Deck 18: Foreign Policy

Question 1

Who has the ultimate authority and control over U.S.foreign and military policy?

A)Congress
B)the president
C)the State Department
D)the National Security Council
E)the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following describes the Senate's decision when President Woodrow Wilson proposed that the United States join the League of Nations at the end of World War I?

A)The Senate approved the proposal as a temporary measure for a limited amount of time.
B)The Senate approved the proposal.
C)The Senate tabled the proposal for later consideration.
D)The Senate refused to approve the proposal then,but finally approved it a year later.
E)The Senate refused to approve the proposal.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Since the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986,designed to reduce interbranch competition among the various service branches,which of the following is true about the staff of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?

A)The staff serves the commanders of the individual service branches and reports back to the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
B)The staff serves only the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,rather than the commanders of the individual service branches.
C)The staff serves all of the president's foreign policy advisors.
D)The staff serves the White House military intelligence corps and reports back to the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
E)The staff serves the secretary of defense,the secretary of Homeland Security,and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency and reports back to the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which international organization was created after World War II at the urging of the United States?

A)the League of Nations
B)the United Nations
C)the Warsaw Pact
D)the World Trade Organization
E)the Marshall Plan

Question 5

One of the primary purposes of the war in Afghanistan was to __________.

A)prevent the spread of communism
B)remove the Taliban-led government
C)protect religious freedom
D)retaliate for the bombing of the USS Cole
E)protect Iraq from Afghani military attacks

Question 6

Which of the following countries is a member of NATO?

A)Russia
B)China
C)Japan
D)Syria
E)the United States

Question 7

Which of the following tactics has al-Qaeda used effectively?

A)détente
B)mutually assured destruction
C)cold war
D)terrorism
E)nuclear proliferation

Question 8

What event marked the end of the Cold War?

A)détente
B)the collapse of the Soviet Union
C)the signing of the SALT II Treaty
D)the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
E)the resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 9

What role did Afghanistan play in the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks?

A)Most of the terrorists were from Afghanistan.
B)Osama bin Laden trained some of the terrorists in Afghanistan.
C)The al-Qaeda-led government of Afghanistan funded Osama bin Laden.
D)The 9/11 terrorists hijacked airplanes originating from Afghanistan.
E)The government of Afghanistan actively plotted the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

Question 10

Which of the following agencies is mostly focused on foreign aid?

A)the Central Intelligence Agency
B)the National Security Agency
C)the Defense Intelligence Agency
D)the Agency for International Development
E)the Agency for Foreign Aid and Assistance

Question 11

What was the United States' grand strategy during the Cold War?

A)isolationism
B)internationalism
C)cooperative security
D)selective engagement
E)containment

Question 12

Who instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it?

A)The Soviet Union instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.
B)Germany instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit the United States.
C)Italy instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe.
D)Eastern Europe instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Western Europe.
E)The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.

Question 13

The war in Iraq began under __________ and ended under __________.

A)Bill Clinton,George H.W.Bush
B)Bill Clinton,George W.Bush
C)George H.W.Bush,George W.Bush
D)George W.Bush,George W.Bush
E)George W.Bush,Barack Obama

Question 14

What was the foreign policy of containment designed to prevent?

A)nuclear proliferation
B)the spread of communism
C)terrorism
D)epidemics and pandemics
E)the Cold War

Question 15

Which was the first war the United States was perceived to have lost?

A)World War I
B)World War II
C)the Vietnam War
D)the Korean War
E)the war in Iraq

Question 16

Who heads the U.S.intelligence community?

A)the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
B)the director of National Intelligence
C)the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
D)the vice president
E)the National Security Agency

Question 17

Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed?

A)to provide peacetime collective security for the United States and Western Europe
B)to promote free trade between the United States and Western Europe
C)to help rebuild war-torn Europe after World War II
D)to enhance democratic government in newly industrializing countries
E)to minimize nuclear proliferation

Question 18

Which Cabinet-level department has primary responsibility for U.S.foreign policy?

