Deck 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

On extended visits to foreign countries,you would be most likely to observe

A) more men than women in political leadership positions.
B) women earning the same amount of money as men.
C) men and women equally involved in child care.
D) men and women equally involved in violent crime.

Answer 1

more men than women in political leadership positions.

Question 2

Based on research on gender differences in aggression,one would be correct to predict that men are ________ likely than women to make verbal threats on another person's life and that they are ________ likely than women to actually end another person's life.

A) more;no more
B) less;no more
C) more;more
D) less;more

Answer 2

more;more

Question 3

Compared with men,women are more likely to show obvious signs of

A) gender typing.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) interdependence.
D) self-esteem.

Answer 3

interdependence.

Question 4

A study of phone communication in France indicated that women make ________ phone calls than men and,when talking to another woman,they stay connected ________ than men do when talking to other men.

A) more;longer
B) fewer;shorter
C) more;shorter
D) fewer;longer

Question 5

Jason and Karen are involved in a classroom discussion.Research on gender differences suggests that as the discussion proceeds,Jason is more likely than Karen to

A) offer his own opinions on issues.
B) welcome other classmates' input on issues.
C) express support for other classmates' comments.
D) avoid direct eye contact with other classmates.

Question 6

Women are slightly more likely than men to

A) interrupt other people who are speaking.
B) develop alcohol use disorder.
C) commit acts of relational aggression.
D) experience high levels of self-esteem.

Question 7

In psychology,sex refers to the ________ by which people define male and female.

A) socially influenced personality traits
B) culturally approved mating rituals
C) biologically influenced physical attributes
D) levels of reproductive success

Question 8

Gender refers to the ________ that define what it means to be a man or a woman.

A) primary sex characteristics
B) secondary sex characteristics
C) genetically determined traits
D) cultural expectations

Question 9

During a group conversation,men are more likely than women to

A) stare at other group members.
B) interrupt other speakers.
C) talk assertively.
D) behave in all of these ways.

Question 10

Compared with women,men experience a greater risk of

A) autism spectrum disorder.
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) all of these disorders.

Question 11

In social interactions,men tend to smile ________ than women,and they tend to apologize ________ than women.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 12

Research on gender and aggression indicates that

A) women admit to feeling more hostility than do men.
B) in experiments,men and women are equally willing to blast people with what they believed was intense and prolonged noise.
C) throughout the world,men are more likely than women to support and engage in war.
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 13

The average U.S.teen boy sends and receives ________ text messages than the average teen girl.American college men are ________ likely than college women to declare an interest in computer science.

A) more;more
B) fewer;less
C) more;less
D) fewer;more

Question 14

Compared with the average man,the average woman is

A) less likely to receive offers of help from others.
B) more likely to commit suicide.
C) less likely to express emotions freely.
D) more vulnerable to depression and anxiety.

Question 15

Women report that their friendships with women are ________ enjoyable and intimate than their friendships with men.Men report that their friendships with men are ________ enjoyable and intimate than their friendships with women.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 16

Compared with men,women are more likely to talk with others to

A) communicate solutions.
B) explore relationships.
C) demonstrate leadership skills.
D) express their unique opinions.

Question 17

Relational aggression refers to

A) an act of physical aggression intended to enhance a person's social standing or relationship.
B) an act of verbal aggression intended to enhance a person's social standing or relationship.
C) an act of physical or verbal aggression intended to enhance a person's social standing or relationship.
D) an act of physical or verbal aggression intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship.

Question 18

The greater aggressiveness of men than of women would be LEAST likely to involve ________ another person.

A) spreading false rumors about
B) physically hitting
C) poisoning
D) shooting

Question 19

Jim and Julie are teen cousins growing up in the same town.Research on gender differences would lead one to predict that Jim is ________ vulnerable to developing an eating disorder and ________ vulnerable to developing alcohol use disorder than his cousin Julie is.

A) more;more
B) less;less
C) more;less
D) less;more

Question 20

In a group discussion,women are ________ likely than men to express support for others' opinions.As group leaders,women are ________ likely than men to promote a democratic leadership style.

