Deck 13: Effective Leadership Processes

Question 1

In one laboratory study,it was found that leadership style had a greater impact on group productivity than group productivity had on leadership style.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Conceptual analysis indicates that contextual factors may influence receptivity to transformational leadership tactics,and therefore they should be considered and accounted for when research is being conducted.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership,when the situation is moderately favorable or unfavorable,the authoritarian leader was most effective.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The extremely turbulent,adverse environment facing organizations today have led Bennis and Thomas to state that one of the most reliable indicators and predictors of true leadership is an individual's ability to find meaning in negative events.

Question 5

Charismatic leadership is a throwback to the old conception of leaders as being those who "by the force of their personal abilities are capable of having profound and extraordinary effects on followers."

Question 6

The results of the trait leadership theory were very encouraging,in that,other than the intelligence factor,a lot of other traits were found common universally.

Question 7

Professional orientation neutralizes instrumental/task leadership.

Question 8

Research indicates that charismatic leaders can only be portrayed as wonderful heroes.

Question 9

When the trait theory was applied to an organization,the results were found to be positive simply because all managers think they know what the qualities of a successful leader are.

Question 10

Barry Posner observes that in today's work environment,leaders need to be human.

Question 11

According to the path-goal theory,two of the situational factors that have been identified are the personal characteristics of associates and the social pressures and demands facing associates.

Question 12

An important by-product of the Iowa leadership studies was the insight that was gained into the productive behavior of an individual.

Question 13

The low-producing-section supervisors in the early Michigan leadership studies were significantly more likely to be general rather than close in their supervisory styles and be employee-centered.

Question 14

The leader who makes no decision at all in an unfavorable situation is probably better off than making a wrong decision.

Question 15

According to Bass,transactional leadership is a prescription for mediocrity and transformational leadership leads to superior performance in organizations facing demands for renewal and change.

Question 16

According to a Fortune article,"When you boil it all down,contemporary leadership seems to be a matter of aligning people toward common goals and empowering them to take the actions needed to reach them."

Question 17

The Ohio State studies recognized that leadership was synonymous with good leadership.

Question 18

Studies have found that leader directiveness is negatively related to satisfactions and expectancies of associates engaged in ambiguous tasks.

Question 19

For the same leader,research has shown that in-group associates report fewer difficulties in dealing with the leader and perceive the leader as being more responsive to their needs than out-group associates do.

Question 20

The trait approach is concerned mainly with identifying the personality traits of the leader.

Question 21

Phase four of the GLOBE project is based on phase three,in which universally perceived behaviors that impede or facilitate outstanding leadership were identified.

Question 22

Due to the emergence in popularity of this theory,the trait theory has resurfaced in recent times.

A) Two-factor theory
B) Needs theory
C) Big-Five theory
D) Multidimensional theory

Question 23

Positive psychologists refer to authenticity as both owning one's personal experiences and acting in accord with the true self.

Question 24

The experiments conducted in the Iowa studies were designed primarily to examine the patterns of _____ behavior.

A) responsible
B) aggressive
C) independent
D) cooperative

Question 25

According to Warren Bennis,one cannot be a great leader without great:

A) charisma.
B) influence.
C) authority.
D) followers.

Question 26

In the Iowa study experiments,which type of leadership climate actually produced the greatest number of aggressive acts from the group?

A) Laissez-faire
B) Authoritarian
C) Democratic
D) Authentic

Question 27

According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness,situational favorableness was described in terms of the:

A) leader-member relationship.
B) position of power distance.
C) follower's position power.
D) degree of team performance.

Question 28

The authentic developmental approach to leadership focuses on the positive (both personal and contextual)in getting to know and regulate one's self.

Question 29

Which was the one trait that was found to be holding up with a degree of consistency in the voluminous research study done during the formulation of the trait theory?

A) Anger
B) Motivation
C) Commitment
D) Intelligence

Question 30

Probably the only commonality between the various literatures about leadership is the role of:

A) charisma.
B) authority.
C) influence.
D) followers.

Question 31

The Ohio State factors have been identified as being task or goal orientation and recognition of _____ and relationships.

A) group needs
B) organizational needs
C) organizational goals
D) individual needs

Question 32

Besides the educational background of managers,class and family status also can have an influence.

Question 33

The specific question "what is leadership",through the three domains of leadership,answers which of the following?

