Deck 11: Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Epilogue: Antarctica

Question 1

Which statement is NOT true of the Great Barrier Reef?

A) It is the world's largest coral reef.
B) It is located off the northeastern coast of Australia.
C) Its presence in the Pacific is a prime contributor to El Niño.
D) It influences Australia's climate by directing warm water southward.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the region's Pacific island nations' greenhouse gas emissions in contributing to climate change?

A) These islands are some of the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions.
B) These islands have contributed very little to greenhouse gas emissions mostly because of their low emission lifestyles.
C) These islands have contributed very little to greenhouse gas emissions mostly because of their small populations.
D) These islands have contributed greatly to greenhouse gas emissions but have also been at the forefront of reducing emissions.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following islands of Oceania was/were NOT created by tectonic forces?

A) New Zealand
B) the Mariana Islands
C) New Guinea
D) the Hawaiian islands

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The "ocean" in Oceania refers to which ocean?

A) the Atlantic
B) the Pacific
C) the Indian
D) the Arctic

Question 5

How many islands compose New Zealand?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 6

The Great Barrier Reef straddles what part of Australia?

A) Queensland
B) New South Wales
C) South Australia
D) Northern Territory

Question 7

The largest of the world's regions is:

A) North America
B) Russia and the Post-Soviet States
C) Oceania
D) East Asia

Question 8

What is the name of the government program that has funded education for Kiribati youth anticipating the need to one day migrate as a result of climate change?

A) USAID
B) AusAID
C) WHO
D) Peace Corps

Question 9

Kiribati is a nation of islands in which ocean?

A) Atlantic
B) Indian
C) Arctic
D) Pacific

Question 10

The largest landmass in Oceania is:

A) Borneo.
B) New Zealand.
C) Polynesia.
D) Australia.

Question 11

Which of the following describes the basic physical landscape of Australia's large interior?

A) lowland desert
B) lowland rainforest
C) mountainous needle-leaf forest
D) highland tundra

Question 12

What do Micronesia,Melanesia,and Polynesia all have in common?

A) They are all territories of the United States or Europe.
B) They are common names for island groupings in Oceania and are based on ancient cultural or ethnic links.
C) They are all dominated by agricultural production.
D) They are home to the world's most active volcanoes.

Question 13

Which island was created when the drifting continent of Australia collided with the Eurasian Plate?

A) Palau
B) Gondwana
C) New Guinea
D) New Zealand

Question 14

Over the last several years,residents of Kiribati began noticing all of the following climate changes related environmental issues EXCEPT:

A) their drinking water was getting salty.
B) fertile soils were saturated by salty rising tides.
C) shoreline villages had sunk below sea level.
D) an increase in volcanic activity destroyed several villages.

Question 15

Which of the following has NOT been a role played by the Pacific Ocean in Oceania?

A) barrier
B) influence on temperature in the Pacific Rim
C) food source
D) instigator of war

Question 16

The gulf found on Australia's northern coast is the:

A) Gulf of Carpentaria.
B) Great Australian Bight.
C) Melbourne Strait.
D) Gulf of Tonkin.

Question 17

The nation of Kiribati is made up of how many islands?

A) 10
B) 21
C) 33
D) 56

Question 18

Which of the following islands of Oceania was/were NOT a part of the Gondwana landmass?

A) New Guinea
B) New Caledonia
C) the main islands of Fiji
D) New Zealand

Question 19

What feature lies off Australia's northeastern coast and contributes to southeastern Australia's mild climate by directing warm west-flowing currents to the south?

A) Great Australian Bight
B) Easter Island
C) Great Barrier Reef
D) New Guinea

Question 20

Kiribati president Anote Tong has developed several strategies for helping his people do what?

A) migrate with dignity
B) take a last stand
C) survive with honor
D) persevere with passion

Question 21

Which of the following are examples of monotremes?

A) the duck-billed platypus and the spiny anteater
B) the kangaroo and the koala
C) the pelican and the penguin
D) the ostrich and the emu

Question 22

Aotearoa is another name for:

A) New Zealand.
B) Australia.
C) Tasmania.
D) Tuamotu.

Question 23

Which of the following describes the climate changes typically associated with an El Niño event in the western Pacific (Oceania)?

A) Ocean temperatures warm up,which results in more cloud cover and rain.
B) Ocean temperatures cool down,which results in less cloud cover and rain.
C) Ocean temperatures cool down,which results in more cloud cover and rain.
D) Ocean temperatures warm up,which results in less cloud cover and rain.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an example of a high island?

A) Borneo
B) Mo'orea
C) Easter Island
D) New Zealand

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a type of volcanic island?

A) makatea
B) atoll
C) archipelago
D) high island

Question 26

The youngest volcanoes of Oceania are located on or near the islands known as:

A) New Zealand.
B) Hawaii.
C) Tonga.
D) Fiji.

Question 27

What does it mean that much of the plant and animal life in Oceania is endemic to the region,such as the wallaby to Australia?

