Deck 19: Health and Medicine

Question 1

In Canada in 1831, what was the average age that people lived to?

A) 40 years of age
B) 50 years of age
C) 60 years of age
D) 70 years of age

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sir Thomas Waldicott, a titled nobleman, was able to take actions to save himself and his immediate family from contracting the Black Plague. What did he most likely do?

A) He purchased the best medical care available.
B) He barricaded himself and his family in their London townhome.
C) He avoided the poor in his city.
D) He took his family to their country estate.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a social cause of illness and death?

A) exposure to infection
B) personality factors
C) genetic predisposition
D) lifestyle factors

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How many people were killed as a result of the Back Plague in Europe in the fourteenth century?

A) one-quarter of Europe's population
B) one-third of Europe's population
C) one-half of Europe's population
D) two-thirds of Europe's population

Question 5

Which of the following was the 10th leading cause of death in Canada in 1901, becoming the 1st leading cause of death in Canada in 2013?

A) accidents
B) heart disease
C) diabetes
D) cancer

Question 6

According to the learned Parisian medical community in 1345, what was the root cause of the Black Plague?

A) bilious humours in the body
B) an unfortunate planetary alignment
C) dragons moving in from the edge of the world
D) an epic battle between God and Satan

Question 7

What was the leading cause of death in Canada in 1901?

A) heart disease
B) diphtheria
C) tuberculosis
D) liver disease/cirrhosis

Question 8

According to the textbook, which of the following nations currently has the longest life expectancy in the world?

A) Canada
B) Japan
C) United States
D) Brazil

Question 9

According to the textbook, what have some sociologists proposed about socioeconomic position in the context of health and well-being?

A) the higher your status, the greater the likelihood of stress-related illnesses
B) it is a fundamental cause of disease
C) it is not a powerful determinant of health
D) it has an effect on men, but not on women

Question 10

Benjamin's religion required him to honour the higher power by performing regular bodily cleansing rituals. Which religion prescribed these practices and saved many people from contracting the Black Plague?

A) Roman Catholicism
B) Lutheranism
C) Judaism
D) Hinduism

Question 11

Samantha is taking a course that concentrates on acute and chronic illnesses and diseases and the symptoms and impairments they produce. What is Samantha studying?

A) longevity
B) morbidity
C) health expectancy
D) burden of disease

Question 12

As discussed in the textbook, what are some of the complex variables associated with health and wellness?

A) mentality, era, and country of origin
B) inherent physical attributes and genetics
C) social class, gender, and ethnicity
D) attitude, outlook, and expectations

Question 13

Between 1831 and 2018, what happened to the average age of death in Canada?

A) It halved.
B) It doubled.
C) It tripled.
D) It quadrupled.

Question 14

What do we call the average age at death of the members of a population?

A) the life span
B) the life rate
C) the life expectancy
D) the life course

Question 15

What is the term for the number of deaths of live-born children under the age of one year per 1000 births?

A) morbidity
B) mortality
C) still-born rate
D) infant mortality rate

Question 16

Which of the following is demonstrated by the fact that health risks are always unevenly distributed in a population based on social class, gender, and ethnicity?

A) Certain populations have susceptibility to disease while others do not.
B) Health and disease are biologically based.
C) Disease and health are randomly attributed to people.
D) Social forces shape susceptibility to disease and health.

Question 17

What are we referring to when we discuss the socioeconomic gradient in health?

A) the documented negative correlation between socioeconomic position and health
B) the documented positive correlation between socioeconomic position and health
C) the documented correlation between high socioeconomic position and high morbidity rates
D) the documented correlation between low socioeconomic position and low mortality rates

Question 18

What was the key factor that would have saved many lives during the Black Plague?

A) better sanitation
B) better nutrition
C) better medicine
D) better housing

Question 19

According to the textbook, differences in rates of health problems and mortality can be explained by the strong association between education and what other factor?

A) mental health
B) income
C) urbanization
D) intelligence

Question 20

Why did well-to-do societal members tend to be less impacted by the Black Death plague of the 1300s?

A) they could afford the medical care required to recover
B) they could afford to leave the city and live in countryside homes
C) they could afford to bathe daily
D) they could afford to stay home from work

Question 21

According to the textbook, which of the following countries has the highest infant mortality rate?

A) Canada
B) United States
C) Japan
D) Germany

Question 22

According to the textbook, what is one of the great shortcomings of modern medicine?

