much does the target tissue's temperature need to be increased in order to promote tissue elongation?

A) 3.2°F
B) 5.2°F
C) 7.2°F
D) 10°F

Question 8

How large of a treatment area can be effectively exposed to ultrasonic energy?

A) Slightly larger than the diameter of the sound head
B) Slightly smaller than the diameter of the sound head
C) Equivalent to the diameter of the sound head
D) Significantly larger than the diameter of the sound head

Question 9

Which describes the amount of energy passing through the sound head's effective radiating area?

A) Spatial average intensity
B) Spatial average temporal peak intensity
C) Spatial average temporal average intensity
D) Spatial average peak-to-peak intensity

Question 10

Which interface results in 99.9 percent of ultrasound energy being reflected?

A) Soft tissue-air
B) Soft tissue-bone
C) Soft tissue-fat
D) Water-soft tissue

Question 11

Which output frequency will penetrate deeper into the tissue?

A) 1 MHz
B) 2 MHz
C) 3 MHz
D) 1,2,and 3 MHz all penetrate the same depth

Question 12

Which ultrasound setups are considered nonthermal? Select all that apply.

A) 25 percent duty cycle with an output intensity of 0.5 W/cm²
B) 100 percent duty cycle with an output intensity of 0.3 W/cm²
C) 25 percent duty cycle with an output intensity of 1 W/cm²
D) 100 percent duty cycle with an output intensity of 1 W/cm²
E) 50 percent duty cycle with an output intensity of 1.5 W/cm²

Question 13

The half layer value represents the depth where what percentage of ultrasonic energy has been absorbed?

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 14

What is believed to cause small openings in the stratum corneum and an increase in pore size?

A) Cavitation
B) Attenuation
C) Piezoelectric crystals
D) Electropiezo effect

Question 15

Which medications commonly administered via phonophoresis target nerves,muscles,and subcutaneous tissues? Select all that apply.

A) Hydrocortisone
B) Dexamethasone 0.4 percent
C) Myoflex
D) Lidocaine
E) Benzydamine

Question 16

Which of the following represents a 1-MHz output frequency? Select all that apply.

A) Divergent beam
B) Maximum heating rate of 0.36°F per minute per W/cm²
C) Penetration depth of 0.8 to 3 cm
D) Maximum heating rate of 1.1°F per minute per W/cm²
E) Collimated beam

Question 17

Ultrasound with continuous output produces energy 100 percent of the time.In what terms is the output measured?

A) Spatial average intensity
B) Spatial average temporal peak intensity
C) Spatial average temporal average intensity
D) Spatial average peak-to-peak intensity

Question 18

Which tissues and structures are highly reflective of ultrasound energy? Select all that apply.

A) Interface between soft tissue and bone
B) Musculotendinous junction
C) Intermuscular interfaces
D) Adipose tissue
E) Skin

Question 19

Which is an accurate statement concerning the use of 3-MHz ultrasound?

A) Used to treat deep tissues
B) Energy is rapidly absorbed by tissues
C) Heats 1/3 as fast as 1 MHz
D) Heating lasts longer than 1 MHz

Question 20

When compared to traditional therapeutic ultrasound,which is an accurate statement about longwave ultrasound?

A) Longwave ultrasound employs a longer wavelength,ranging between 20 and 40 MHz.
B) Longwave can produce bone-depth heating in the largest muscle masses.
C) Much like shortwave ultrasound,longwave also requires a transmission medium.
D) Longwave requires a larger output to reach therapeutic heating levels.