Deck 15: Other Senses

Question 1

The term puberty refers to the period of

A) formal operations and the development of conventional morality.
B) late adolescence when self-identity is formed.
C) rapid physical development and the onset of reproductive capability.
D) sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Who analyzed people's answers to moral dilemmas for evidence of different stages of moral reasoning?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Walter Mischel
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following phases of development extends from the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood?

A) puberty
B) adolescence
C) menarche
D) emerging adulthood

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Like Piaget,Kohlberg emphasized that children's moral judgments build on their

A) cognitive development.
B) social development.
C) physical development.
D) economic development.

Question 5

Which theory would most likely suggest that children often take turns passing and shooting a basketball because they want to avoid having others angry at them,whereas adolescents often do so because they want to play the game the way it's supposed to be played?

A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory
C) Haidt's intuitionist theory
D) Kohlberg's moral development theory

Question 6

Vincent's ability to reason hypothetically in his geometry class indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.

A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 7

Formal operational thought is MOST necessary for the development of ________ morality.

A) preoperational
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 8

"If you're really concerned about the rights and dignity of women," Yigal asked his older brother,"how can you justify buying pornographic magazines?" Yigal's question indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.

A) formal operational
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) concrete operational

Question 9

According to Kohlberg,morality based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ________ stage.

A) preconventional
B) preoperational
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Question 10

Increased levels of body fat in females has been suggested as partially responsible for an early onset of

A) postconventional morality.
B) formal operational thinking.
C) generativity.
D) puberty.

Question 11

During their early teen years,girls who are more physically mature than most other girls their age are most likely to experience higher-than-average levels of

A) conventional morality.
B) formal operational thinking.
C) sexual harassment.
D) role confusion.

Question 12

The physical changes associated with puberty are typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of major sexual maturation milestones.

A) the sequence but not the age-related timing
B) both the sequence and the age-related timing
C) neither the sequence nor the age-related timing
D) the age-related timing but not the sequence

Question 13

The improved judgment and impulse control that occur as adolescents grow older is made possible by the maturation of the

A) thalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) frontal lobes.
D) limbic system.

Question 14

A student who does not cheat on tests because he doesn't want to violate classroom rules is in Kohlberg's ________ stage.

A) preconventional
B) preoperational
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Question 15

According to Kohlberg,morality based simply on your own self-interest represents ________ morality.

A) concrete operational
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Question 16

Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade class?

A) Helmut,who is the tallest boy in the class
B) Jeff,who is the statistician for the basketball team
C) Hara,who is below average in height and physical maturity
D) Sally,who is the most sexually mature girl in the class

Question 17

G.Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of

A) identity verses role confusion.
B) intimacy versus loneliness.
C) storm and stress.
D) integrity and despair.

Question 18

Boys who are stronger and more athletic during their early teen years tend to be ________ independent and ________ at risk for alcohol use and delinquency.

A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less

Question 19

Jake is a senior in high-school and is planning his college career.He has picked a major,selected several universities to apply to,and has a list of scholarships he would like to apply for as well.He would also like to live on campus his freshman year.His ability to make these long-term plans is in part the responsibility of

A) pubertal development.
B) selective pruning of neurons.
C) limbic system development.
D) frontal lobe development and myelination.

Question 20

Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does.Henry's thinking best represents a ________ morality.

A) conventional
B) preconventional
C) concrete operational
D) postconventional

Question 21

Emily passes up the small pleasure of eating a high-calorie dessert for the greater satisfaction of achieving her dieting goals in the upcoming month.Emily best illustrates

A) postconventional morality.
B) role confusion.
C) an intuitionist perspective.
D) delay of gratification.

Question 22

On the quest to identity formation,adolescents in industrialist cultures

A) try different selves in different situations.
B) are concerned mostly with their self-image.
C) contemplate their own self-concept.
D) experiment with self-expression.

Question 23

Much of our psychological reasoning occurs on the "low road" of automatic unconscious thinking.This is best illustrated by our

A) concrete operations.
B) moral intuitions.
C) formal operations.
D) postconventional morality.

Question 24

Jessie acts one way when she is with her friends and a different way when she is at home with her family.This is normal.Jessie is

A) trying different selves in different situations.
B) concerned mostly with her self-image.
C) contemplating her own self-concept.
D) experimenting with self-expression.

Question 25

Killing one person to save five by throwing a switch that diverts a runaway trolley is judged as more morally acceptable than killing one person to save five by pushing a stranger directly into the path of the oncoming trolley.This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect

A) postconventional reasoning.
B) gut-level intuitions.
C) social identity.
D) formal operational thought.

Question 26

Preconventional morality is to postconventional morality as ________ is to ________.

A) caring relationship;ethical principles
B) self-interest;social approval
C) social approval;self-interest
D) self-interest;ethical principles

Question 27

Piaget is to cognitive development as Erikson is to ________ development.

