Deck 48: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Research on ________ shows that our environment can affect whether a gene is expressed,thus impacting the development of psychological disorders.

A) cultural influences
B) the medical model
C) epigenetics
D) the stress of childbirth

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by

A) social circumstances.
B) inner psychological dynamics.
C) genetic predispositions and physiological states.
D) all of these factors.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Mental health workers are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is

A) consciously motivated.
B) difficult to change.
C) biologically influenced.
D) personally distressful.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following disorders most clearly occurs worldwide?

A) depression
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) susto
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 5

A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize

A) the distinction between consciously and unconsciously motivated substance abuse.
B) the similarities between substance abuse disorders and personality disorders.
C) the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse.
D) that substance abuse is simply a lifestyle choice and not a psychological disorder.

Question 6

An intense fear of heights is NOT considered to be a psychological disorder unless it

A) can be reduced with prescription drugs.
B) is a classically conditioned response.
C) interferes with effective functioning.
D) results from a genetic predisposition.

Question 7

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-5 in order to ________ various psychological disorders.

A) cure
B) prevent
C) explain
D) identify

Question 8

Mira claims that alcohol use disorder is a disease that,like pneumonia,can be cured or prevented with proper treatment.Her belief is most clearly consistent with

A) the biopsychosocial approach.
B) epigenetics.
C) the medical model.
D) the social-cognitive approach.

Question 9

To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting the

A) biopsychosocial approach.
B) learning approach.
C) social-cognitive approach.
D) medical model.

Question 10

Successive editions of the ________ have provided guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.

A) OCD
B) DSM
C) ADHD
D) PTSD

Question 11

Dr.Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes,mood-related perceptions,and cultural definitions of normality and disorder.The doctor's emphasis best illustrates

A) the learning approach.
B) a biopsychosocial approach.
C) the medical model.
D) the DSM-5.

Question 12

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as

A) epigenetics.
B) a social-cultural approach.
C) the medical model.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 13

Maria has had the symptoms of anorexia since her teens.In which country is Maria LEAST likely to live?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) England
D) Japan

Question 14

Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is

A) personally dysfunctional.
B) socially unacceptable.
C) ethically unjustifiable.
D) unconsciously motivated.

Question 15

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)was the first to promote ________ for psychological disorders,instead of the brutal treatments used during his time.

A) moral treatment
B) a biopsychosocial approach
C) transfusions of animal blood
D) trephination

Question 16

Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on

A) psychological disorders.
B) personality traits.
C) natural selection.
D) gene expression.

Question 17

Personally distressing thoughts,feelings,and behaviors are considered to be symptoms of a psychological disorder if they are

A) unusual.
B) dysfunctional.
C) biologically influenced.
D) unusually motivated.

Question 18

Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as

A) deviant.
B) antisocial.
C) dysfunctional.
D) epigenetic.

Question 19

In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures,we are providing evidence for

A) epigenetics.
B) the medical model.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) the DSM-5.

Question 20

Juan immigrated to the United States from a small village in Colombia,and the change has caused Juan to become extremely anxious and restless.Juan believes these symptoms are a result of someone from his old village using black magic against him.Juan is likely to say that he is suffering from

A) taijin-kyofusho.
B) susto.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) amok.

Question 21

Supporters of today's increasing diagnosis of ADHD have noted that

A) an increased use of stimulant drugs such as Ritalin has increased the incidence of ADHD symptoms.
B) ADHD is a real neurobiological disorder whose existence should no longer be debated.
C) depressant drugs that reduce violent behaviors offer the best hope for reducing the incidence of ADHD symptoms.
D) motivated students without ADHD symptoms can also profit from prescription drugs for ADHD.

Question 22

Field trials assessing clinician agreement when using the new DSM-5 categories indicate that diagnoses of adult posttraumatic stress disorder fared ________and diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder fared ________.

A) well;well
B) poorly;poorly
C) well;poorly
D) poorly;well

Question 23

Which of the following medications is most frequently prescribed for the treatment of ADHD?

A) Prozac
B) Atavan
C) Xanax
D) Adderall

Question 24

In a study by David Rosenhan,researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of

A) the medical model.
B) field studies.
C) the biopsychosocial approach.
D) diagnostic labels.

Question 25

One diagnostic change introduced by the DSM-5 is that prolonged grief following a loved one's death can now be diagnosed as

A) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) panic disorder.
D) a depressive disorder.

Question 26

There is controversy over whether energetic children who have difficulty sitting quietly for hours in chairs inside too frequently receive a diagnosis of

A) DSM.
B) OCD.
C) PTSD.
D) ADHD.

Question 27

Which of the following is FALSE about ADHD?

A) Psychological therapies help with the distress of ADHD.
B) ADHD is heritable.
C) More adults are given the diagnosis of ADHD than children.
D) Male children are the most likely to be labeled with the diagnosis.

Question 28

The ________ established the RDoC as an approach to the classification of psychological disorders that will complement the DSM-5.