A)Department of Defense
B)Department of Justice
C)Department of the Interior
D)Department of Homeland Security
E)Department of State

Question 19

What is the role of the national security advisor?

A)to consult with academics and others with foreign policy expertise
B)to provide the president with information that reinforces the president's foreign policy positions
C)to act as a liaison between the Department of Defense and the military
D)to lead the Department of Homeland Security
E)to give the president independent advice about foreign and military policy

Question 20

What is the primary responsibility of the Department of Defense?

A)to provide for homeland security
B)to implement military policy
C)to develop foreign policy
D)to coordinate domestic security efforts
E)to advise the president about national security threats

Question 21

Which of the following can result from a congressional investigation and hearings on a U.S.foreign policy issue even if new legislation is not passed?

A)The investigation and hearings can increase other countries' respect for the United States by showing that America takes foreign policy issues seriously.
B)The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations can strengthen its power by demonstrating its concern for issues that affect the American public.
C)The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs can acquire information that intelligence agencies need for national security purposes.
D)The United Nations Security Council can be brought in to moderate the discussion and to help the opposing parties reach an agreement on the issue.
E)The investigation and hearings might set the stage for future legislation by bringing the issue to the public's attention and allowing opposing parties to air their views.

Question 22

What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of state?

A)national defense policy
B)homeland security
C)intelligence
D)diplomacy
E)military policy

Question 23

Which of the following countries is currently the biggest threat to the United States' superpower status?

A)India
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)China
E)Brazil

Question 24

What can Congress do to influence foreign policy if it is not satisfied with the way the president has handled foreign policy?

A)Congress can fire ambassadors who are not executing foreign policy according to Congress's wishes.
B)Congress can pass legislation or reduce appropriations to block the president's foreign policy.
C)Congress can command the military to execute foreign policy according to Congress's wishes.
D)Congress can change foreign policy with a joint declaration of two-thirds of each chamber,which does not require the president's signature.
E)Congress can appoint a new secretary of state who will implement foreign policy according to Congress's wishes.

Question 25

Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of diplomacy?

A)counterintelligence
B)military threats
C)military action
D)negotiation
E)confrontation

Question 26

Congress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to __________.

A)command the armed forces
B)appoint the secretary of defense
C)ratify treaties
D)recognize the sovereignty of foreign countries
E)receive diplomats

Question 27

What are the two main reasons America originally became involved in Middle Eastern politics?

A)to help governments squash civil unrest and to secure access to oil
B)to secure access to oil and to maintain a strong alliance with Israel
C)to help nations avoid economic collapse and to maintain U.S.access to oil
D)to promote human rights and to maintain a strong alliance with Israel
E)to maintain a strong alliance with Israel and to squash civil unrest

Question 28

Which of the following was a fundamental part of the George W.Bush administration's case for the 2003 war in Iraq?

A)Iraq attacked Israel in 2002 with SCUD missiles and was threatening to do so again.
B)Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.
C)Saddam Hussein had provided considerable funding to Osama bin Laden.
D)Saddam Hussein had provided al-Qaeda with military intelligence and training.
E)Saddam Hussein had permitted Osama bin Laden to use Iraq for training terrorists.

Question 29

U.S.government-sponsored coups in the 1950s in Iran,Guatemala,and the Dominican Republic were driven by the Cold War notion that __________.

A)the defeat of Soviet interests was a victory for the United States
B)communism must not be contained
C)isolationism breeds democracy and capitalism
D)foreign policy is most successful when the United States uses diplomacy
E)poverty is best overcome through protectionism

Question 30

Which of the following accurately describes the war in Iraq?

A)The initial invasion did not go well,but rebuilding the country and achieving political stability there was a fairly smooth process.
B)The initial invasion went well,but rebuilding the country and achieving political stability there proved far more difficult.
C)There were far more U.S.casualties during the initial invasion than there were during the rebuilding and stabilizing process.
D)The United States went to war in the aftermath of the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks as retribution for Iraq's involvement in the attacks.
E)The invasion and occupation of Iraq received strong support from Americans.

