Question 1

Skinner believed that free will&#10;A)is a moral necessity.&#10;B)influences behavior.&#10;C)overrides self-control.&#10;D)is an illusion

Accepted Answer

Skinner believed that behavior is determined by environmental factors and reinforcement, and that free will is an illusion because human behavior can be predicted and controlled through these external forces. Therefore, Skinner's belief suggests that there is no true free will.

Question 2

The impact of logical positivism on behaviorism resides in its insistence that conditions should be described in&#10;A)ways that reinforce democratic beliefs.&#10;B)terms that maintain social balance.&#10;C)scientific,logical,and objective terms.&#10;D)accord with absolute metaphysical views.

Accepted Answer

Logical positivism emphasized the use of scientific, logical, and objective terms to describe conditions, which is also a key feature of behaviorism. This approach emphasized the importance of empirical evidence in understanding and explaining behavior, and thus had a significant impact on the development of behaviorism as a scientific approach to psychology. Option A, B and D are not relevant to the impact of logical positivism on behaviorism.

Question 3

Sigmund Freud claimed that conditioning was an unconscious inner thing,but Ivan Pavlov argued that it was&#10;A)based on controllable external conditions.&#10;B)a mentalistic and subjective reality.&#10;C)not inner but external spirituality.&#10;D)the conscious results of childhood training.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov believed that conditioning was based on controllable external conditions, such as pairing a stimulus with a response. This was in contrast to Freud's belief that conditioning was an unconscious inner process. Pavlov's theory of conditioning became the foundation for behaviorism, which focused on observable behaviors and the external events that create them.

Question 4

In Skinner's view of utopia,the good life is to be developed through&#10;A)cooperative engagement in libertarian communities.&#10;B)democratic procedures promoting individual choice.&#10;C)extensive behavioral control of human life.&#10;D)uninhibited freedom of choice.

Accepted Answer

Skinner believed that through extensive behavioral control, humanity could create a utopian society where individuals were conditioned to behave in socially desirable ways. He believed that humans could be trained to eliminate undesirable behaviors and embrace positive ones through behavior modification techniques. Therefore, the good life in Skinner's view of utopia would be achieved through a meticulous control of human behavior, which is best represented by choice (C).

Question 5

In Walden Two,Skinner describes a utopian society organized around&#10;A)social and psychological control.&#10;B)political and economic radicalism.&#10;C)freedom of thought and action.&#10;D)removal of people from social control.

Accepted Answer

The utopian society in Walden Two is organized around social and psychological control, which are achieved through shaping behavior using positive reinforcement and environmental design. Skinner believes that this form of control can lead to a more harmonious and efficient society, with individuals pursuing the common good rather than their own self-interest.

Question 6

Critics such as Carl Rogers find fault with behaviorism for its lack of concern for&#10;A)outside influences.&#10;B)the inner realm.&#10;C)emotional instability.&#10;D)scientific methodology.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, criticized behaviorism for its sole focus on observable behaviors and disregard for the internal thoughts, feelings, and experiences of individuals. Behaviorism does not take into account the inner realm of individuals, which can greatly impact behavior.

Question 7

Skinner believed that conditioning,to be truly effective in solving social problems,should be used on a _________ basis.&#10;A)global&#10;B)special&#10;C)local&#10;D)subjective

Accepted Answer

Skinner believed that conditioning should be applied on a global basis to effectively address and solve social problems.

Question 8

Skinner criticized traditional education for its&#10;A)lack of immediate reinforcement in learning.&#10;B)poorly motivated policy makers.&#10;C)inadequate and underpaid teachers.&#10;D)swollen administrative bureaucracy.

Accepted Answer

Skinner believed that traditional education was ineffective because it lacked immediate reinforcement for learning, which made it difficult for students to fully grasp and retain information.

Question 9

Behaviorists ,like Skinner,promote the use of technology in education,particularly where it is based on&#10;A)individual selection.&#10;B)programmed learning and reinforcement.&#10;C)punishment and conditioning.&#10;D)inner freedom of choice.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists, like Skinner, advocate for programmed learning and reinforcement. They believe that technology, through programmed instruction, can be used to provide immediate feedback and reinforce correct responses to encourage learning. This approach aligns with the behaviorist theory that behaviors can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement.

Question 10

A strong connection with Thomas Hobbes' theory of matter and motion can be found in behaviorism's view of&#10;A)conditioning and reinforced aversive behavior.&#10;B)the mind as intellect and the body as form.&#10;C)mind over matter.&#10;D)the body as matter and behavior as motion.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes believed that matter and motion were the only things governing the natural world, and behaviorism similarly views the body and behavior as the primary focus rather than mental processes. Therefore, the best choice is D, which posits the body as matter and behavior as motion.

Deck 6: Behaviorism and Education