Deck 10: Leadership and Organizational Change

Question 1

Which of the following would be characteristic of a Theory X manager's beliefs about the average employee?

A) Has an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it if possible.
B) Will exercise self-direction in the service of objectives to which they are committed.
C) Learns not only to accept but also to seek responsibility.
D) Uses only a portion of their intellectual potential.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following types of power come from the formal position held by an individual in an organization?

A) legitimate
B) coercive
C) expert
D) referent

Answer 2

A

Question 3

McClelland proposed which of the following motivation theories?

A) two-factor (maintenance and motivational)
B) achievement-power-affiliation
C) expectancy
D) reinforcement

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The University of Michigan and the Ohio State Leadership studies both suggested that most effective managers are those who

A) focus on process.
B) give detailed directions.
C) make decisions themselves.
D) allow employees to participate in decisions.

Question 5

Which of the following statements would be consistent with the beliefs of Argyris' Theory?

A) Because humans have an inherent dislike of work, they must be coerced and controlled.
B) Management creates "Mickey Mouse" jobs and then is surprised with "Mickey Mouse" behavior.
C) Power is the resource that enables a leader to induce compliance or influence others.
D) People behave in a certain way because they have learned at some time which behaviors result in positive outcomes and which result in negative outcomes.

Question 6

The ERG theory grouped human needs into what three categories?

A) existence, relatedness, growth
B) esteem, respect, group cohesiveness
C) expectancy, relationships, goals
D) excellence, responsibility, generosity
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Question 7

According to the expectancy theory, a high level of motivation requires

A) low expectancy and high valence.
B) low expectancy and low valence.
C) high expectancy and low valence.
D) high expectancy and high valence.

Question 8

_____________ is the process of influencing the activities of employees toward goal achievement.

A) Expectancy
B) Motivation
C) Leadership
D) Job satisfaction

Question 9

Situational leadership would suggest that

A) one leadership style is appropriate in nearly all situations.
B) leaders should use their referent power in work situations to be successful.
C) behavior of effective leaders depends on the situation.
D) Theory Y beliefs on human behavior lead to success as a leader.

Question 10

In the two-factor theory, the hygiene (or maintenance) factors

A) include the concepts of achievement and recognition.
B) are related to the content of the job.
C) will serve as motivators when present in the job.
D) are often related to dissatisfaction on the job.

Question 11

According to the achievement-power-affiliation theory, a person who takes responsibility for finding solutions to problems is demonstrating a need for power.

Question 12

According to Maslow's need theory, which of the following needs would not be addressed first?

A) physiological
B) safety
C) social
D) self-actualization

Question 13

The highest level of needs on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is termed _____________.

A) physiological
B) safety
C) social
D) self-actualization

Question 14

When the baker blames the oven for the poor bakery product when, in fact, recipe procedures were not followed, the baker is using which defense mechanism?

A) withdrawal
B) substitution
C) repression
D) rationalization

Question 15

Motivation could be described as

A) a function that managers perform in coordinating work to be done.
B) an inner force that activates or moves a person.
C) the process of creating a work environment in which people do their best work.
D) working together as a team to accomplish goals and objectives.

Question 16

A transformational leader

A) has a high need for affiliation.
B) intellectually stimulates followers.
C) guides employees by clarifying roles and tasks.
D) motivates employees through use of rewards.

Question 17

The motivation theory that is based on the belief that people act to increase pleasure and decrease displeasure is

A) two-factor (maintenance and motivational).
B) achievement-power-affiliation.
C) expectancy.
D) reinforcement.

Question 18

_____________ is the extent to which a person is in tune with his/her own feelings and the feelings of others.

A) Metacognition
B) Social intelligence
C) Emotional intelligence
D) Interdependence

Question 19

Reinforcement theory emphasizes

A) how the consequences of past action influence future actions.
B) the importance of job responsibilities as motivators.
C) that needs are learned and socially acquired as individuals interact with their environment.
D) rewards or outcomes of performance to satisfy needs.

Question 20

The leadership continuum developed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt includes which two major components?

A) Degree of authority used by the manager and the amount of freedom available to the employee.
B) The concern of the manager for production and the concern for people.
C) The amount of initiating structure and the amount of consideration.
D) The level of maturity of the employee and the degree of power used by the manager.

Question 21

The need for love, belonging, affiliation and acceptance are components of which of the 5 levels of need identified by Maslow? ______________

Question 22

The concept of valence in expectancy theory is the expectancy that increased effort will lead to increased performance.

Question 23

Continuous commitment is the commitment to the organization that employees display because they are happy to be members of the organization.

Question 24

According to the work by Kouzes and Posner, a leader enables others to act

Question 25

Democratic is the leadership style in which the leader allows the group to make the decision.

Question 26

An employee's general attitude about their job is referred to as job satisfaction.

Question 27

A change agent is a person who initiates a change.

Question 28

The extent to which a person is in tune with his/her own feelings and the feelings of others is termed: _______________.

Question 29

The Blake and Mouton leadership grid has two dimensions, those dimensions are concern for production and concern for service.

Question 30

Hershey and Blanchard expanded the contingency approach to leadership by incorporating concern for people and concern for production in their leadership model.

Question 31

Intrinsic motivation comes from factors inside the individual

Question 32

________________ is the ability to use social perceptiveness and behavioral flexibility to determine the requirements for leadership in a particular situation and select the appropriate response

Question 33

___________ power comes from the formal position one holds in an organization.