A) the emphasis on preventive measures
B) the focus on holistic measures
C) the emphasis on high-tech cures
D) the slowness of scientific discoveries

Question 23

Shannon is an emergency room doctor at a Vancouver hospital. What type of system is Shannon part of?

A) the government health and welfare system
B) the public health system
C) the emergency care system
D) the health care system

Question 24

Sara's baby boy died when he was nine months old. What does his death contribute to in Canada?

A) the gross domestic population rate
B) the infant mortality rate
C) the prenatal death rate
D) the perinatal death rate

Question 25

Besides higher rates of illness and mortality, what else increases as income decreases?

A) stress
B) public education
C) physical activity
D) prescription drug use

Question 26

According to the textbook, most Canadians consider individual behaviours like diet, smoking, exercise, and stress to be important. What is another important factor that gets relatively little consideration?

A) a person's age
B) a person's disabilities
C) a person's genetic make-up
D) a person's level of education

Question 27

According to the textbook, which of the following nations spends the largest proportion of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care?

A) India
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) the United States

Question 28

Penny argues that impoverished First Nations women experience a triple jeopardy in their risk for diabetes. What theory is Penny using as the basis for her argument?

A) conflict theory
B) intersectionality theory
C) feminist theory
D) functionalist theory

Question 29

Canada has a network of clinics, hospitals, and other facilities that are effective in treating illness. What do we call this network?

A) the health care system
B) the public health system
C) the medical care system
D) the government health and welfare system

Question 30

Who currently holds the record for longevity of life?

A) Jiroemon Kimura
B) Alexander Imich
C) Jeanne Louise Calment
D) Sarah Knauss

Question 31

Which theory proposes that the effects of socioeconomic position, race, and gender are multiplicative rather than additive?

A) feminist theory
B) conflict theory
C) intersectionality theory
D) functionalist theory

Question 32

When studying the relationship between population health and the number of doctors per capita in high-income countries, what have the researchers found?

A) there is no relationship
B) population health increases overall as the number of doctors increases
C) countries with a doctor shortage experience the poorest population health
D) there is a negative relationship between the two

Question 33

Even among people who have the same access to medical resources, people of higher social rank and prestige tend to live healthier lives. Why is this so?

A) People of higher social rank experience more activity, which keeps them from focusing on problems.
B) People of higher social rank experience less stress because they are more in control of their lives.
C) People of higher social rank are more valued by all social classes.
D) People of higher rank have more time to relax and enjoy life.

Question 34

Miriam is happy to report at a conference that in her country fewer than 3 children per 1000 die before reaching one year of age. Which of the following nations does she live in?

A) India
B) Sweden
C) Canada
D) the United States

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a measure utilized by sociologists when operationalizing the health of a population?

A) infant mortality rates
B) morbidity rates
C) life expectancy
D) health care expenditures

Question 36

As indicated in the textbook, what are the advantages of those with education, occupational status, income, and wealth?

A) They have roughly the same life expectancy as those who do not have these advantages.
B) They live longer than those who do not have these advantages.
C) They often travel to the United States for health care.
D) They are able to get better health care in Canada than other people can.

Question 37

According to the textbook, almost 75 percent of the people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo lack access to which of the following?

A) clean drinking water
B) sanitation
C) medical care
D) vaccinations

Question 38

Jackson is concerned because on the reserve where he has just gotten a job as a community health nurse, twice as many babies die before the age of one year than in the general Canadian population. What he is concerned about?

A) the prenatal death rate
B) the perinatal death rate
C) the infant mortality rate
D) the community mortality rate

Question 39

Despite Canada's universal health care system, which of the following contributes significantly to the differences experienced by people in illness and mortality?

A) life expectancy
B) socioeconomic status
C) HIV/AIDS exposure
D) prenatal mortality

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true about life expectancies?

A) Men and women have roughly the same life expectancies.
B) Women in undeveloped countries tend to live longer than women in developed countries.
C) Women tend to live longer than men.
D) Men tend to live longer than women.

Question 41

In Canada in the twentieth century, many First Nations women were surgically sterilized without their knowledge or consent, due to prevailing beliefs that they had too many children. What is this practice an example of?

A) medicalization of deviance
B) physician-based categorization
C) physiological criminalization
D) genetic predispositioning

Question 42

Doctor Brian Day is a physician who argues that the Canada Health Act violates the constitutional rights of Canadians by refusing patients access to private clinics. If the Supreme Court of Canada agrees with his position, what might be the outcome?

A) decreased provincial funding for health care
B) increased prescription drug costs
C) a two-tier system of health care
D) increased federal tax revenues going to fund health care

Question 43

Which of the following situations is privatized health care believed to cause?