A) Establishing and communicating vision,inspiring,instilling pride.
B) Building strong relationships with followers; mutual learning and accommodation.
C) Empowering,coaching,facilitating,giving up control.
D) Appropriate behavior of the person in the leader role.

Question 34

Identify the specific characteristic of a manager as compared to a leader.

A) A manager does things right
B) A manager is an original
C) A manager focuses on people
D) A manager innovates

Question 35

Institutional collectivism is the degree to which individuals express pride,loyalty,and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.

Question 36

One of the competencies that is related to leadership effectiveness helps ideas to be generated which help the company to survive and thrive.Identify it.

A) Leadership motivation
B) Knowledge of the business
C) Intelligence
D) Self-confidence

Question 37

Which of the following theories says that leaders treat individual followers differently?

A) Leader-member exchange
B) Contingency theory
C) Trait theory
D) Human relations theory

Question 38

According to Graen and Uhl-Bien,which of the following is a stage that LMX has evolved through?

A) The discovery of undifferentiated dyads
B) The aggregation of differentiated dyadic relations to group and individual levels
C) The description of individual partnership building
D) The investigation of characteristics of LMX relationships and their organizational implications/outcomes

Question 39

Correlating the Big Five and the trait theory,identify among the following personality traits,the one that had the highest average correlation with leader emergence and leadership effectiveness.

A) Extraversion
B) Conscientiousness
C) Openness to experience
D) Neuroticism

Question 40

This leader is very effective in both highly favorable and highly unfavorable situations.

A) Authoritarian leader
B) Authentic leader
C) Democratic leader
D) Laissez-faire leader

Question 41

According to the book,the personal values held by a manager influence all of the following except:

A) his/her perception of a situation.
B) influence the analysis of alternative solutions to a problem.
C) affect the ultimate decision made by the leader.
D) influence his/her style of communication.

Question 42

Among the following countries,in which one is it possible for a manager to come from any college and still have the opportunity to excel?

A) France
B) Japan
C) The United States
D) Korea

Question 43

According to Kerr and Jermier's substitutes and neutralizers for leadership,which among the following can be considered as an organization characteristic that can neutralize for instrumental and supportive leadership?

A) Low position power of leader
B) Inflexibility
C) Cohesive work groups
D) Formalization

Question 44

In which type of leadership,identified by the path-goal theory,does the leader ask for and uses suggestions from associates but still makes the decision?

A) Supportive leadership
B) Participative leadership
C) Directive leadership
D) Achievement-oriented leadership

Question 45

Fiedler's model suggests that an effective leader in highly unfavorable situations would be characterized by all of the following except:

A) would take charge of the situation.
B) makes decisions that need to be made to accomplish the task.
C) makes the decisions keeping in mind everybody's happiness.
D) makes the decisions without asking for input.

Question 46

According to Kerr and Jermier's substitutes and neutralizers for leadership,which of the following is an example that will substitute for instrumental/task leadership?

A) Teachers.
B) Musicians.
C) Professors.
D) Accountants.

Question 47

Gandhi,Eleanor Roosevelt,and Nelson Mandela would all be striking examples of which type of leadership?

A) Authentic
B) Supportive
C) Participative
D) Democratic

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of an unethical charismatic leader?

A) Considers and learns from criticism
B) Stimulates followers to think independently and to question the leader's view
C) Relies on internal moral standards to satisfy organizational and societal interests
D) Uses power only for personal gain or impact

Question 49

According to Fiedler's model,the implication is that in general,this style of leadership would be most effective in managing human resources in the large majority of organizational situations.

A) Democratic
B) Laissez-faire
C) Authentic
D) Authoritarian

Question 50

According to Kerr and Jermier's substitutes and neutralizers for leadership,which among the following can be considered as the task characteristic that can substitute for supportive leadership?

A) Structured task
B) Routine task
C) Feedback within the task
D) Intrinsically satisfying task

Question 51

Avolio observes that transformational leaders are characterized by:

A) passive management-by-exception.
B) abdicating responsibilities.
C) collectivized consideration.
D) intellectual stimulation.

Question 52

Which of the following types of employees do not particularly care about organizational rewards and will neutralize both supportive/relationship and instrumental/task leadership attempts?

A) Software engineers
B) Professors
C) Craftspersons
D) Teachers

Question 53

According to Kerr and Jermier's substitutes and neutralizers for leadership,which among the following can be considered as an organization characteristic that can substitute for instrumental leadership?

