Deck 10: Education and Society

Question 1

Affluent families have an average of 200 books in the home while low- to middle-income homes have an average of ______ books.

A)3
B)15
C)25
D)70

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Universal education systems provided by the government and funded by tax revenues rather than student fees are referred to as ______.

A)public education
B)charter education
C)parochial education
D)municipal education

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which type of education is the norm for industrial societies?

A)religious education
B)informal education
C)mass education
D)internship training

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What method of achieving school integration is known for worsening racial conflict in South Boston?

A)the implementation of educational vouchers
B)providing equal educational opportunity
C)revision of school funding formulas
D)mandated school busing

Question 5

On which of the following points do conflict and functionalist theorists agree?

A)A high school degree is necessary for equal opportunity.
B)Education channels individuals into positions for which they are best suited.
C)Education trains people in the dominant norms and values of society.
D)Education reproduces social inequality.

Question 6

Which of the following racial minority groups is least likely to attend segregated schools?

A)Asian Americans
B)Latinos
C)African Americans
D)American Indians

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a credential society?

A)A specific degree is required to get advertised jobs.
B)Intelligence and skills are the most important factors in getting a job.
C)Credentials do not need to be socially validated.
D)They matter less in a society with mass education.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems facing schools that operate under de facto school segregation?

A)low levels of competition and expectation
B)less qualified teachers who leave as soon as they get seniority
C)low levels of teen pregnancy
D)peer pressure against academic achievement and supportive of crime and substance abuse

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Émile Durkheim's functionalist perspective on education?

A)Education produces social stability in a society.
B)Education trains people for economic roles in society.
C)Education helps socialize people in society.
D)Education produces inequality between people in society.

Question 10

The Supreme Court case that upheld the states' right to segregate public accommodations is known as ______.

A)Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka
B)Plessy v.Ferguson
C)Jim Crow laws
D)Board of Education of Oklahoma City v.Dowell

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a latent function of mass public education?

A)keeping children occupied during the day while their parents work
B)socializing children with their peers
C)teaching public values
D)teaching important knowledge and skills

Question 12

According to conflict theorists,the hidden curriculum does which of the following?

A)teaches members of the working class important skills for advancement
B)socializes members of the working class to accept their class positions
C)exposes children of all classes to equal opportunities
D)places less talented students into lower-level classes

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a symbolic interactionist approach to studying education issues?

A)analyzing data about the relationship between education status and income
B)observing how certain students perform in class after being labeled "exceptional"
C)studying patterns of racial segregation in public education
D)studying the reproduction of inequality in mass education

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mass education?

A)the belief that education is a birthright of all citizens
B)the extension of formal schooling to wide segments of the population
C)the elimination of private schools
D)the principal means of training workers and citizens

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the sociological term moral education?

A)fifth-graders learning about laws and rights
B)kindergartners learning how to behave in class
C)children learning to read biblical literature
D)high school students learning about inequality

Question 16

Schools were originally established in the United States for which of the following purposes?

A)training workers in a particular craft
B)educating children to read biblical literature
C)teaching the public to read and write
D)teaching people workplace habits and skills

Question 17

Which of the following factors is not linked to word poverty among children?

A)economic disadvantage
B)language-impoverished environments
C)limited access to books in the home
D)individual learning challenges,such as dyslexia

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to educational inequalities between racial groups?

A)school funding formulas based on property taxes
B)residential segregation
C)income inequality
D)affirmative action policies

Question 19

Which of the following is characteristic of segregated schools in the United States?

A)School busing has been welcomed by all as a method of achieving integration.
B)The Supreme Court continues to expand the scope of laws aimed at promoting integration.
C)School segregation is not linked to educational inequality.
D)The movement of middle- and upper-class Whites into suburban or outlying areas has worsened racial segregation.

Question 20

Impoverished language environments in which some children grow up is referred to as ______.

A)below basic literacy
B)childhood illiteracy
C)word poverty
D)Level 1 literacy

Question 21

Education is increasingly important for job seekers due primarily to which of the following factors?

A)decrease in internship opportunities
B)transition to a postindustrial economy
C)growth of online education
D)hidden curriculum of gender norms

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true about college in the United States?

A)The U.S.has lower college graduation rates than many OECD nations.
B)The U.S.has been unsuccessful in getting high school students to enroll in college.
C)The number of high school completers who enroll in college has decreased over time.
D)Median weekly earnings are lower for college graduates than those without a degree.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a part of the criteria for the U.S.Department of Labor's official definition of a legal internship?