A) inequality of access to health care
B) relative equality of access to health care
C) a better overall health care system
D) a decline in the quality of health care services

Question 44

Americans spend almost twice as much per person on health care as in Canada, yet life expectancy in the United States is less than that of Canada. Which of the following would account for the fact that Americans are not as healthy as Canadians?

A) The United States has an insufficient health care system.
B) The United States has a shortage of properly trained medical staff.
C) The United States has a large population of poor people.
D) The United States lags behind in medical research.

Question 45

Several years ago, the province of Alberta contracted with an organization called Networc Health to provide knee, foot, and ankle surgeries. It was the only organization outside of the Alberta Health Authority's government-run medical facilities to provide any surgical services. What term best describes Alberta's agreement with Networc Health?

A) contracting
B) privatization
C) outsourcing
D) rationalization

Question 46

According to the textbook, when determinants of health pertaining to individual behaviour (such as lifestyle) are identified as causes of negative health consequences, who or what gets blamed?

A) the person
B) the environment
C) the fast-food corporations
D) the health system

Question 47

Who is regarded as "the father of medicare" in Canada?

A) Pierre Trudeau
B) Tommy Douglas
C) Lester B. Pearson
D) David Lewis

Question 48

According to the textbook, how is Canada's health care system generally viewed?

A) good for the rich; bad for the poor
B) a fool's paradise
C) a privatized system of care
D) socialized medicine

Question 49

In earlier eras, how was deviant behaviour usually viewed?

A) as evil
B) as acceptable
C) as a sickness
D) as normal

Question 50

In comparing Canada to other countries, what does research reveal about life expectancy?

A) Canadian life expectancy is greater than that in all other countries.
B) Canadian life expectancy is similar to that of most countries in the world.
C) Canadian life expectancy is slightly lower than that in countries like Japan.
D) Canadian life expectancy is somewhat lower than that in the United States.

Question 51

As a result of his low education and inability to speak English or French, Frankie has unsteady employment, mainly working in low-wage jobs in toxic environments. Which of the following is Frankie most likely to experience?

A) social apprehension
B) social exclusion
C) social division
D) social reduction

Question 52

According to the textbook, how does the average life expectancy of Indigenous Canadians compare to that of non-Indigenous Canadians?

A) 5 to 12 years shorter
B) 5 to 12 years longer
C) 15 years shorter
D) 15 years longer

Question 53

Travis checks himself into a rehabilitation centre to help him kick his cocaine addiction. Which of the following assumptions underlies the existence of such facilities?

A) Addiction is an illness.
B) Addiction is a learned behaviour.
C) Addition is evil.
D) Addiction is an act of bad faith.

Question 54

From a sociological perspective, how do social inequalities lead to poorer health in disadvantaged groups?

A) The disadvantaged have lower incomes and poorer material living conditions.
B) The disadvantaged have inadequate diets and they exercise less than others.
C) The disadvantaged tend to smoke and drink more than others.
D) The disadvantaged are less inclined to play the sick role.

Question 55

Johan is complaining to his brother about medical services in Canada. Which of the following is most likely to be his main complaint?

A) There is too much privatization of the system.
B) The wealthy are always treated first.
C) Wait times for service are too long.
D) Hospitals are not utilized to full capacity.

Question 56

Over time, medical definitions of atypical or harmful behaviour have become more prevalent. What do we call this phenomenon?

A) genetic predispositioning
B) physician-based categorization
C) physiological criminalization
D) medicalization of deviance

Question 57

People who need to see a physiotherapist on a referral from their doctor can wait to see one for free at a hospital. However, many people who have private health insurance or who can afford it go to a clinic and pay cash for their services. What is the term for the health care offered at the clinic?

A) This is a privatized service.
B) This is an insurance-sponsored service.
C) This is a clinical service.
D) This is a cost-recovery service

Question 58

Jason is addicted to methamphetamine. According to the textbook, how would he most likely have been viewed in the nineteenth century?

A) as having an illness
B) as possessed by an evil demon
C) as a drifter or vagabond
D) as a cult member

Question 59

Which of the following groups is most likely to report poor health in Canada?

A) African Canadians
B) Japanese Canadians
C) Indigenous Canadians
D) Chinese Canadians

Question 60

Olga is an 80-year-old woman living with constant pain caused by arthritis in her fingers and toes. She self-medicates with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication (taken as recommended) and lives with her situation. What term best describes her ailment?