A) Many species exist there and nowhere else on Earth.
B) Many species from the region are invading other parts of the world.
C) Many species in the region go through natural cycles where massive numbers of individuals periodically die off.
D) They are not well-adapted to the environmental conditions of the region.

Question 28

Which of the following explains the lack of indigenous land mammals in New Zealand and the Pacific islands?

A) The arid climates and poor soils could not support adequate floral habitats.
B) They were never connected via land to the Eurasian landmass.
C) Species introduced by Europeans drove native species to extinction.
D) For spiritual purposes,native islanders eliminated their presence.

Question 29

Which phrase best describes Australia's central interior?

A) frigid
B) warm and humid
C) arid and desertlike
D) unstable and dangerous

Question 30

Which statement is NOT generally true of Australia's flora and fauna?

A) The country is home to many of the world's endemic species.
B) The country's plant life is adapted to dry conditions.
C) The country's fauna include the marsupials and monotremes.
D) The country is home to many dense and lush forests.

Question 31

Which of the following is a name for a coral island raised up so that it has cliffs?

A) hot spot
B) atoll
C) high island
D) makatea

Question 32

Which is the best explanation of the Roaring Forties?

A) the period in the 1940s during which the islands of Oceania achieved independence from their colonizers
B) the temperature (in Fahrenheit)experienced by most of the islands of Oceania throughout the year
C) the high westerly winds that circle Earth around the 40th parallel south,unimpeded by large landmasses
D) the number of islands in most of the archipelagos of Oceania

Question 33

The two predominant plant genera of Australia are:

A) Heuchera and Angiospermum.
B) Eucalyptus and Acacia.
C) Palm and Artichoke/nettle.
D) Rudbeckia and Hosta.

Question 34

All of the following are marsupials (animals with pouches used to nurture their young)EXCEPT:

A) kangaroos.
B) platypus.
C) koalas.
D) bandicoots.

Question 35

An endemic species of plant or animal life is:

A) extinct.
B) poisonous or harmful to humans.
C) found in only one place on Earth.
D) fossilized in volcanic ash.

Question 36

In what part of Australia do most Australians live?

A) the north
B) the west
C) the interior
D) the east

Question 37

Which phrase best describes the climate of most of Oceania?

A) frigid
B) warm and humid
C) arid and desertlike
D) unstable and dangerous

Question 38

The two major rivers of Australia are the:

A) Murray and Darling.
B) Queens and Kings.
C) Wellington and Dunedin.
D) Nuku'Alofa and Maori.

Question 39

The movement of moist east-to-west flowing air is blocked in Australia by the:

A) Great Barrier Reef.
B) Macdonnell Ranges.
C) Great Dividing Range.
D) Nullarbor Plain.

Question 40

The Darling and the Murray are the principal rivers of which country?

A) India
B) New Zealand
C) Australia
D) the Mariana Islands

Question 41

Which is NOT true of Australia's contribution of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere?

A) Australia's production of greenhouse gases comes mostly from the use of automobiles and the burning of coal.
B) Because of its limited population,Australia produces only about 1 percent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions.
C) Of all the nations in Oceania,Australia contributes the region's largest volume of greenhouse gases.
D) Due to trade winds and other atmospheric effects,Australia's emissions of greenhouse gases have only a limited effect on the country itself.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a common method of water management in Australia and New Zealand?

A) water harvesting from roofs
B) the building of dams
C) drip irrigation technologies
D) water-filtration techniques

Question 43

Which of the following is the most numerous in New Zealand?

A) people of European descent
B) Maori
C) cattle
D) sheep

Question 44

Most of the land cleared in New Zealand is now used for:

A) export-oriented farming and ranching.
B) tourism.
C) housing for native Maori people.
D) wildlife preserves.

Question 45

Which statement is a likely explanation for the lack of indigenous land animals on New Zealand and other Pacific islands?

A) Diseases brought by European colonizers prevented land animals from gaining a foothold.
B) These islands had no natural sources of food and water to support wildlife.
C) The islands were never connected to Australia and New Guinea by a land bridge that would have allowed land animals to cross.
D) Tectonic activity would have exterminated any burgeoning forms of life.

Question 46

The dominant land use in Australia is:

A) agricultural production.
B) water reservoirs.
C) grazing of introduced domesticated animals.
D) grazing of indigenous species.

Question 47

The country whose indigenous population was devastated by environmental pollution wrought by the Ok Tedi Mine is:

A) Nauru.
B) Tonga.
C) Papua New Guinea.
D) Samoa.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT among Australia's main environmental problems?

A) nonnative species
B) nuclear waste spills
C) water scarcity
D) heavy dependence on coal

Question 49

According to the textbook,which of the following constitutes the major form of environmental pollution caused by Australian mining companies operating in Papua New Guinea?

A) dumping of mining waste in rivers
B) emissions from huge equipment
C) noise pollution,which has dislocated local populations of animals from their natural habitats
D) use of nuclear energy by the mining process

Question 50

The country that is home to 15 times as many sheep as people is:

A) Australia.
B) Tonga.
C) Papua New Guinea.
D) New Zealand.