A) moral
B) physical
C) emotional
D) psychosocial

Question 28

According to Erikson,adolescents who are unable to develop a sense of identity experience

A) postconventional morality.
B) role confusion.
C) delay of gratification.
D) an intuitionist perspective.

Question 29

According to Erikson,infancy is to trust as adolescence is to

A) autonomy.
B) identity.
C) generativity.
D) integrity.

Question 30

According to Erikson,committing oneself to meaningful social roles would be most indicative of the achievement of

A) autonomy.
B) competence.
C) initiative.
D) identity.

Question 31

Lolita vacillates between acting rebellious toward her parents and high school teachers and behaving with compliance and respect.Erikson would have suggested that Lolita's inconsistency illustrates

A) delay of gratification.
B) role confusion.
C) a pruning process.
D) dual processing.

Question 32

The thought of eating boiled dog meat is so emotionally disgusting to Caitlin that she is immediately sure it must be morally wrong.Her reaction is best explained in terms of

A) Piaget's cognitive development perspective.
B) Erikson's psychosocial perspective.
C) Haidt's intuitionist perspective.
D) Kohlberg's moral development perspective.

Question 33

Young children who more consistently delayed gratification in Mischel's classic marshmallow tests are best described as more

A) socially dependent.
B) self-controlled.
C) anxious.
D) self-disclosing.

Question 34

Children who ________ are especially likely to be academically successful.

A) experience early pubertal maturation
B) exhibit moral intuition
C) are able to delay gratification
D) demonstrate preconventional morality

Question 35

According to Erikson,late adulthood is to integrity as young adulthood is to

A) autonomy.
B) initiative.
C) intimacy.
D) identity.

Question 36

Giving up immediate rewards to achieve longer-term goals is called

A) postconventional morality.
B) a pruning process.
C) delay of gratification.
D) formal operational thought.

Question 37

Kohlberg's critics have noted that a postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found among people who value

A) individualism.
B) moral intuitions.
C) concrete operations.
D) simple equality rather than equity.

Question 38

Ismael has switched his college major several times while trying to figure out what kind of work he might like to do.Erikson would have suggested that Ismael lacks

A) identity.
B) initiative.
C) autonomy.
D) competence.

Question 39

The children who demonstrated delay of gratification in Mischel's classic marshmallow test had ________ college completion rates and ________ often suffered addiction problems.

A) lower;less
B) higher;less
C) higher;more
D) lower;more

Question 40

Which perspective emphasizes that automatic feelings often precede and influence our moral reasoning?

A) Kohlberg's moral development perspective
B) Haidt's intuitionist perspective
C) Piaget's cognitive development perspective
D) Erikson's psychosocial perspective

Question 41

Fifteen-year-old Samantha has just experienced her first menstrual period.Her mother is concerned about her daughter's late menstruation.Based on what you know about pubertal development,how would you respond to her mother?

A) "I understand.Most girls start puberty when they are 10 years old."
B) "She's fine.She will experience breast buds and visible pubic hair next."
C) "I would suggest taking her to the doctor.The timing of puberty is predictable and she is late."
D) "Don't worry about it.The timing of puberty is not as predictable as the sequence of physical changes."

Question 42

Compared with a century ago,in the United States today people are likely to

A) establish their adult careers at an earlier age.
B) marry for the first time at a later age.
C) live separately from their parents at an earlier age.
D) experience their first menstrual period at a later age.

Question 43

When researchers sampled the daily experiences of American teens,they found them to be unhappiest when they were

A) alone.
B) with siblings.
C) with friends.
D) with parents.

Question 44

Which of the following helps explain why the U.S.government now allows dependent children up to age 26 to remain on their parents' health insurance?

A) the entrance into young adulthood
B) trends associated with emerging adulthood
C) the time frame of late adolescence
D) the possibility of extended adolescence

Question 45

Adolescents and their parents are most likely to have disagreements regarding

A) religious beliefs.
B) career choices.
C) college choices.
D) homework.

Question 46

When surrounded by men,a woman may become mindful of her gender because ________ often forms around one's distinctiveness.

A) social identity
B) moral intuition
C) intimacy
D) a sense of competence

Question 47

The speed of neurotransmission in the frontal lobe increases during adolescence due to the growth of

A) myelin.
B) social identity.
C) the pituitary gland.
D) the limbic system.

Question 48

Parent-child conflict during the transition to adolescence tends to be ________ with first-born rather than second-born children.The conflict tends to be ________ between children and their mothers than between children and their fathers.

A) greater;stronger
B) smaller;weaker
C) greater;weaker
D) smaller;stronger

Question 49

Erikson suggested that the capacity to form close,loving relationships in young adulthood depended on

A) demonstrating generativity.
B) developing a sense of integrity.
C) mastering formal operational thinking.
D) achieving a sense of identity.

Question 50

Allowing 26-year-olds to remain on their parents' health insurance illustrates an increasing recognition of a phase of life called

A) adolescence.
B) the formal operational stage.
C) emerging adulthood.
D) puberty.