Question 31

Which of the following interest groups represent the type of influence that President Eisenhower warned against when he described the military-industrial complex?

A)the Brookings Institution
B)ethnic lobbies
C)national and multinational business and defense firms
D)the Council on Foreign Relations
E)industry-based lobby groups

Question 32

Which of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism?

A)a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries
B)a country's willingness to use diplomatic sanctions to pressure another country to address human rights violations
C)the George W.Bush administration's policy of actively rooting out terrorism before a threat has fully developed
D)the United States' involvement in World War II
E)multilateral trade agreements

Question 33

Which of the following has as its primary responsibility conducting surveillance about the inner workings of countries across the world?

A)the Department of Defense
B)the secretary of state
C)the Central Intelligence Agency
D)the World Trade Organization
E)the Marshall Plan

Question 34

The United States engaged in which of the following military conflicts in order to prevent the spread of communism?

A)World War I
B)World War II
C)the Vietnam War
D)the Persian Gulf War
E)the global war on terrorism

Question 35

Which of the following is comprised of a broad array of the president's foreign policy advisors and is housed within the White House?

A)the Department of State
B)the Department of Homeland Security
C)the Warsaw Pact
D)the National Security Council
E)the Central Intelligence Agency

Question 36

According to the "Unresolved Debate" feature box,the theory of __________ can be used to support a U.S.foreign policy that actively encourages countries to become democratic in order to minimize the chances of armed conflict.

A)peace preservation
B)conflict prevention
C)democratic peace
D)perpetual peace
E)capitalist peace

Question 37

Which of the following countries would have been most opposed to the policy of containment?

A)United Kingdom
B)France
C)Soviet Union
D)United States
E)Canada

Question 38

Those who favored a post-Cold War policy of selective engagement wanted the United States to do which of the following?

A)promote economic isolationism
B)fight terrorism
C)focus on human rights
D)intervene in Europe or the Middle East only if a clear threat emerged
E)make the world safe for democracy and capitalism

Question 39

What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?

A)to protect Eastern Europe from undue influence of the Soviet Union in the wake of World War II
B)to help rebuild Europe after World War II so that it would be less vulnerable to communist influences
C)to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to unstable governments
D)to root out and eliminate potential terrorist threats before they are fully formed
E)to repair relations between the United States and the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War

Question 40

What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense?

A)foreign policy
B)intelligence
C)diplomacy
D)homeland security
E)military policy

Question 41

In which of the following areas is the United States most likely to become embroiled in a dispute with China?

A)trade policy
B)antiterrorism policy
C)military conflict
D)immigration policy
E)environmental policy

Question 42

Which of the following is most consistent with the grand strategy outlined by the Bush Doctrine?

A)diplomacy
B)unilateralism
C)isolationism
D)totalitarianism
E)anticommunism

Question 43

Why is the adjective cold used to describe the Cold War?

A)It began with a shortage of coal and heating fuel in Europe.
B)It hindered the spread of democracy in Western Europe.
C)It was a tense period of time without much use of direct combat.
D)It was a period of time in which there was no interaction between major world powers.
E)It froze military alliances in their pre-World War II configurations.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of foreign aid?

A)the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
B)the Cuban Missile Crisis
C)the Bretton Woods System
D)the North American Free Trade Agreement
E)the Marshall Plan

Question 45

Why did the United States join the North American Free Trade Agreement?

A)to increase the number of markets readily available for American goods
B)to prevent the salaries of American workers from increasing faster than inflation
C)to relocate manufacturing jobs to Mexico to take advantage of cheaper labor
D)to slow down the pace of globalization
E)to make it harder for Japanese cars to compete in the American marketplace

Question 46

Because of NAFTA,an American business owner may be able to save money through which of the following?

A)by setting up a shell corporation in the Cayman Islands to avoid U.S.taxes
B)by moving a manufacturing plant from the United States to Mexico,where labor is cheaper
C)by purchasing cheap goods from China without paying taxes or tariffs
D)by outsourcing customer service jobs to India
E)by purchasing government-issued bonds to cover basic business expenses

Question 47

Why is diplomacy often preferred over use of the military to settle foreign policy disagreements?

