Deck 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease

Question 1

The ____ plane,which is also known as the midline,divides the body into equal left and right halves

A) coronal
B) frontal
C) midsagittal
D) transverse

Answer 1

midsagittal

Question 2

Which term means toward the side?

A) distal
B) lateral
C) medial
D) proximal

Answer 2

lateral

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of the anatomic position?

A) extending the arms upward
B) bending the knees
C) standing up straight so the body is erect
D) turning the palms of the hands toward the back

Answer 3

standing up straight so the body is erect

Question 4

A transverse plane divides the body into ____ and inferior portions.

A) anterior
B) lateral
C) posterior
D) superior

Question 5

The term ____ is the opposite of anterior.

A) dorsal
B) posterior
C) superior
D) ventral

Question 6

A/An ____ divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

A) frontal plane
B) horizontal plane
C) sagittal plane
D) transverse plane

Question 7

____ has the specialized ability to contract and relax.

A) Adipose tissue
B) Dense connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nerve tissue

Question 8

The ____ body regions are located on the left and right sides and are covered by the lower ribs.

A) left and right epigastric
B) left and right hypochondriac
C) left and right iliac
D) left and right lumbar

Question 9

When a recessive gene for a disease is inherited from ____.

A) both parents,the offspring will have a 50-50 chance of developing that condition
B) both parents,the offspring will have that condition
C) only one parent,the offspring will have that condition
D) only one parent,the offspring will have a 50-50 chance of developing that condition

Question 10

Which term means the direction toward or nearer the midline?

A) distal
B) lateral
C) medial
D) sagittal

Question 11

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment are known as ____.

A) hematostasis
B) homeostasis
C) homestasis
D) homostasis

Question 12

A physician who specializes in the care of older people is known as a ____.

A) cardiologist
B) geriatrician
C) internist
D) obstetrician

Question 13

Which term means the study of the structure,composition,and function of tissues?

A) anatomy
B) histology
C) pathology
D) physiology

Question 14

The organs of reproduction are protected by the ____ cavity.

A) abdominal
B) dorsal
C) pelvic
D) ventral

Question 15

A/An ____ is acquired in a hospital or clinic setting.

A) iatrogenic illness
B) idiopathic disorder
C) functional disorder
D) nosocomial infection

Question 16

Which term describes a benign tumor formed from glandular tissue?

A) adenoma
B) adenomalacia
C) adenosclerosis
D) adenosis

Question 17

The term ____ describes the congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure,such as the anus,to be tubular.

A) anaplasia
B) aplasia
C) atresia
D) dysplasia

Question 18

Which condition is the abnormal development or growth of cells,tissues,or organs?

A) anaplasia
B) aplasia
C) dysplasia
D) hyperplasia

Question 19

Which term means toward the lower part of the body?

A) caudal
B) cephalic
C) distal
D) proximal

Question 20

Which term refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area,possibly worldwide?

A) endemic
B) epidemic
C) geodemic
D) pandemic

Question 21

The ____________________ system protects the body against invasion by bacteria.It also aids in regulating the body temperature and water content.

Question 22

____________________ glands,such as sweat glands,secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body.

Question 23

A/An ____________________ is a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.

Question 24

A/An ____ disorder,such as a panic attack,produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.

A) functional
B) infectious
C) idiopathic
D) organic

Question 25

____ is a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing.

A) Hemophilia
B) Huntington's disease
C) Phenylketonuria
D) Tay-Sachs

Question 26

An abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue is known as ____________________.

Question 27

Abnormal hardening of a gland is known as ____________________.

Question 28

A/An ____________________ is a specialist in the study of tissue organization at all levels.

Question 29

Protective padding,insulation,support,and a nutrient reserve are provided by ____________________ tissue.

Question 30

An inflammation of the peritoneum is known as ____________________.

Question 31

Which of these diseases is NOT spread by bloodborne transmission?

A) hepatitis B
B) human immunodeficiency virus
C) sexually transmitted diseases
D) tuberculosis

Question 32

The term ____________________ refers to the back of the organ or body.The opposite of this term is ventral.

