Deck 15: Using Persuasive Strategies

Question 1

15-14 The ______ fallacy suggests that because everyone else believes something or is doing something,that it must be valid,accurate,or effective.

A)causal
B)bandwagon
C)hasty generalization
D)red herring

Answer 1

B

Question 2

15-18 When a persuasive speaker attacks the person supporting an issue rather than the issue itself,which fallacy is the speaker committing?

A)non sequitur
B)hasty generalization
C)ad hominem
D)bandwagon

Answer 2

C

Question 3

15-05 The factor in a speaker's credibility that refers to his/her being perceived as energetic is known as

A)competence.
B)trustworthiness.
C)dynamism.
D)charisma.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

15-01 The audience's perception of a speaker's competence,trustworthiness,and dynamism is termed

A)character.
B)credibility.
C)charisma.
D)personality.

Question 5

15-07 Aristotle used the term ______ to refer to a persuasive argument based on logic and reason.

A)ethos
B)pathos
C)mythos
D)logos

Question 6

15-06 The type of credibility established by giving careful thought to your appearance,establishing eye contact,and having your credentials as well as accomplishments presented to the audience is known as _____ credibility.

A)initial
B)derived
C)terminal
D)deserved

Question 7

15-09 What is the term for reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general,probable conclusion?

A)probability
B)validity
C)inductive reasoning
D)mythos

Question 8

15-12 What is the term for a conclusion reached based on available evidence or partial information?

A)a fact
B)an example
C)an inference
D)an opinion

Question 9

15-04 When Ramone spoke about the need for regular health check-ups,he was so knowledgeable,so sincere,and so energetic in his delivery that everyone responded quite positively to his speech.What aspect of good persuasive delivery did Ramone demonstrate?

A)mythos
B)logos
C)pathos
D)ethos

Question 10

15-11 A three-part argument that consists of a major premise,a minor premise,and a conclusion is known as

A)a generalization.
B)a syllogism.
C)an analogy.
D)causal reasoning.

Question 11

15-13 When speakers attempt to persuade without adequate evidence or use arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate,they are using

A)an opinion.
B)a deduction.
C)a fallacy.
D)an inference.

Question 12

15-02 What is Aristotle's term for a speaker's credibility?

A)logos
B)pathos
C)ethos
D)credos

Question 13

15-19 When you argue that a new parking garage should not be built on campus because the grass has not been mowed on the football field for three weeks,you are guilty of a

A)casual fallacy.
B)red herring.
C)ad hominem.
D)non sequitur.

Question 14

15-20 In an introduction to a persuasive speech,Fran said: "There was a time when I thought I would never have a job,a decent life,a boyfriend,or any pleasure in life.But,after working as an intern at Channel 3,I know what I really want to do with my life and that gives me great satisfaction.I encourage you all to become interns,so that you,too,can discover that there is something in life that inspires passion in you...that you're willing to work for...to work hard for...to be successful...to be happy." What type of message did this speaker effectively use in this introduction?

A)an appeal to credibility
B)an appeal to reasoning
C)an appeal to emotion
D)an appeal to a common myth

Question 15

15-03 As a Roman teacher of public speaking,Quintilian felt that effective public speakers should be

A)polished and prepared in the speaking situation.
B)charismatic in all aspects of speaking.
C)people of good character.
D)dynamic and commanding.

Question 16

15-16 Marty's persuasive speech was about gun control and school violence.He made the statement,"Either we take guns out of the hands of everyone in this country,except the police and military,or we can expect massacres in schools all over this country." This kind of argument represents

A)a bandwagon fallacy.
B)an ad hominem fallacy.
C)an appeal to misplaced authority.
D)an either/or fallacy.

Question 17

15-10 The process of reasoning from a general statement or principle to a specific,certain conclusion is known as

A)inductive reasoning.
B)deductive reasoning.
C)reasoning by analogy.
D)generalization.

Question 18

15-15 In a speech to the neighborhood watch group,Mr.Simmons made the following statement: "If you see someone running down the sidewalk in our neighborhood and you don't recognize that person,you can assume that person has committed some type of crime.You must act immediately.Don't hesitate for a second.Call 911." Some members of the audience recognized this statement as an example of

A)a causal fallacy.
B)ad hoc reasoning.
C)deductive reasoning.
D)a bandwagon fallacy.

Question 19

15-08 The type of reasoning in which one thing,person,or process is compared to another to predict how something will perform or respond is reasoning by

A)syllogism.
B)deduction.
C)induction.
D)analogy.

Question 20

15-17 Jerry is a politician who calls a press conference after being accused of taking bribes.Instead of addressing the accusations in the press conference,Jerry speaks about the evils of child pornography.What fallacy is Jerry practicing?