A)The internship is similar to training that would be given in an educational environment.
B)The intern does not displace regular employees.
C)The intern is not financially compensated for her or his labor.
D)The intern is entitled to a job at the conclusion of the internship.

Question 24

Although access to books at home and early reading experiences are related to higher performance at the early grade level,the literacy gap is easily closed within the first two or three years of schooling.

Question 25

Which of the following is the number-one destination for U.S.students who travel abroad?

A)United Kingdom
B)China
C)Greece
D)Indonesia

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the relationship between race and education?

A)Blacks and Latinos are less likely than Whites to complete their bachelor's degree within 6 years of starting.
B)Latino and Black students are no longer likely to be in segregated schools.
C)Even though schools are racially segregated,they are equally funded.
D)Mandated school busing was widely accepted as an integration policy.

Question 27

During the 2008 global economic recession,which group was most affected by unemployment in the 34 OECD states?

A)adults without a high school education
B)adults without post-high school education
C)adults with a four-year college degree
D)adults with a PhD

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a reason why college dropout rates are so high?

A)Many students are not prepared for the rigor of college work.
B)College costs are high.
C)Fewer students are enrolling in college after high school.
D)Part-time attendance raises the probability of noncompletion.

Question 29

Which of the following is associated with the highest levels of income?

A)doctoral degree (PhD)
B)master's degree
C)professional degree
D)associate's degree

Question 30

Which of the following reasons illustrates a microlevel explanation for why education is important?

A)The U.S.economy needs an educated workforce.
B)States invest billions of dollars to cover education costs for students who never finish.
C)Higher numbers of dropouts make the United States less competitive globally.
D)Median weekly earnings are higher for those with a college education.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a reason why schools should consider summertime education?

A)Some research suggests that children may lose up to two months of acquired skills over the course of the summer.
B)Schools would receive more revenue.
C)Middle- and upper-income students are often sent to attend enriching summer camps,which widens the educational gap for low-income students.
D)Working parents have a difficult time finding childcare in the summer.

Question 32

Only about 25% of students today fit the model of full-time,on-campus students supported largely by their parents.

Question 33

Free public education emerged out of demands made by labor unions in the 19th century.

Question 34

Why were summer classes largely eliminated by the late-19th century in the U.S.school calendar?

A)to accommodate agricultural needs
B)to accommodate baseball,a traditional summer pastime
C)to lower air conditioning costs in school buildings
D)to accommodate holidays and provide a mental break for the elite

Question 35

College graduation rates are higher at private colleges than at public institutions.

Question 36

Which of the following racial groups is most likely to experience heavy educational debt (defined here as $30,500 or more at graduation)?

A)Asian Americans
B)Latinos
C)African Americans
D)Whites

Question 37

Which of the following is true about internships?

A)It is more difficult for lower-income people to take unpaid internships.
B)Most internships offer stipends or pay.
C)Unpaid internships are being turned into paid entry-level jobs to provide a stepping-stone for students leaving school with degrees.
D)Universities and employers do not benefit from internships.

Question 38

Which of the following is true of the relationship between education and income?

A)College graduates today are outearning earlier graduates in regard to entry-level wages after graduation.
B)About 75% of new graduates have an employment offer at the time of graduation.
C)Wages in the United States have kept pace with inflation.
D)College graduates outearn their peers with only a high school education.

Question 39

An estimated ______% of Black students are burdened by student loan debt.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT considered a service sector occupation?

A)medical assistant
B)cable television sales rep
C)sewing machine operator in a garment factory
D)daytime garden laborer

Question 41

In the South,school segregation was a result of Jim Crow laws;in the North,it was a result of residential ______.

Question 42

Define word poverty.Discuss why this issue is important in relation to educational success.

Question 43

Following the abolition of slavery and before Jim Crow laws took effect,Black and White children were educated in the same school systems.

Question 44

Those with more education are more likely to participate in the paid labor force and less likely to face unemployment.

Question 45

Fifty years after the civil rights movement,school segregation by race is no longer a pattern in U.S.society.

Question 46

U.S.students attend,on average,about ______ school days per year,whereas students in Italy attend 200 days per year,and students in South Korea attend 220 days per year.

Question 47

Present the arguments for and against lengthening the U.S.school day and for and against lengthening the U.S.school year.