A) natural aging
B) chronic condition
C) functional disability
D) acute syndrome

Question 61

What has been an unforeseen consequence of the overprescription of penicillin and other antibiotics in Canada?

A) an emergence of drug-resistant super germs
B) an increase in cancer rates
C) a spike in suicide rates
D) a decline in the rate of elective surgery

Question 62

A group of health care professionals in a community all run their own private clinics, and would like the government to sell the local hospital to them. They claim they could run it more efficiently and make a profit. If they are successful, which of the following terms would best fit this scenario?

A) profitization
B) privatization
C) medicalization
D) entrepreneurship

Question 63

Robin is suffering from depression but refuses to take the medication that her doctor prescribes her. What is she failing to follow?

A) patient rights
B) alternative treatments
C) professionalization
D) the sick role

Question 64

Prior to 1974, which of the following was listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM)?

A) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) Asperger's syndrome
D) homosexuality

Question 65

A middle-aged impoverished Indigenous woman living beside a river, downstream from the oil sands of Fort McMurray, has asthma and osteoporosis. What theory would best describe this woman's risk of ailment?

A) symbolic interactionist theory
B) conflict theory
C) intersectionality theory
D) two-tier theory

Question 66

What occurred with medical doctors in the late 1800s that prevented many midwives, chiropractors, and herbalists from continuing to practise in Canada?

A) Doctors created a monopoly.
B) Doctors formed an oligarchy.
C) Doctors integrated horizontally.
D) Doctors unionized.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a principle found in the 1984 Canada Health Act?

A) universality
B) comprehensiveness
C) private administration
D) portability

Question 68

When and where was the Canadian Medical Association founded?

A) 1984; Ottawa
B) 1947; Saskatchewan
C) 1867; Quebec City
D) 1843; Montreal

Question 69

What do we call the control and authority over an occupation typically exhibited by high-prestige individuals?

A) labour market segmentation
B) occupational inflation
C) credentialization
D) professionalization

Question 70

Currently, anxiety disorders affect approximately what percentage of the population?

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 20 percent

Question 71

Two people suffer from insomnia. One joins a yoga class to relax as a treatment for his insomnia, while the second person goes to a doctor and gets sleeping pills. Which of the following would appropriately apply to the second person?

A) Insomnia is a stress-related condition.
B) Insomnia is an ailment.
C) Insomnia is a psychological problem.
D) Insomnia has been medicalized.

Question 72

Who was successful in getting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM)?

A) women who experienced violence by their husbands
B) police officers and firefighters
C) feminists
D) Vietnam War veterans

Question 73

Given what is known about illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) becoming included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM), which of the following often means the difference between inclusion and exclusion, over and above simple physical or mental symptomology?

A) the success of political lobbying efforts
B) the weight of evidence presented by science
C) the amount of money contributed to the American Psychiatric Association
D) the broad social class base of people who exhibit the symptoms

Question 74

How many mental disorders were listed in the 1968 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-II)?

A) 82
B) 182
C) 282
D) 382

Question 75

How is Canada's health care system described in the textbook?

A) It is publicly financed health care through self-employed physicians.
B) It is the world's leading example of totally socialized medical care.
C) It is run solely by the federal government which guarantees coverage.
D) It includes only physician services and prescription medications.

Question 76

Shauna woke up feeling unwell and called in to work to ask for the day off. According to Talcott Parsons, what are her actions compatible with?

A) the commonality of using workplace benefits
B) the sick role
C) a broader understanding of the ease with which people contract superbugs
D) functional illness

Question 77

The release of the DSM-5 in 2013 did not see a noticeable increase in the number of mental disorders. According to the textbook, what may be the reason for this?

A) the increasing effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs
B) an increasing awareness of mental health issues
C) an increasingly skeptical public
D) an increasing level of emotional health in the population

Question 78

Which group stressed the importance of preventive measures-such as exercise, a balanced diet, and a congenial environment-for maintaining good health?

A) penologists
B) medieval doctors
C) epidemiologists
D) phrenologists

Question 79

Which of the following is most likely to intervene in issues such as drug addiction and alcoholism?

A) the church
B) the medical profession
C) the government
D) communities

Question 80

Renée is a registered nurse who is nearing retirement. She has seen a lot of changes to protocol in the hospital she has worked in, and she is unhappy about one particular change that has shifted the focus from overall hospital cleanliness. What was that change?

A) the introduction and overuse of antibiotics
B) the attitude of younger staff toward patient cleanliness
C) the professionalization of doctors
D) the number of superbugs that are resistant to pharmaceutical regimes