A) U.S.National Institute of Mental Health
B) American Psychiatric Association
C) American Psychological Association
D) medical model

Question 29

Marshall has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Because this disorder is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5,

A) Marshall's mother will know the real cause of his difficult behavior.
B) the therapist will be able to suggest appropriate treatment.
C) Marshall will be overmedicated.
D) Marshall's mother will be able to join support groups.

Question 30

Some of the new diagnoses in the DSM-5 concern many physicians and mental health workers because

A) they disagree with the medical model.
B) the cost of revising the names of disorders is excessive.
C) they fear it will extend the pathologizing of everyday life.
D) people who have become accustomed to certain categories will be reluctant to learn new ones.

Question 31

To facilitate diagnostic reliability,the DSM-5 typically bases diagnoses on

A) chemical analyses of blood and urine samples.
B) biopsychosocial factors.
C) detailed diagnostic criteria and codes.
D) all of these factors.

Question 32

Which of the following disorders was added in the revisions that led to the DSM-5?

A) autism spectrum disorder
B) hoarding disorder
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 33

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic.Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D) panic disorder.

Question 34

The ________ aims to bring "the power of modern research approaches in genetics,neuroscience,and behavioral science" to the study of psychological disorders.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) World Health Organization
C) American Psychological Association's Publication Manual
D) Research Domain Criteria project

Question 35

Many clinicians diagnose disorders by using the detailed diagnostic criteria and codes in the

A) OCD.
B) DSM-5.
C) PTSD.
D) ADHD.

Question 36

Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD to

A) genetic influences.
B) a high-sugar diet.
C) low-quality schools.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 37

ADHD is most clearly characterized by

A) delusions.
B) distractibility.
C) hallucinations.
D) violent behavior.

Question 38

In the DSM-5,a condition formerly known as mental retardation is now labeled

A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) intellectual disability.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 39

The most likely people to be diagnosed with ADHD are

A) children.
B) adolescents.
C) young adults.
D) older adults.

Question 40

Individuals are most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of

A) 1 and 3.
B) 4 and 17.
C) 18 and 29.
D) 30 and 42.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is true?

A) Studies have found that those with severe psychological disorders are more likely to be violent toward others.
B) Studies have found that those with psychological disorders are more likely than those without a psychological disorder to be a victim of crime.
C) Focusing gun restrictions only on mentally ill people will likely reduce gun violence.
D) Those with psychological disorders are much more prone to random violent crime than others.

Question 42

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments.He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates.Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

A) DID.
B) OCD.
C) PTSD.
D) ADHD.

Question 43

Which of the following is a better predictor of violence than simply having a psychological disorder?

A) the use of alcohol or drugs
B) having a history of previous violence
C) gun availability
D) all of these factors

Question 44

Mental disorders ________ lead to violence and clinical prediction of violence is ________.

A) usually do;highly reliable
B) usually do;unreliable
C) usually do not;highly reliable
D) usually do not;unreliable

Question 45

Stephanie is now 40 years old and suffers from major depressive disorder.She remembers a time in her life when she did not have the disorder.At what age did she likely develop the disorder?

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 25

Question 46

The U.S.National Institute of Mental Health has estimated that just over 1 in ________ adult Americans currently have a "mental,behavioral,or emotional disorder currently or have had one within the past year."

A) 10
B) 125
C) 5
D) 1000

Question 47

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories,evolutionary processes,and gender roles is most clearly provided by

A) field trials.
B) a biopsychosocial approach.
C) the medical model.
D) the learning perspective.

Question 48

After Anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder,she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity.This best illustrates the

A) value of the psychoanalytic perspective.
B) shortcomings of the medical model.
C) unreliability of the DSM-5.
D) biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Question 49

Which of the following psychological disorders was reported by more people in the United States in 2015?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) social anxiety disorder

Question 50

Which of the following people is LEAST likely to commit a violent crime?

A) Jessica,who has a history of violence
B) Brandon,who is angry and has access to a loaded gun
C) Sam,who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder
D) John,who is intoxicated.

Question 51

After conducting 90-minute interviews of thousands of people,the World Health Organization estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 28 countries.Which area had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders?

A) United States
B) Nigeria
C) Italy
D) Belgium

Question 52

The diagnostic labels provided by the DSM-5 help mental health professionals to do all of the following EXCEPT

A) communicate the characteristics of their patients' symptoms.
B) predict who is susceptible to a psychological disorder.
C) communicate with other mental health care professionals using a standard label that other professionals understand.
D) help decide on appropriate treatment.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is FALSE?

A) The DSM-5 provides a diagnostic classification for psychological disorders.
B) The DSM-5 provides a common language to diagnose and label mental disorders.
C) The DSM-5 is of little practical value to mental health workers because it does not predict the future course of a disorder.
D) The DSM-5 describes the specific criteria that must be met in order for a mental health professional to diagnose a particular mental disorder.

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of the immigrant paradox?

A) Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder than people who have recently immigrated from Mexico to the United States.
B) Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at decreased risk of mental disorder than people who have recently immigrated from Mexico to the United States.
C) Nigeria has the greatest percentage of people with any mental disorder.
D) Nigeria has the smallest percentage of people with any mental disorder.