Question 48

Prior to ______ public education,most schooling was private and for the sons of middle- and upper-class families to be trained for business and education.

Question 49

While there is a measurable relationship between higher levels of education and higher levels of income,it is not significant.

Question 50

A longer school day has been shown to correlate with academic gains.

Question 51

The traditional school year,with a summer break,was designed to accommodate the needs of families sustained by agriculture.

Question 52

According to contemporary functionalist perspectives,the transmission of knowledge and skills is a manifest function of education while the propagation of norms and values is a(n)______ function.

Question 53

School ______ refers to the education of racial minorities in schools that are geographically,economically,and/or socially separated from those attended by the racial majority.

Question 54

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2011),the United States ranks ______ in the percentage of young adults with a college degree.

Question 55

The Supreme Court reversed Plessy v.Ferguson in 1954 when it ruled that segregating public schools was ??????????______ in the case called Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka.

Question 56

Explain what is meant by the phrase self-fulfilling prophecy and how labeling,whether positive or negative,can affect student outcomes.

Question 57

The current U.S.labor market is mostly made up of advanced professional occupations that require higher education and low-pay,low-benefit ______ jobs.

Question 58

Nearly 70% of high school graduates enrolled in college in 2015,but only about 59% are expected to complete college once they begin.Identify and explain three major reasons for high college dropout rates in the United States.

Question 59

Discuss a few of the trends related to U.S.college students studying abroad and how this is connected to globalization.

Question 60

Although the manufacturing sector has declined significantly,manufacturing jobs are just as likely to be unionized,provide long-term job security,and pay a living wage as they were in the past.

Question 61

Apply a functionalist,conflict,and symbolic interactionist perspective to the phenomenon of tutoring.How would a functionalist understand tutoring? What questions would a conflict theorist ask about tutoring? How would a symbolic interactionist examine the relationship between tutor and pupil?

Question 62

Discuss the relationships between education,income,and occupation.

Question 63

Identify the manifest and latent functions of education,and apply a functionalist perspective to U.S.education.Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this perspective.

Question 64

Discuss the relationship between residential location and education.How does one's location affect one's access to education? Include a reflection on your own experience.

Question 65

Propose a research study that examines the relationship between education and some other factor.Identify the research topic,include discussion of how you would frame your research question and what theory or theories you would use,select an appropriate research methodology,weigh any ethical implications,and discuss any challenges or threats to data collection,reliability,or validity that may arise.

Question 66

Reflect on your own educational experience.Discuss how race,class,gender,and residential location have affected your quality of education and experiences in the classroom.

Question 67

Cite three differences between the U.S.educational system and other industrialized nations.

Question 68

Unpaid internships are often portrayed as being enormously beneficial to the student participant while minimally beneficial to the employer or university.Use sociological reasoning to debunk this myth,and explain how unpaid internships serve as a system of exploitation.

Question 69

Explore the relationship between technology and education.Theorize about what you think will happen as technology becomes more integrated into the classroom and how this could either reduce or exacerbate inequality.

Question 70

Discuss two social issues in education that may arise or have arisen as a result of a growing immigrant population in the United States.

Question 71

Discuss the history of racial school segregation in the United States,and apply sociological theories to explain why it persists and has even worsened since the 1960s.

Question 72

Distinguish between formal education,mass education,and public education.

Question 73

Describe some of the inequities present in the American public education system.Use a conflict-oriented perspective to explain why these inequalities exist.Apply a functionalist perspective to explain why these inequalities persist.(How is educational inequality functional?)

Question 74

Globalization has meant the spreading of ideas,knowledge,skills,and technology.Discuss what you think will happen as our mass education system becomes a globalized education system.Identify some possible negative and positive outcomes.

Question 75

The source on which most U.S.school districts depend most fully is local property taxes.Use the conflict perspective to critique why this system is problematic.

Question 76

Student loan debt is higher than at any other point in history.Discuss the relationships between student loan debt,the economy,and the family.

Question 77

Outline the evolution of public education in the United States,from its early colonial roots to changes today.Include a discussion of the relationship between public education and labor,work,and the economy.

Question 78

The United States is a credential society.Explain what is meant by this statement,and provide an example of how this plays out.

Question 79

Education is a major agent of socialization.Discuss how education serves as an agent of socialization,particularly when it comes to race,class,and gender.Critique education socialization using a conflict perspective.