Question 33

A/An ____________________ is a deviation from what is regarded as normal.

Question 34

The enlargement in the bulk of an organ that is not due to tumor formation is known as ____________________.

Question 35

Hormones are secreted by ____________________ glands.

Question 36

A genome is ____.

A) also known as a gamete
B) made up of 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs
C) the complete set of an individual's genetic information
D) the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell

Question 37

Blood and lymph are examples of ____________________ connective tissues.

Question 38

The ____________________ system filters blood to remove waste while maintaining the electrolyte and fluid balance within the body.

Question 39

The ____________________ system supports and shapes the body.It also protects the internal organs,forms some blood cells,and stores minerals.

Question 40

Which term means the study of the functions of body structures?

A) anatomy
B) cytology
C) histology
D) physiology

Question 41

The term inguinal,which means relating to the groin,refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen.

Question 42

A sagittal plane divides the body into unequal upper and lower portions.

Question 43

DNA is packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix.

Question 44

The distal end of the humerus (the bone of the upper arm)is located near the shoulder.

Question 45

The thoracic cavity surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.

Question 46

A postmortem (after death)examination is known as a/an ____________________.

Question 47

A ____________________ is a group of specialized epithelial cells that can produce secretions.

Question 48

____________________ syndrome is a genetic disorder that includes characteristic facial features,some degree of mental retardation,vision disorders,and other health problems.

Question 49

A gamete is the only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes.

Question 50

Hemophilia is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

Question 51

The epigastric region surrounds the umbilicus.

Question 52

The ____________________ region is located below the stomach.

Question 53

The surgical removal of a gland is known as a/an ____________________.

Question 54

The ____________________ cavity contains the organs of the digestive system.

Question 55

Each chromosome contains 46 genes.

Question 56

A/An ____________________ disorder is an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

Question 57

The study of the causes of diseases is known as ____________________.

Question 58

Anatomy means any deviation from what is regarded as normal.

Question 59

The study of how traits are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease is known as ____________________.

Question 60

The larynx is part of the ____________________ system.

Question 61

Quadrant means divided into six equal parts.

Question 62

Match each definition with the correct term.
adenoma

A)a benign tumor from recognizable glandular structures
B)abnormal hardening of a gland
C)abnormal softening of a gland
D)any disease condition of a gland
E)inflammation of a gland

Question 63

The mesentery attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

Question 64

The term retroperitoneal means located behind the peritoneum.

Question 65

Match each definition with the correct term.
adenosclerosis

A)a benign tumor from recognizable glandular structures
B)abnormal hardening of a gland
C)abnormal softening of a gland
D)any disease condition of a gland
E)inflammation of a gland

Question 66

Cytology is the study of the formation,structure,and function of cells.

Question 67

A genetic mutation is a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule.

Question 68

The dorsal cavity contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis.

Question 69

Freckles are a physical trait that is transmitted by a recessive gene.

Question 70

Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder causing nerve degeneration that can result in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities.

Question 71

Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ.

Question 72

Somatic cell mutation can be transmitted to the offspring.

Question 73

Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in the lungs.

Question 74

Match each definition with the correct term.
adenitis

A)a benign tumor from recognizable glandular structures
B)abnormal hardening of a gland
C)abnormal softening of a gland
D)any disease condition of a gland
E)inflammation of a gland

Question 75

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)is found only in gametes.

Question 76

Match each definition with the correct term.
adenosis

A)a benign tumor from recognizable glandular structures
B)abnormal hardening of a gland
C)abnormal softening of a gland
D)any disease condition of a gland
E)inflammation of a gland

Question 77

The umbilicus is also known as the belly button or navel.

Question 78

Stem cells can be harvested from the bone marrow of a newborn infant.

Question 79

The term proximal means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

Question 80

Match each definition with the correct term.
adenomalacia

A)a benign tumor from recognizable glandular structures
B)abnormal hardening of a gland
C)abnormal softening of a gland
D)any disease condition of a gland
E)inflammation of a gland