Question 55

If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile,they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility.This illustrates the dangers of

A) the medical model.
B) epigenetics.
C) self-fulfilling prophecies.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 56

An intense fear of spiders isn't considered a psychological disorder unless

A) it is unconsciously motivated.
B) it is a learned response.
C) it is a genetically inherited reaction.
D) it interferes with normal day-to-day life.

Question 57

Tim has suffered from antisocial personality disorder for as long as he can remember.At what age did he likely develop the disorder?

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 20

Question 58

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

A) field studies.
B) diagnostic labels.
C) the medical model.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 59

The few people with psychological disorders who do commit violent acts tend to be those who

A) suffer persistent sleep deprivation,or those diagnosed with agoraphobia.
B) experience threatening delusions and hallucinated voices that command them to act,have suffered a financial crisis or lost relationship,or abuse substances.
C) exhibit two or more distinct and alternating personalities,or those who experience panic attacks.
D) experience free-floating anxiety,or those with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 60

The symptoms of ________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ________.

A) antisocial personality disorder;schizophrenia
B) major depressive disorder;bipolar disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder;phobias
D) major depression;alcohol use disorder

Question 61

The first person to promote "moral treatment" for psychological disorders,instead of the brutal treatments used during his time,was

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Philippe Pinel.
C) David Rosenhan.
D) Lee Robins.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a good predictor of violent behavior?

A) engaging in previous violence
B) access to guns
C) alcohol or drug use
D) having a psychological disorder

Question 63

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of evil spirits or demon possession is that these explanations

A) were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia.
B) encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity.
C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.
D) relieved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.

Question 64

Rebecca often interrupts her parents while they are speaking and regularly forgets to do her daily chores.She also has difficulty playing nicely with her siblings.Rebecca is demonstrating symptoms of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) autism spectrum disorder.
D) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 65

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient,they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive,dependent type" and "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study best illustrated the

A) value of epigenetics.
B) unreliability of the DSM-5.
C) biasing power of diagnostic labels.
D) shortcomings of psychopathology.

Question 66

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance

A) that is aggressive,persistent,and intentional.
B) that is selfish,habitual,and avoidable.
C) in a person's cognitions,emotion regulation,or behaviors.
D) that is biologically influenced,unconsciously motivated,and difficult to change.

Question 67

At one time,disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums.These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders.This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of

A) the biopsychosocial approach.
B) the DSM-5.
C) the medical model.
D) epigenetics.

Question 68

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's thoughts,emotion regulation,or behaviors is most clearly an indication of

A) epigenetics.
B) trauma.
C) learned helplessness.
D) a psychological disorder.

Question 69

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends.This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

A) also noticeable in other members of her family.
B) preventing her from functioning effectively.
C) not caused by a biological disorder.
D) difficult for her to change.

Question 70

Psychological disorders consist of emotions,behavior,and cognitive processes that are all of the following except

A) maladaptive.
B) dysfunctional.
C) that they interfere with daily functioning.
D) immoral.

Question 71

Research has found that those who are impoverished are at an increased risk of developing a psychological disorder.Which best describes the relationship between poverty and psychological disorders?

A) Poverty causes psychological disorders.
B) Psychological disorders cause poverty.
C) Either poverty or psychological disorders may be a cause or an effect of the other.
D) Research cannot make this determination.

Question 72

The most common tool for classifying psychological disorders is known as

A) epigenetics.
B) the medical model.
C) the DSM-5.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 73

Which of the following was eliminated from the list of disorders in 1973?

A) amok
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C) homosexuality
D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 74

The removal of homosexuality as a psychological disorder demonstrates the

A) maladaptive nature of the disorder.
B) power of shifting societal beliefs.
C) stigma associated with the disorder.
D) increased prevalence of the disorder.

Question 75

Immigrants to the United States from Mexico average ________ mental health than Mexican-Americans born in the United States.Immigrants to the United States from Asia average ________ mental health than Asian-Americans born in the United States.

A) better;poorer
B) poorer;better
C) better;better
D) poorer;poorer

Question 76

Last week,Becky read that labels can bias perceptions,so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems.If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits,you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to

A) communicate about their clients.
B) study the underlying causes of psychological problems.
C) choose the most effective course of treatment.
D) do all of these things.

Question 77

In 1973,the American Psychiatric Association discontinued classifying homosexuality as a disorder because mental health workers no longer considered same-sex attraction as inherently

A) stress-related.
B) dysfunctional.
C) compulsive.
D) illegal.

Question 78

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of

A) the biopsychosocial approach.
B) the medical model.
C) the DSM-5.
D) epigenetics.

Question 79

Brad has problems with extreme mood swings.His behavior has produced interpersonal,family,and occupational problems.Brad likely has

A) a psychological disorder.
B) hormonal problems.
C) a moral problem.
D) epigenetics.

Question 80

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive,which means that they

A) interfere with normal day-to-day life.
B) are socially unacceptable.
C) differ from those of most other people in your culture.
D) can result only from genetic changes.