A)red herring
B)appeal to misplaced authority
C)hasty generalization
D)either/or

Question 21

15-31 A fallacy is false reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate.

Question 22

15-29 In her speech on the increasing prevalence of gangs,Tatiana decides to focus on contributing factors like poverty,drugs,and a financially crippled school system.Which organizational strategy is Tatiana using?

A)problem-solution strategy
B)refutation strategy
C)cause and effect strategy
D)the motivated sequence

Question 23

15-26 When attempting to persuade an audience that is unreceptive,you should

A)announce immediately that you plan to change their minds.
B)begin your speech by noting areas of disagreement before you discuss areas of agreement.
C)consider making advocacy rather than understanding your goal.
D)acknowledge the opposing points of view that members of your audience may hold.

Question 24

15-30 What are the five steps of the motivated sequence strategy?

A)attention,idealization,brainstorming,implementation,and satisfaction
B)need,cause,effect,solution,and action
C)attention,need,satisfaction,visualization,and action
D)need,visualization,implementation,attention,and finalization.

Question 25

15-40 A myth is a shared belief based on the underlying values,cultural heritage,and faith of a group of people.

Question 26

15-28 Lonnie plans to speak to a group of real-estate developers to advocate a new zoning ordinance that would reduce the number of building permits granted in her community.She knows her listeners will undoubtedly have concerns about how the ordinance will affect their ability to build homes and make money,so she decides to organize her presentation by discussing these two obvious concerns and disproving them.Which organizational strategy is Lonnie using?

A)problem-solution strategy
B)refutation strategy
C)cause and effect strategy
D)the motivated sequence

Question 27

15-23 When a politician says,"It's time to restore our nation's legacy as a beacon of freedom for all people," she is using an emotional appeal based on

A)pride.
B)hope.
C)courage.
D)reverence.

Question 28

15-22 In Montana's persuasive speech against assisted suicide,she quoted the Bible,saying,"Thou shalt not kill." What type of appeal was Montana using in this speech?

A)an appeal to reason
B)an appeal to fear
C)an appeal to myth
D)an appeal to credibility

Question 29

15-38 A non sequitur is when a speaker uses the testimony of an expert to endorse an idea or product for which the expert does not have the appropriate credentials or expertise.

Question 30

15-33 The causal fallacy is reasoning that suggests that because everyone else believes something or is doing something,then it must be valid or correct.

Question 31

15-36 Ad hominem is an attack on irrelevant personal characteristics of the person who is proposing an idea,rather than on the idea itself.

Question 32

15-37 The red herring fallacy is used when someone attacks an issue by using irrelevant facts or arguments as distractions.

Question 33

15-35 Ad hominem is a conclusion reached without adequate evidence.

Question 34

15-32 The bandwagon fallacy is a faulty cause-and-effect connection between two things or events.

Question 35

15-25 When attempting to persuade an audience that is neutral,you should

A)refer to beliefs that many listeners share.
B)ask listeners for an immediate show of support.
C)consider making advocacy rather than understanding your goal.
D)acknowledge the opposing points of view that members of your audience may hold.

Question 36

15-27 What organizational strategy should you use when you are speaking to an apathetic audience or when listeners are not aware that an issue exists?

A)problem-solution strategy
B)refutation strategy
C)cause and effect strategy
D)the motivated sequence

Question 37

15-24 A speaker who attempts to gain power or control over others by using impassioned emotional pleas and appealing to listeners' prejudices is known as a

A)demagogue.
B)gerrymander.
C)straw man.
D)propagandist.

Question 38

15-21 An emotional appeal that reaches the audience through shared beliefs based on cultural heritage or faith is known as

A)hope.
B)reverence.
C)myth.
D)pride.

Question 39

15-39 Non sequitur is Latin for "it does not follow."

Question 40

15-34 The either/or fallacy is the oversimplification of an issue into a choice between only two outcomes or possibilities.

Question 41

15-43 _____ reasoning moves from a general statement of principle to a specific,certain conclusion.

Question 42

15-41 _____ reasoning uses specific instances or examples to reach a general,probable conclusion.

Question 43

15-44 _____ reasoning is reasoning in which the relationship between two or more events leads you to conclude that one or more of the events caused the others.

Question 44

15-50 List five tips for using emotion to persuade.

Question 45

What is a fallacy?

Question 46

15-47 Explain the three elements of a syllogism and give an example of each.

Question 47

15-46 List the three types of credibility and discuss how a speaker can enhance credibility at each level.

Question 48

15-42 An all-encompassing statement is a ______.

Question 49

15-49 List and provide an example of three different types of fallacies.

Question 50

15-45 A ______ is something that has been directly observed to be true or can be proven to be true by verifiable evidence.