A) less;more
B) more;more
C) less;less
D) more;less

Question 21

Gender differences in social connectedness peak during

A) early and middle childhood.
B) late childhood and adolescence.
C) late adolescence and early adulthood.
D) middle and late adulthood.

Question 22

Primary sex characteristics are

A) gender schemas.
B) a person's sex chromosomes.
C) the roles that a culture expects from those defined as male and female.
D) the body structures that enable reproduction.

Question 23

The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by

A) gender schemas.
B) the X chromosome.
C) testosterone.
D) gender typing.

Question 24

Male and female brains show different patterns of prenatal development due to the influence of

A) gender schemas.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) spermarche.
D) sex hormones.

Question 25

Increased levels of body fat in females has been suggested as partially responsible for an early onset of

A) spermarche.
B) gender typing.
C) androgyny.
D) puberty.

Question 26

A baby girl receives a(n)

A) Y chromosome from her father.
B) Y chromosome from her mother.
C) Y chromosome from both her father and mother.
D) X chromosome from both her father and mother.

Question 27

The X chromosome is found ________.The Y chromosome is found ________.

A) only in males;only in females
B) only in females;only in males
C) in both males and females;only in females
D) in both males and females;only in males

Question 28

Connie experienced her first menstrual period last week.This most clearly indicates that she has entered a developmental phase known as

A) androgyny.
B) spermarche.
C) gender typing.
D) puberty.

Question 29

Puberty refers to

A) the prenatal development of primary sex characteristics.
B) the onset of sexual attraction toward members of the other or the same sex.
C) the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
D) the onset of a female's first menstrual period.

Question 30

Joel first experienced an orgasm during a dream that occurred shortly before he awoke from a full night's sleep.Joel's experience best illustrates

A) a disorder of sexual development.
B) androgyny.
C) gender typing.
D) spermarche.

Question 31

The term menarche refers to the

A) onset of male reproductive capacity.
B) first menstrual period.
C) development of secondary sex characteristics.
D) acquisition of a traditional masculine role.

Question 32

At about age 11 in girls and age 12 in boys,a surge of sex hormones triggers the onset of

A) gender typing.
B) puberty.
C) androgyny.
D) gender schemas.

Question 33

A boy's first ejaculation is called

A) gender typing.
B) androgyny.
C) spermarche.
D) a secondary sex characteristic.

Question 34

An example of a primary sex characteristic is a

A) woman's ovaries.
B) man's larynx.
C) woman's breasts.
D) man's adrenal glands.

Question 35

Karen and Max are opposite-sex fraternal twin babies.The primary sex characteristics that differ between the two of them first began to develop

A) at their conception.
B) about 7 weeks after their conception.
C) about the fourth month after their conception.
D) about the sixth month after their conception.

Question 36

Nonreproductive sexual characteristics such as the deepened male voice and male facial hair are called

A) gender roles.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) primary sex characteristics.
D) gender schemas.

Question 37

Cathy and her brother Keith are both adults who live in the same large metropolitan area.Research on gender similarities and differences suggests that Cathy is likely to report her friendships with women are ________ intimate and nurturing than her friendships with men.Keith is likely to report that his friendships with men are ________ intimate and nurturing than his friendships with women.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 38

During their teen years,girls become progressively ________ flirtatious and boys become progressively ________ domineering.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 39

An inherited condition that involves unusual development of sex chromosomes or sexual anatomy is called

A) spermarche.
B) heterosexuality.
C) a disorder of sexual development.
D) a bisexual orientation.

Question 40

When Miranda learned that she had breast cancer,she turned to her neighbors and church community to find comfort and support for herself and her family.Miranda best illustrated a predisposition to

A) insecure attachments.
B) androgyny.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) tend and befriend.

Question 41

In which of the following countries are people most likely to agree that when jobs are scarce,men should have more rights to a job than women?