Question 51

Mark is taking a year off after high school before starting college.He lives with his parents and is working full time so he can save enough money to attend college the following year.He is a(n)

A) young adult.
B) emerging adult.
C) late adolescent.
D) extended adolescent.

Question 52

Brain scans of young teens reveal that ________ immaturity is most evident among juvenile offenders and drug users.

A) brainstem
B) frontal lobe
C) pituitary
D) limbic system

Question 53

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him.Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n)________ morality.

A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 54

According to Erik Erikson,a sense of _________ is formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

A) identity
B) initiative
C) basic trust
D) object permanence

Question 55

Which of the following is true of adolescence today as compared with a century ago?

A) Menarche occurs later in life,and adult independence occurs later in life.
B) Menarche occurs earlier in life,and adult independence occurs earlier in life.
C) Menarche occurs later in life,and adult independence occurs earlier in life.
D) Menarche occurs earlier in life,and adult independence occurs later in life.

Question 56

Adolescents who have been bullied by their peers are at increased risk of reduced physical health and

A) delayed gratification.
B) postconventional morality.
C) psychological distress.
D) excessive online texting.

Question 57

Casey is a college student who lives with her parents and commutes to her classes.She works a part-time job to help cover her phone bill and college expenses.She is a(n)

A) young adult.
B) emerging adult.
C) late adolescent.
D) extended adolescent.

Question 58

As individuals progress through their teen years into early adulthood,their self-esteem typically becomes

A) less personalized and unique.
B) more fluid and changeable.
C) less integrated.
D) more positive.

Question 59

According to Erikson,Lucinda's sense of who she is and where she's going increases her chances of moving on to the next stage of

A) autonomy.
B) basic trust.
C) intimacy.
D) integrity.

Question 60

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral.This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect

A) stranger anxiety.
B) delay of gratification.
C) affectively laden intuitions.
D) formal operations.

Question 61

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people.Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 62

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by

A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C) Kohlberg's moral development theory.
D) the Harlows' attachment theory.

Question 63

Menarche is a maturational milestone most directly associated with

A) postconventional morality.
B) dual processing.
C) role confusion.
D) puberty.

Question 64

People experience rapid physical development and sexual maturation

A) during late adolescence.
B) at puberty.
C) when the frontal lobe matures.
D) during emerging adulthood.

Question 65

The period of sexual maturation,during which a person becomes capable of reproducing,is called

A) the formal operational stage.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) pruning.
D) puberty.

Question 66

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________,and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

A) online communication habits;college choices
B) dating practices;religious faith
C) bedtime preferences;political views
D) career choices;clothing preferences

Question 67

Who was the first psychologist to describe adolescence?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Jean Piaget
D) G.Stanley Hall

Question 68

During adolescence,maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the ________.

A) brainstem;pituitary
B) pituitary;brainstem
C) limbic system;frontal lobes
D) frontal lobes;limbic system

Question 69

Ten-year-old Heidi is maturing early and already towers over all the girls and most of the boys in her fifth-grade class.Heidi is likely to be

A) the most popular student in class.
B) self-assured and independent.
C) challenging her teacher's authority.
D) the object of some teasing.

Question 70

A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a

A) pruning process.
B) critical period.
C) rite of passage.
D) delay of gratification.

Question 71

The gap between adolescence and independence is referred to as

A) young adulthood.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) late adolescence.
D) extended adolescence.

Question 72

The developmental stage of adolescence is likely to be briefest in cultures where teens are

A) preoccupied with peer approval.
B) seldom married.
C) experiencing role confusion.
D) financially self-supporting.

Question 73

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony.Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing

A) delay of gratification.
B) stagnation.
C) role confusion.
D) generativity.

Question 74

Claims that adult personality traits are completely determined by childhood experiences are most clearly disputed by the ________ perspective.

A) psychosocial
B) life-span
C) intuitionist
D) psychoanalytic

Question 75

Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents

A) like their parents.
B) frequently include their parents in their Facebook postings.
C) want to avoid emotionally close relationships with peers.
D) experience positive relationships with peers and negative relationships with parents.

Question 76

Adolescence extends from

A) the beginning of concrete operations to the end of formal operations.
B) 12 to 15 years of age.
C) the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood.
D) the beginning to the end of the growth spurt.

Question 77

Adolescents' sense of what's fair is most likely to change from simple equality to what's proportional to merit when they achieve

A) formal operations.
B) menarche.
C) preconventional morality.
D) an identity.

Question 78

Boys who mature at an early age tend to be more

A) physically uncoordinated.
B) sexually inhibited.
C) popular and self-assured.
D) academically successful.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT true regarding adolescent pubertal development?

A) Puberty follows a surge of hormones.
B) Puberty is related to an intensification of moods.
C) Hormones released during puberty trigger bodily changes.
D) The timing of puberty is predictable.

Question 80

Kayla is a college student who lives on campus but is still financially dependent on her parents.She can best be classified as a(n)

A) young adult.
B) emerging adult.
C) late adolescent.
D) extended adolescent.