Deck 1: Psychology and Life

Question 1

Modern psychology is said to have begun when:

A)Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
B)Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
C)Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Answer 1

Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.

Question 2

By general agreement,psychology was born in __________.

A)1642
B)1853
C)1879
D)1906

Answer 2

1879

Question 3

John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________.

A)functionalism
B)structuralism
C)behaviourism
D)humanism

Answer 3

behaviourism

Question 4

The psychological school that asks "What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is which of the following?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)humanism
D)Gestalt

Question 5

The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with ________.

A)behavioural; behaviour
B)behavioural; mental processes
C)cognitive; thought and action
D)cognitive; behaviour

Question 6

The first psychology laboratory was opened by __________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 7

In the late 20th century,psychology __________.

A)expanded dramatically
B)stagnated
C)contracted slightly
D)contracted dramatically

Question 8

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________.

A)their extensive use of laboratory research to support their claims
B)the emphasis they placed on Eastern philosophies and culture
C)the emphasis they placed on unconscious processes
D)their emphasis on environmental learning as the source for most personality characteristics

Question 9

Psychologists use techniques based on ___________.

A)cultural ethnocentrism
B)objective introspection
C)philosophical logic
D)the scientific method

Question 10

Wertheimer was associated with __________ psychology.

A)functionalist
B)psychoanalytic
C)Gestalt
D)existential

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order that psychologists use in studying a particular behaviour?

A)describe,explain,predict,control
B)explain,describe,predict,control
C)predict,describe,explain,control
D)describe,predict,explain,control

Question 12

As a science,psychology is approximately how old?

A)50 years
B)125 years
C)175 years
D)2500 years,since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

Question 13

The first psychology laboratory was founded by __________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 14

B)F.Skinner is associated with __________.

A)psychodynamic psychology
B)behaviourism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)existentialism

Question 15

Structuralism emphasizes __________.

A)individual differences
B)the application of biological principles to the mind
C)the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behaviour
D)the basic units of experience and their combinations

Question 16

Psychology:

A)has an applied side.
B)is a scientific study of behaviour.
C)has goals of describing,predicting,and explaining events.
D)all of the above

Question 17

Freud was the founder of __________.

A)existential psychology
B)behavioural psychology
C)psychoanalysis
D)behaviourism

Question 18

The school of thought that became known as behaviourism was founded by __________.

A)Watson
B)Titchener
C)James
D)Wundt

Question 19

Titchener was a member of the ___________ school of thought.

A)structuralist
B)functionalist
C)behaviourist
D)reductionist

Question 20

Like Watson,Skinner believed that psychology should study only __________.

A)mental processes
B)perceptions
C)elements of thought
D)observable behaviour

Question 21

The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was:

A)natural observation.
B)dream interpretation.
C)introspection.
D)experimentation.

Question 22

Wundt is to structuralism as _______ is to psychoanalysis.

A)Freud
B)Watson
C)Rogers
D)Maslow

Question 23

The founder of behaviourism is:

A)James.
B)Skinner.
C)Watson.
D)Wundt.

Question 24

Each day in class,Dr.Helms explains to his students that they are wonderful whether they are academic successes or failures.He also points out that each individual consciously chooses to attend class and study and that these choices dramatically affect whether one is academically successful.Dr.Helms is most likely a _______ psychologist.

A)psychoanalytic
B)humanistic
C)behavioural
D)Gestalt

Question 25

Psychologists should only study observable behaviour,according to __________.

A)Freud
B)Titchener
C)Galton
D)Watson

Question 26

The first psychology laboratory was opened by _________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 27

The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with _______.

A)behavioural; behaviour
B)behavioural; mental processes
C)cognitive; thought and action
D)cognitive; behaviour

Question 28

B.F.Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology?

A)cognitive
B)humanistic
C)functionalism
D)behaviourism

Question 29

John Watson was a behaviourist who argued that the science of psychology must concern itself only with:

A)experiences as whole units.
B)observable events.
C)unconscious mental processes.
D)early childhood experiences.

Question 30

Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun:

A)in Greece,with the work of Hippocrates.
B)in the United States,with the work of James.
C)in Austria,with the work of Freud.
D)in Germany,with the work of Wundt.

Question 31

Watson felt that psychologists should study __________.

A)consciousness
B)observable behaviour
C)mental imagery
D)elements of thought

Question 32

Skinner is associated with __________.

A)structuralism
B)behaviourism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)existentialism

Question 33

Psychology is said to have begun when:

A)medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis.
B)Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory.
C)Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in Vienna.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical explanation.

Question 34

Studying the elements of sensations,feelings,and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)behaviourism
D)humanism

Question 35

Which of the following is associated with Gestalt psychology?

A)Skinner
B)Wertheimer
C)James
D)Jones

Question 36

Which one of the following psychologists was responsible for originating the behavioural school of psychology?

A)Pavlov
B)Watson
C)Skinner
D)Rayner

Question 37

Watson is to behaviourism as _______ is to psychoanalysis.

A)Freud
B)James
C)Skinner
D)Wundt

Question 38

Which of the following does NOT fit with the other three?

A)Wundt
B)1879
C)functionalism
D)introspection

Question 39

B.F.Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology?

A)cognitive
B)humanistic
C)functionalism
D)behaviourism

Question 40

For Freud,much of our behaviour is controlled by __________.

A)unconscious desires
B)environmental stimuli
C)mental Gestalts
D)mental associations

Question 41

Studying the elements of sensations,feelings,and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)behaviourism
D)humanism

Question 42

Steve,a college sophomore,is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people.His counsellor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents,and his childhood experiences with them.Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?

A)behaviourism
B)psychoanalytic
C)humanistic
D)Gestalt

Question 43

Which of the following types of psychologists is most prepared to help a person who hears voices and believes she is Joan of Arc?

A)forensic
B)counselling
C)school
D)clinical

Question 44

A psychologist bases his/her theories completely on measuring observable behaviours.This psychologist is probably a __________.

A)humanist
B)behaviourist
C)structuralist
D)functionalist

Question 45

A group of psychologists study how adults change and grow,both psychologically and physiologically,as they age.These psychologists are most like ___________.

A)personality psychologists
B)social psychologists
C)organizational psychologists
D)developmental psychologists

Question 46

Cognitive psychologists are a subgroup of experimental psychologists who are concerned primarily with:

A)neurobiological events that underlie behaviour.
B)the function of age on behaviour.
C)mental events that intervene between stimuli and responses.
D)how people are affected by social situations.

Question 47

After more than a year in Iranian prisons,52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States.Of the following professionals,___________ psychologists would probably have the LEAST professional interest in that event.

A)counselling
B)clinical
C)social
D)experimental

Question 48

Cognitive psychology is contributing to the development of ________,which attempts to make computers learn and solve problems the way people do.

A)educational technology
B)forensic psychology
C)virtual reality
D)artificial intelligence

Question 49

What early school of thought in psychology was noted for its emphasis on the unconscious determinants of behaviour?

A)structuralism
B)behaviourism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)psychoanalytic theory

Question 50

Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of __________.

A)reinforcement
B)alienation and apathy
C)mental processes
D)self-actualization

Question 51

Humanistic psychologists believe that:

A)humans are basically destructive and must constantly fight negative impulses.
B)psychologists should study only objective events such as stimuli and behaviours.
C)people are basically good and will generally strive to achieve positive social goals.
D)none of the above