A) Spain
B) Britain
C) India
D) United States

Question 42

Concepts that organize one's experience of characteristics associated with being male or female are called

A) gender roles.
B) sexual orientations.
C) gender schemas.
D) primary sex characteristics.

Question 43

Children's tendency to classify toys and songs as either masculine or feminine is most likely to encourage

A) androgyny.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) gender typing.
D) menarche.

Question 44

The expected behaviors for men or for women are called

A) gender identities.
B) gender roles.
C) gender schemas.
D) gender types.

Question 45

Although biologically female,Robin feels like a male and wishes to publicly identify himself as a male.Robin could best be described as

A) bisexual.
B) transgender.
C) homosexual.
D) asexual.

Question 46

A person's sense of being male,female,or,occasionally,some combination of the two is his or her gender

A) identity.
B) role.
C) type.
D) schema.

Question 47

The belief that girls are more friendly than boys is a(n)

A) androgyny.
B) gender schema.
C) sexual orientation.
D) secondary sex characteristic.

Question 48

Former Olympic decathlon champion Bruce Jenner became an Internet sensation after undergoing plastic surgery and transitioning to Caitlyn Jenner.Caitlyn is best described as

A) asexual.
B) neutered.
C) bisexual.
D) transsexual.

Question 49

The acquisition of our gender identity through the process of observing and imitating the gender-linked behaviors of other people is most clearly emphasized by

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) cognitive neuroscience.
C) Freudian psychology.
D) social learning theory.

Question 50

Men and women have often tended to classify certain occupations as either masculine or feminine.As a result,they have limited themselves to a narrow range of career options.This best illustrates the impact of

A) androgyny.
B) the X chromosome.
C) gender schemas.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 51

Jackie's birth sex is male but she is planning to undergo sex-reassignment surgery so that she can fulfill her dream of living as a female.Jackie could best be described as

A) bisexual.
B) asexual.
C) transsexual.
D) androgynous.

Question 52

A century ago,relatively few U.S.women worked for pay outside the home.Today,nearly half the U.S.workforce is female.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in

A) gender identity.
B) primary sex characteristics.
C) gender roles.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 53

Some individuals are transgender,meaning that their gender identity feels mismatched with their

A) sexual orientation.
B) birth sex.
C) occupational role.
D) gender schema.

Question 54

Dominick responds to his daughter's fistfight with,"Good girls don't fight!" When his son has a fistfight he asks,"Did you win?" Dominick's comments are most likely to encourage

A) spermarche.
B) gender typing.
C) a sexual development disorder.
D) androgyny.

Question 55

Connie describes herself as highly self-confident and competitive but also very open to others for support and friendship.Connie best illustrates

A) gender typing.
B) androgyny.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) a bisexual orientation.

Question 56

People are most likely to be adaptable to a variety of different roles if they are

A) androgynous.
B) heterosexual.
C) gender-typed.
D) asexual.

Question 57

A genetic male newborn with primary sex characteristics that are not typically male or female most clearly shows signs of

A) a bisexual orientation.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) gender typing.
D) a disorder of sexual development.

Question 58

In the past,medical professionals often recommended sex-reassignment surgery for newborns who clearly showed signs of

A) secondary sex characteristics.
B) a disorder of sexual development.
C) gender typing.
D) heterosexuality.

Question 59

Maria has always taken responsibility for preparing family meals because she learned that this was expected of women.Her behavior best illustrates the influence of

A) sex chromosomes.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) androgyny.
D) gender roles.

Question 60

It is most likely that in many cultures women's leadership responsibilities have been limited by their

A) androgyny.
B) primary sex characteristics.
C) gender roles.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 61

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that

A) the sexual desire of human females is somewhat lower at ovulation than at other times.
B) male sex offenders typically have lower-than-normal testosterone levels.
C) adult males who suffer castration experience a decline in their sex drive.
D) sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased t testosterone levels in men.

Question 62

In a complete sexual response cycle

A) the excitement phase immediately precedes orgasm.
B) orgasm immediately precedes the excitement phase.
C) the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm.
D) the excitement phase immediately precedes the resolution phase.