A) Formalization
B) Inflexibility
C) Leader physically isolated from subordinates
D) Low position power of leader

Question 54

Most of the research on transformational leadership to date has relied on Bass and Avolio's:

A) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire.
B) Authentic Leadership Questionnaire.
C) Situational Leadership Questionnaire.
D) Management Styles Questionnaire.

Question 55

In a major study at a manufacturing organization,it was found that this style of leadership was the most effective on associates where they were involved in nonrepetitive,ego-involving tasks.

A) Supportive leadership
B) Directive leadership
C) Participative leadership
D) Achievement-oriented leadership

Question 56

The authentic leadership theory proposed in the text is the first to treat leadership as both a developmental process and _____ centered on authenticity.

A) perception
B) quality
C) product
D) mechanism

Question 57

Using the four styles contingent on the situational factors,the path-goal theory results in leaders motivating associates by all of the following ways except:

A) increasing personal payoffs to associates for work-goal attainment.
B) making the path to personal payoffs easier to travel by coaching and direction.
C) recognizing and/or arousing associates' needs for outcomes over which leader has total control.
D) reducing frustration barriers.

Question 58

Which of the following is an example for tasks that are highly structured and automatically provide feedback substitute for instrumental/task leadership,and those that are intrinsically satisfying and do not need supportive/relationship leadership?

A) Software engineers
B) Professors
C) Teachers
D) Musicians

Question 59

Indifference toward organizational rewards:

A) substitutes for instrumental and supportive leadership.
B) neutralizes instrumental and supportive leadership.
C) substitutes for instrumental leadership only.
D) substitutes for supportive leadership only.

Question 60

Which of the following observations about charismatic leadership is true?

A) Situations that promote charismatic leadership include crisis requiring passive change.
B) Conger and Kanungo treat charisma as an attributional phenomenon and propose that it varies with the situation.
C) Situations that promote charismatic leadership include followers who are satisfied with the status quo.
D) Bass suggests that charismatic leadership is really just a component of the broader-based transactional leadership.

Question 61

Describe the authentic leadership development process and product.

Question 62

What are the ethical characteristics of charismatic leaders?

Question 63

During phase four of the GLOBE process,the researchers' goal was to answer all of the following questions except:

A) are there any universally effective leader behaviors?
B) is there a relationship between the intensity of the strongly held culturally endorsed preferences and the resultant application of it in leadership?
C) what types of consistent specific preferences for leader behaviors are present across cultures?
D) what are the effects of violating strongly held culturally endorsed preferences for leader behaviors?

Question 64

Gives examples of possible substitutes and neutralizers.

Question 65

Briefly summarize the findings of the Ohio State Leadership studies.

Question 66

How do personal values potentially contribute to differences in effective leader processes across cultures?

Question 67

What are the important contributions of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness?

Question 68

What is the path-goal theory of leadership? How does it differ from Fiedler's contingency model?

Question 69

According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness,what are the three dimensions of situational favorableness?

Question 70

Briefly summarize the leader-member exchange (LMX)model.

Question 71

Discuss the major differences between transactional leaders and transformational leaders.

Question 72

Which among the following has been identified to generally always impede outstanding leadership?

A) Charismatic leadership
B) Humane leadership
C) Self-protective leadership
D) Autonomous leadership

Question 73

As part of the second phase of the GLOBE process,hypotheses were developed regarding the relationships among various societal dimensions,_____ dimensions,and the culturally endorsed implicit theories that had been identified.

A) environmental
B) physical
C) psychological
D) organizational

Question 74

What are the major cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE researchers that differentiate societies and organizations?

Question 75

One of cultural dimensions indicated by the GLOBE research describes the extent to which a society,organization,or groups rely on rules,norms,and procedures to alleviate the unpredictability of future events.Identify it.

A) Uncertainty avoidance
B) In-Group collectivism
C) Future orientation
D) Performance orientation

Question 76

How do the "Big Five" personality traits relate to effective leaders?

Question 77

What are some of the competencies that are related to leadership effectiveness?

Question 78

The findings from the GLOBE team indicate that there are six leader attributes and behaviors that are viewed as contributing to leadership in various cultures.Which among the following is not one of them?

A) Group-protecting
B) Humane-oriented
C) Charismatic/value-based
D) Autonomous

Question 79

Review the Iowa leadership studies.

Question 80

Define authentic leadership.