A)Diplomacy is more likely to be successful.
B)Diplomacy is more likely to lead to military alliances.
C)Diplomacy is more likely to lead to isolationism.
D)Diplomacy is less likely to lead to war.
E)Diplomacy is less likely to be appropriate for trade disagreements.

Question 48

Which of the following is the president most likely to consult with for advice about how to best take advantage of the strengths of the various service branches when conducting a military operation?

A)the Central Intelligence Agency
B)the director of National Intelligence
C)the secretary of Homeland Security
D)the secretary of state
E)the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 49

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest influence over U.S.foreign policy?

A)secretary of state
B)director of the Central Intelligence Agency
C)director of the National Security Agency
D)director of National Intelligence
E)chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Question 50

Why has the United States taken a keen interest in China in recent years?

A)The United States wants to ensure that China does not fall into communist rule.
B)The United States wants China to be a bastion of democracy in an otherwise volatile area of the world.
C)China has a large supply of oil that can be exported to the United States.
D)China is a large market in an increasingly global economy.
E)China has begun to implement increasingly isolationist foreign and defense policies.

Question 51

Why are isolationists dissatisfied with contemporary U.S.foreign policy?

A)because the United States does not do enough to address human rights abuses
B)because the United States has ignored atrocities in Africa and other developing countries
C)because the United States has allowed China to catch up economically
D)because the United States has refused to work with its allies to address terrorism
E)because the United States actively inserts itself into world affairs

Question 52

How has U.S.foreign policy in Iran and North Korea been similar for much of the past decade?

A)It has been largely focused on economic development.
B)It has been largely driven by the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks.
C)It has been largely determined by the wealth of natural resources the countries possess.
D)It has emphasized diplomacy over military action.
E)It has been driven by the threat the countries pose to the United States.

Question 53

Which of the following best illustrates the dissonance between how the United States has intervened in the Middle East and what the United States has proclaimed as its ideology?

A)The United States has refused to intervene in the Middle East unless there is a clear threat to America's national security,while proclaiming that it is actively assisting Middle Eastern countries in building democracies and fighting terrorists.
B)America has supported repressive regimes in the Middle East to maintain positive diplomatic relations and gain assistance in fighting terrorism,while voicing support for the development of democracy around the world.
C)President Obama has refused to provide aid for any NATO airstrikes against repressive regimes in the Middle East,even though he had previously promised NATO that he would back any action taken there.
D)The United States has favored military power over diplomacy in the Middle East in order to gain access to oil,while proclaiming it favors world peace.
E)President Bush invaded Afghanistan in retaliation for the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,while proclaiming in the Bush Doctrine that the United States would never strike preemptively or act without the support of its allies.

Question 54

What is the most serious common threat posed to the United States by both Iran and North Korea?

A)terrorism
B)trade wars
C)economic embargos
D)nuclear ambitions
E)communism

Question 55

Has the U.S.foreign policy stance toward Mexico in recent years been one of isolationism or internationalism?

A)isolationism,as shown by U.S.efforts to stop immigration from Mexico because that would stop the flow of most drugs that come into the United States
B)internationalism,as demonstrated by U.S.aid to Mexico in fighting the drug cartels
C)internationalism,as demonstrated by the United States' willingness to allow immigrants from Mexico to move to America and find jobs
D)isolationism,as shown by U.S.willingness to provide only financial aid for fighting drug cartels,while refusing to commit American personnel or equipment
E)internationalism,as demonstrated by America's willingness to trade with Mexico even though it cannot help with the drug cartel problem

Question 56

During the height of the Cold War,which of the following actions would have been the most likely for the United States to take with a country in which communist insurgents were rapidly gaining ground?

A)send an ambassador to negotiate a peaceful agreement between the government and the insurgents
B)back the communist rebels so that when they completely gained power,the United States would be in their good graces
C)provide aid to the government in fighting the communist rebels
D)place economic sanctions on the country until both sides agreed to stop fighting and reached a peaceful agreement
E)extend diplomatic immunity to government officials who wanted to escape to America

Question 57

How does the belief in democratic peace get translated into U.S.foreign policy?