Question 63

An important female sex hormone that contributes to female sex characteristics is called

A) serotonin.
B) estradiol.
C) HPV.
D) epinephrine.

Question 64

Studies find that women with mates have slightly higher sexual desire than usual at ovulation,when there is a surge of ________ and a smaller surge of ________.

A) testosterone;estrogen
B) prolactin;estrogen
C) estrogen;prolactin
D) estrogen;testosterone

Question 65

Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that

A) blood pressure rates decrease during the plateau phase and increase during orgasm.
B) conception is not possible without the occurrence of male orgasm.
C) female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception.
D) the resolution phase of the female sexual response cycle is especially lengthy following multiple orgasms.

Question 66

Secretion of the female hormones,the estrogens,peaks during

A) the refractory period.
B) the resolution phase.
C) menstruation.
D) ovulation.

Question 67

Sixteen-year-old Rashad is on his high school diving team.While they are practicing,a group of girls from the girls' swim team stop by.Rashad immediately tries increasingly risky dives while the girls watch.If Rashad's hormone levels were checked at that time,we are most likely to find

A) a drop in his testosterone level.
B) an increase in his testosterone level.
C) an increase in estrogen levels.
D) an increase in his prolactin levels.

Question 68

Amber and Tyrice are kissing and touching each other and both are experiencing genital arousal.Amber's vagina is secreting lubricants and is expanding but neither has reached a point of peak arousal.Which stage in the sexual response cycle have they reached?

A) resolution
B) plateau
C) orgasm
D) excitement

Question 69

Male sex offenders lose much of their sexual urge when voluntarily taking

A) testosterone.
B) Viagra.
C) estrogen.
D) Depo-Provera.

Question 70

Thirty-five-year-old Marta is menopausal as a result of a medically necessary hysterectomy.Marta's sex drive is now significantly lower,which has led to reduced sexual intimacy with her husband.Her physician is likely to recommend

A) serotonin-replacement therapy.
B) Viagra.
C) Depo-Provera.
D) testosterone-replacement therapy.

Question 71

Which of the following is an example of a sexual dysfunction?

A) pedophilia
B) a refractory period
C) erectile disorder
D) erotic plasticity

Question 72

Research on sexual motivation indicates that

A) the level of men's sex drive varies more over time than the level of women's sex drive.
B) normal hour-to-hour fluctuations in men's testosterone level have little effect on the level of their sex drive.
C) men's testosterone level varies more over time than does women's estrogen level.
D) variations in estrogen level over time have a greater impact on the sex drive of human females than on other mammalian females.

Question 73

The time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called

A) the plateau phase.
B) the intersex interval.
C) a paraphilia.
D) the refractory period.

Question 74

Asexual individuals are sexually attracted to

A) only those of the other sex.
B) only those of the same sex.
C) those of either sex.
D) no one at all.

Question 75

He has never had a sexual encounter with nor felt any sexual attraction for members of either the same sex or the other sex.Jess is best described as

A) paraphilic.
B) habituated.
C) refractory.
D) asexual.

Question 76

Distress due to impaired sexual arousal or functioning during sexual intercourse is an indication of

A) a paraphilia.
B) pedophilia.
C) a sexual dysfunction.
D) a refractory period.

Question 77

Most transgender people who express their gender identity by dressing as a person of the other biological sex are biological ________ who are attracted to ________.

A) males;men
B) females;women
C) males;women
D) females;men

Question 78

Joan and Eric Anderson both experienced a complete sexual response cycle during intercourse.It is likely that each of them experienced the highest levels of blood pressure and heart rate during the stage of

A) resolution.
B) plateau.
C) orgasm.
D) excitement.

Question 79

With the removal of the ovaries,a woman's natural ________ level drops.

A) testosterone
B) prolactin
C) dopamine
D) serotonin

Question 80

The male refractory period lasts anywhere from a few

A) seconds to a few minutes.
B) minutes to a couple of hours.
C) minutes to a day or more.
D) hours to a week or more.