Question 51

The huge indigenous bird that New Zealanders hunted to extinction was the:

A) ostrich.
B) moa.
C) kiwi.
D) emu.

Question 52

Which of the following is the dominant land use in Australia,consuming more than 15 percent of all land?

A) plantation agriculture
B) mineral mining
C) transportation
D) cattle and sheep grazing

Question 53

The original settlers of New Zealand were the:

A) English.
B) French.
C) Maori.
D) Chinese.

Question 54

The country decimated by strip-mining of phosphates that were the natural result of eons of bird droppings is:

A) Nauru.
B) the Solomon Islands.
C) Kiribati.
D) Tuvalu.

Question 55

All of the following are alternative sources of energy being used or developed in Oceania,EXCEPT:

A) wind energy.
B) solar energy.
C) nuclear energy.
D) geothermal energy.

Question 56

Which of the following terms describes most of the animal life of present-day New Zealand?

A) endemic
B) extinct
C) native
D) introduced

Question 57

Global warming in Oceania may result in all of the following,EXCEPT:

A) increased wildfires.
B) higher levels of human fertility.
C) coral bleaching.
D) stronger tropical storms.

Question 58

Humans first settled New Zealand about __________ years ago.

A) 10,000
B) 5000
C) 700
D) 500

Question 59

The U.S.state that is home to more of the country's threatened or endangered species than any other state is:

A) Florida.
B) California.
C) Maine.
D) Hawaii.

Question 60

New Zealand is most likely to reach its goal of producing 95 percent of its power from renewable resources by pursuing:

A) wind energy.
B) solar energy.
C) nuclear energy.
D) geothermal energy.

Question 61

The Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior was blown up by secret service from which of the following countries?

A) New Zealand
B) United States
C) France
D) Australia

Question 62

UNCLOS is based on the idea that:

A) tourism should be fostered in developing nations.
B) nuclear waste should be stored in the country that generated it.
C) communist nations should be supported in their drive toward democracy.
D) the problems of the world's oceans are interrelated and need to be addressed as a whole.

Question 63

The European country that had set up a lucrative Pacific trade route between Manila and Acapulco in the 1560s was:

A) Portugal.
B) Spain.
C) France.
D) Italy.

Question 64

Which country did NOT once own the mining companies that were responsible for environmental devastation in Nauru?

A) the United States
B) Germany
C) Japan
D) Australia

Question 65

Which of the following groups constitutes the longest surviving inhabitants of Oceania?

A) Aborigines
B) Boers
C) Mongols
D) Aryans

Question 66

The Pacific was formally divided among the colonial powers in:

A) the sixteenth century.
B) the seventeenth century.
C) the eighteenth century.
D) the nineteenth century.

Question 67

From what country did Austronesians originate?

A) India
B) Thailand
C) Austria
D) China

Question 68

The original settlers of Oceania are the:

A) Aborigines.
B) Melanesians.
C) Austronesians.
D) Polynesians.

Question 69

Which islands have NOT signed the Treaty of Rarotonga?

A) the Solomon Islands
B) the Marshall Islands
C) the Gilbert Islands
D) the Ellice Islands

Question 70

The first European explorer to encounter the Pacific peoples was:

A) Cortez.
B) Pizarro.
C) deSoto.
D) Magellan.

Question 71

Magellan claimed what is now the Philippines for which of the following colonial powers?

A) Spain
B) France
C) Italy
D) Portugal

Question 72

What term refers to the Pacific islands north of the equator and east of the Philippines?

A) Micronesia
B) Melanesia
C) Polynesia
D) Austronesia

Question 73

A large portion of Australia's British population is descended from:

A) pirates.
B) convicts.
C) royalty.
D) merchants.

Question 74

Australia's Aborigines migrated from:

A) South America.
B) Southeast Asia.
C) Mongolia.
D) New Zealand.

Question 75

The name Melanesia comes from:

A) the protective pigment found in the dark skin tones of its people
B) European colonization practices.
C) a lost language of the indigenous people.
D) the name of the god thought to protect the region.

Question 76

Early Polynesians subsisted on all of the following EXCEPT:

A) fishing.
B) hunting and gathering.
C) tourism.
D) cultivating the land.

Question 77

What did the 1986 Treaty of Rarotonga establish?

A) the maritime boundary between New Zealand and Papua New Guinea
B) the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone
C) the rules governing the use of the world's oceans
D) the political rights of the Maori

Question 78

What was established by the 1986 Treaty of Rarotonga?

A) the great dingo fence
B) the Oceania Free Trade Zone
C) the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone
D) the independence of Polynesia from France

Question 79

The Melanesians who arrived in what is today called Melanesia were emigrants from:

A) Southeast Asia.
B) Sundaland.
C) Gondwanaland.
D) Mongolia.

Question 80

The earliest recorded European contact with Pacific peoples occurred during what time period?

A) 1800s
B) 1100s
C) 1500s
D) 800s