A)Because peace can be achieved only in democratic countries,where there are no rebels wanting to overthrow the government,helping to establish democracies around the world will promote international peace.
B)Democracy creates societies that are less violent than those with other forms of government,and therefore the United States should back any insurgents who want to overthrow a repressive government and create a democracy.
C)Because democratic countries are more likely to be open to mutual cooperation and less likely to wage war,the United States should actively encourage other countries to become democracies in order to promote international peace.
D)Democratic peace means that the government of a country and its people are in agreement,so the United States should be prepared to serve as a mediator in any country where a government and its people are at odds to help them reach agreement.
E)Because peaceful democratic countries are more likely to open their doors to trade with the United States,America should actively promote peaceful democracy around the world in order to strengthen the U.S.economy.

Question 58

Which of the following would the president be most likely to consult to determine the best way to use the military to destroy North Korea's nuclear capabilities?

A)the secretary of defense
B)the secretary of Homeland Security
C)the secretary of state
D)the director of National Intelligence
E)the national security advisor

Question 59

Which of the following would be an action for which ethnic lobbyists might advocate by putting pressure the federal government?

A)to open trade with a country that is controlled by a dictator who has committed human rights violations
B)to increase spending for research on race relations in America at an African American university
C)to support and supply foreign aid to a country even if it disrupts American relations with other nations that are at odds with that country
D)to lower tariffs on products imported from another country that are needed to manufacture a product in the United States in order to save American jobs
E)to investigate possible damage to the U.S.economy because a new treaty with another country is causing American employers to move jobs to that country

Question 60

Why has the War Powers Act,which was passed by Congress to limit the president's ability to initiate international conflict,constrained presidents less than its designers had hoped it would?

A)The president has a large group of foreign and defense policy advisors.
B)The president has unlimited appropriations for foreign and defense policy.
C)The president has the power to approve treaties.
D)The president can pass laws that require Congress to act.
E)The president cannot use the military without prior approval from Congress.

Question 61

The primary responsibility of the National Security Council is to advise Congress about national and defense policy.

Question 62

The secretary of __________ is a civilian and a member of the president's Cabinet who advises the president about military policy.

Question 63

U.S.involvement in Vietnam was largely driven by the philosophy of containment.

Question 64

The __________ was the U.S.effort to help rebuild Western Europe after World War II.

Question 65

If Congress does not like the way the president is executing foreign policy,Congress can refuse to appropriate money for the president's policies.

Question 66

Barack Obama's approach to U.S.foreign policy is best described as isolationist.

Question 67

The secretary of state spearheads U.S.diplomatic efforts on behalf of the president.

Question 68

The George W.Bush administration's stated reason for __________ was the danger posed by weapons of mass destruction.

Question 69

U.S.foreign policy toward China is largely driven by the fact that China is a large market in an increasingly global economy.

Question 70

Because of North Korea's lack of compliance with past agreements,many U.S.officials are suspicious of the country's recent offer to suspend its nuclear weapons program and allow international inspections in exchange for food from the United States.

Question 71

The recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were quick and decisive military and diplomatic victories for the United States.

Question 72

The Department of Defense has primary responsibility for intelligence and counterintelligence.

Question 73

The Joint Chiefs of Staff serves as an advisor to the president on military policy.

Question 74

The president traditionally has more influence over foreign policy than does Congress.

Question 75

The __________ is the international organization created after World War II to promote global peace and security.

Question 76

The North American Free Trade Agreement promotes the free exchange of goods and services among the United States,Canada,and Mexico.

Question 77

After World War II,the United States,Canada,and Western Europe formed a peacetime alliance known as the __________.

Question 78

The United States and the Soviet Union were the main adversaries in the Cold War.

Question 79

According to Figure 18.2,the budget for the Department of State has grown considerably faster than has the budget for the Department of Defense.

Question 80

The 2003 war in Iraq was the United States' most immediate and direct response to the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks.