Deck 6: Mass Media: Living in the Electronic Age

Question 1

Ivana almost never uses the phone because she prefers using email to send messages.Which term refers to this kind of interaction?

A) electronic mediation
B) electronically mediated socialization
C) electronically mediated conversation
D) electronically mediated communication

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How did Canada rank,compared to other countries,with respect to engagement in online activities?

A) first
B) third
C) ninth
D) last

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Who is Margaret Atwood?

A) a highly praised Canadian author
B) an owner of Canadian bookstore chains
C) a well-known sociologist who studies mass media
D) a fictional character created by Yann Martel

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Allyson and Jennifer own and run a clothing design and manufacturing shop in a mid-sized city in Western Canada.They market a particular style of adult clothing that caters to adults who spend much of their time in wheelchairs.They recently made the decision to stop advertising in print-based magazines and have moved their marketing and advertising needs strictly to digital copies of magazines.According to the text,which trend have the owners recognized?

A) Advertising to a smaller but very select audience will result in more sales.
B) Digitized copies of magazines reflect a growing environmental shift away from print copies.
C) Print magazines sales have been declining while digitized copies with smaller markets are increasing in popularity.
D) People who purchase their specialized clothing designs are more likely to shop and order online.

Question 5

According to the text,Canada's telecommunications industry has had a growth in revenues because of which increased use in media?

A) flat-screen televisions
B) cellphones
C) high-speed Internet services
D) online gaming

Question 6

With respect to Internet usage,how is Russia unique?

A) Russia has not yet developed wifi.
B) Russia has its own Internet and search engines.
C) Members of the Russian public can use the Internet to monitor the activities of the oligarchy.
D) Russia has no online social networks.

Question 7

Matthew was moving from Saskatoon to Vancouver to start a new job with an architectural firm.He had never driven in Vancouver before and he was using a smartphone app to see an up-to-date map of the area while also getting spoken directions.According to Tomi T.Ahonen,which term refers to Matthew's use of his smartphone?

A) digital multitasking
B) app surfing
C) amplified mapping
D) augmented reality

Question 8

What does recent research suggest about the popularity of e-books?

A) Overall,printed books are less popular than e-books
B) Printed books are more popular than e-books with respect to fictions only
C) E-books are more popular than printed books with respect to nonfiction only
D) Overall e-books are less popular than printed books

Question 9

Marissa is a big fan of a popular TV reality show that features amateur singers performing for industry experts.While watching the show on her TV screen,she uses her smartphone to vote for her favourite performer.Later,she will use her phone to participate in a contest for her favourite TV drama.What term describes Marissa's activity?

A) simultaneous media
B) synchronised multi-screening
C) media overconsumption
D) compulsive media multitasking

Question 10

Earle,a 20-year-old university student,has recently renewed his public library account.He also borrows books from the university library system.He borrows on average 8 to 10 books per month.According to the text,with which research findings does his behaviour correspond?

A) Earle has developed the skill of speed reading due to the vast amount of written information that young readers encounter in the digital age.
B) Research shows that young readers are not yet convinced of the monetary value of e-readers and e-books.
C) Young readers prefer the choice and availability of print books as opposed to being constrained in choice of reading material from a particular e-source.
D) Print books remain more popular than electronic books.

Question 11

Nassir was upset at the one-sided news coverage of a rally he attended.The news on television showed only the police being bombarded by students and there was no mention of the police brutality that began the incident.Nassir decided to upload video of the police attacking his friend onto YouTube.This is a demonstration of which role that YouTube currently plays online?

A) It disrupts traditional forms of media.
B) It is a widely popular source of information.
C) It challenges commercial media.
D) It is exploited by the mass media.

Question 12

Which age group is most likely to multitask by using a cellphone while watching television?

A) 14-17
B) 18-34
C) 35-44
D) 44 and older

Question 13

Why is the music industry at an all-time high,despite decreased sales in nearly all formats (especially digital)?

A) on-demand audio streaming
B) the creation of the bitcoin
C) the popularity of vinyl recordings
D) radio popularity of particular artists

Question 14

According to the text,which medium has had a resurgence because of its use in the music industry?

A) the vinyl record
B) the phonograph
C) the Internet
D) the compact cassette

Question 15

In Canada,what is the most heavily consumed form of mass media?

A) Internet
B) radio
C) television
D) cellphones

Question 16

YouTube is best understood as a "reach business." What does this suggest about YouTube?

A) YouTube carries very diverse content.
B) It is possible for almost anyone to post a video on YouTube.
C) It is still not possible to post controversial content.
D) It enables users to expose themselves to a vast number of visitors.

Question 17

Danielle loves using the mobile apps on her cell phone.She keeps track of the news,does her banking,follows her favourite celebrities,texts her friends,and plays games on the bus.She would prefer to use her apps than have dinner with her family.According to the text,Danielle's activities reflect which major concern associated with all of the electronic-mediated communication?

A) reduced interaction in real life
B) inability to distinguish real life
C) improper grammar resulting from texting
D) eye impairment from screen use

Question 18

According to the text,what is one major aim of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission?

A) to encourage communications that serve the interests of Canadians
B) to encourage ethnic community solidarity
C) to encourage global distribution of Canadian television shows
D) to encourage diversification in programming

Question 19

Which term refers to communications that target large audiences in print or in electronic format using audio and/or images?

A) mass communications
B) mass media
C) technological communications
D) media communications

Question 20

Which term refers to the newly developed digital currency?

A) buycoins
B) digicoins
C) bitcoins
D) bytecoins

Question 21

A media analyst warns that the "media conglomerate" is selectively contributing to hysteria about global warming because the focus is only on stories that allege manmade carbon emissions are the problem.The analyst further states that there are plenty of opposing opinions from credible scientists that don't get airtime.He concludes that we are being deceived with an unbalanced,media-selected view.Which theoretical perspective has informed this critic's observations?

A) functional
B) anarchist
C) postmodern
D) conflict

Question 22

Media can play a role in connecting us to each other in ways that make us more socially aware and responsive to each other,our communities,current events,and many social issues.Into which theoretical framework does this role fit?

A) feminist
B) postmodern
C) holistic
D) functionalist

Question 23

Which statement best describes the functionalist approach to the study of media?

A) It emphasizes the study of traditional rather than new media because it is an older theory.
B) It maintains that a latent function of the media is to provide us with up-to-date information.
C) It argues that the media help us to function in relation to each other.
D) It examines the effects of media at the micro-level.

Question 24

According to the text,what is the term used when a company has exclusive control over a particular product or service such as having exclusive control of news print media for an entire province?

A) socialization
B) monopoly
C) persuasive
D) elite

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a conglomerate?

A) Disney
B) National Amusements
C) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
D) Comcast

Question 26

Which model is being followed by a mass media corporation that pushes a particular political agenda?

A) the conflict model
B) the propaganda model
C) the corporate model
D) the conglomerate model

Question 27

The pilot for a new television show included a character that helped a teenager obtain an abortion.Because a major shareholder on the television network's board of directors was anti-abortion,the show was not purchased.According to the text,what sociological approach could be used to analyze the influence of the shareholder?

A) socialization
B) monopolization
C) functionalist framework
D) conflict framework

Question 28

According to the text,what does a conflict framework analysis of the media attempt to demonstrate?

A) It asserts that multimedia outlets reproduce local community values and interests.
B) It asserts that a monopolized media can shape public perception about certain issues.
C) It asserts that ownership and control of the media is becoming decentralized.
D) It focuses on current trends and values in society to help construct the media's content.

Question 29

According to the discussion in the textbook,which statement best reflects mass media and media ownership?

A) Mass media function as a social institution mainly in countries where media are privately owned.
B) Mass media function as a social institution mainly in countries where media are state owned.
C) State-owned media tend to produce content laden with sex and violence.
D) In countries where media is privately owned,the media content tends to be more prescriptive.

Question 30

Which statement is an assertion reflected in a conflict analysis of the mass media?

A) It serves the economic interests of a few powerful people and organizations.
B) It attempts to suspend bias and be objective.
C) It simply reflects common societal interests.
D) Its news is not filtered nor interpreted but merely reported.

Question 31

Bill and Marta watch the evening news while they eat their dinner.However,while watching the relatively short news clips on TV,they also have their smartphones synced into the program.They are able to follow up on news stories for more in-depth coverage.What is the name given to the specific type of app used to accomplish this task?

A) companion app
B) secondary display app
C) "buddy up" app
D) enhanced display

Question 32

Which statement best outlines a reality of the Canadian Broadcasting Act?

A) It is still legal for foreign entities to own Canadian broadcasting systems.
B) There is no requirement that broadcasting systems use Canadian resources.
C) Some portion of programming needs to be drawn from local,regional,and national sources.
D) The Broadcasting Act can be criticized for its failure to address the issue of diversity.

Question 33

Which term refers to the argument that the media are more successful in telling people what to think about than in telling its audiences what to think?

A) cultivation
B) agenda setting
C) net neutrality
D) augmented reality

Question 34

Which statement best summarizes media concentration in Canada?

A) Concentration is not really an issue in Canada.
B) Concentration is apparent with respect to traditional media but not with respect to new media.
C) Concentration is an issue with respect to new media only.
D) Concentrated ownership has resulted in highly selective reporting.

Question 35

If a functionalist analysis of the mass media is done,what would be the focus of the work?

A) how the media is used to make society function more efficiently
B) how the media makes life easier for members of society
C) how the media disrupts old practices and creates new practices
D) how the media contributes to the maintenance of stability in society

Question 36

The five largest American media-interest corporations have holdings of diversified media companies.According to the text,what specific name is given to this kind of corporation?

A) diversified corporation
B) conglomerate
C) media mogul
D) monopoly

Question 37

Which statement best summarizes the arguments of Herman and Chomsky?

A) Media concentration encourages the diffusion of propaganda.
B) Contemporary media are supportive of democratic values.
C) Media may be said to manufacture dissent.
D) The media serve an important watchdog function with respect to the powerful in society.

Question 38

An elderly woman received a new smartphone as gift from her children.She did not know that she should set up a password to protect her phone.According to the text,this scenario reflects which particular concern identified by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada's (2012)report?

A) Canadians did not indicate any significant concerns related to media use and privacy related issues.
B) Canadians consider themselves to be knowledgeable concerning their privacy rights and are very concerned about the protection of their privacy.
C) Canadians were content to follow the American standards of media use and personal privacy policy.
D) Canadians were confident that the RCMP,CRTC,and Privacy Commissioner of Canada were firmly in control of the policies and regulations regarding privacy protection.

Question 39

Which of the following is a crown corporation?

A) CTV
B) City TV
C) CBS
D) CBC

Question 40

Which statement best describes the recording industry in Canada?

A) It is the only industry which is almost completely owned by Canadians.
B) It is the only industry which has avoided the problem of ownership concentration.
C) Canadian recording companies are all owned by one of three international parent companies.
D) There are now per capita more independently-owned recording companies than at any point in history.

Question 41

On a television newscast,where would framing likely settle?

A) news anchor
B) sportscaster
C) field reporter
D) weather person

Question 42

According to the text,the "sizing" of a news story involves which of the following considerations?

A) how a story is framed
B) how a story is presented in relation to other stories
C) who the reporter is
D) what the story is

Question 43

How would Robert Entman label the framing technique used when a news story is placed in the context of a larger political system or issue?

A) cultivation
B) agency
C) generalization
D) categorization

Question 44

"Everywhere I turn,there is a story about the trial of a man who murdered his wife.It's on the front page of every paper and the lead story in every broadcast,covering every detail.It's like nothing else is going on in the world." According to the text,what kind of analysis of the new coverage does this statement provide?

A) placement
B) narrative
C) leading
D) sizing

Question 45

Jack buys a Nike shirt.He does not realize that his choice has likely been influenced by the main character in the movie he watched last night who was wearing a Nike shirt.According to Karen Dill-Shackleford,why are we regularly influenced by the media?

A) We mimic Hollywood stars whom we see in the media.
B) We follow popular trends portrayed in the media.
C) We purchase quality products we see stars using in the media.
D) We believe we are invulnerable to such messages.

Question 46

If news of an event is prominently displayed in multiple media for several days it is likely to be understood by the public as an important event.Which determinant of framing is this an example of?

A) displaying
B) featuring
C) prominentness
D) sizing

Question 47

What is one negative consequence of the consolidation of media properties?

A) narrowcasting-fragmentation of programming to specialty or niches
B) globalization-a boy in Mumbai listening to Mustang Sally on his MP3
C) making the media less open and diverse in terms of ideas and cultural products
D) sharing critical information/news around the world almost instantaneously

Question 48

A newspaper headline reads "Local youth admits to online prank." Which framing device is this an example of?

A) agency
B) identification
C) categorization
D) attribution

Question 49

According to the text,what is the most researched topic in the area of mass media?

A) stereotypes
B) women
C) advertising
D) violence

Question 50

News headlines such as "Radicalization an issue for Imams" and "RCMP determined to identify radicalized citizens/Imams urged to cooperate" serve to frame concerns over responsibility for alleged terrorist actions in Canada.To which of the four properties of news narratives does this scenario refer?

A) saliency
B) agency
C) categorization
D) identification

Question 51

According to the text,significant exposure to which media can lead girls to have restricted notions of female beauty?

A) books
B) video games
C) magazines
D) television

Question 52

According to Robert Entman,which of the following is NOT used by the media to frame and create meanings in news narratives,highlighting certain aspects of a news event?

A) cultivation
B) agency
C) generalization
D) categorization

Question 53

What do the companies that dominate the mass media do on a regular basis?

A) influence what topics we are interested in
B) provide unbiased information
C) give voice to the underdogs of society
D) provide points of view on a single topic

Question 54

What does the paradox identified by Karen Dill-Shackleford suggest?

A) The media are far less powerful than people presume.
B) The role of fictional media content is simple entertainment.
C) We fail to recognize the influence that media have in our lives.
D) Most of us recognize how vulnerable we are to media influence.

Question 55

Which term refers to an overgeneralization about a group that is often based on faulty assumptions?

A) critique
B) complaint
C) stereotype
D) framing

Question 56

According to the text,why is it so hard to study the media influence in society?

A) There are too many media to obtain a comprehensive study.
B) Media exposure is different for every individual.
C) People do not accurately report the influence of the media.
D) Media-specific studies are of more relevance.

Question 57

A newspaper headline reads,"Police Chief says no one is safe from threat." Which framing device is this an example of?

A) agency
B) identification
C) categorization
D) attribution

Question 58

In a picture,there is a group of people divided by a long,narrow red carpet.Walking down the carpet is a woman in a white dress and a man in a tuxedo.What sociological term best explains why most Canadians would interpret this picture as a wedding?

A) religion
B) ideology
C) representation
D) sizing

Question 59

A large oil company also owns a chain of print and broadcast news media.At one of its gas stations there is a large fuel spill,which leaks into a nearby harbour.This incident caused significant environmental damage,yet nothing was reported about it in the company's news media.What kind of media activity is represented by the absence of reporting this news in the company-owned papers,and on its radio and television stations?

A) biasing
B) sizing
C) controlling
D) obscuring

Question 60

According to research discussed in the textbook,how are women on television most frequently portrayed?

A) secretaries
B) victims
C) teachers
D) sisters

Question 61

Which statement best describes to children's exposure to media violence in Canada?

A) There is currently no program in place in Canada to monitor children's exposure to violence.
B) Only American programs broadcast in Canada must include show ratings and blocking technology embedded in the broadcast signal.
C) V-chips allow Canadian parents to customize what their children watch at home.
D) Currently,Canadian networks do not have to alert audience members to the fact that program content might include violence,coarse language,sexuality,and/or mature themes.

Question 62

Olympia believes that women should not be on the street alone after dark because they will likely be raped or killed.She draws this conclusion based on all of the police dramas she watches on television.What sociological term would Gerbner and his colleagues use to explain her fear?

A) imagined fear syndrome
B) mediated fear syndrome
C) street violence syndrome
D) mean world syndrome

Question 63

What is the majority opinion among researchers about television violence?

A) It has a strong negative impact on young children.
B) It has little or no impact on everyday life.
C) It is a major contributor to violent crime.
D) Research results are inconclusive.

Question 64

According to social learning theory,what is a consequence of media violence?

A) Media violence has no impact on aggression in children.
B) Media teaches children scripts about how and when to behave aggressively.
C) Media effects of violence are offset by pro-social family socialization.
D) Media effects on violence are inconclusive in most social research.

Question 65

An eight-year-old boy grows up in a home where his father demonstrates ethnic intolerance.One day while watching TV,the boy's father yells at a man on the television: "Why don't you go back home where you belong?" The next day the boy sees a schoolmate of the same ethnic background and repeats what he heard his father say.What predicts this kind of behaviour from the boy?

A) observational theory
B) technological theory
C) critical theory
D) social learning theory

Question 66

Albert Bandura's classic study in social psychology used a "Bobo the Clown" toy to study which theoretical concept?

A) social learning theory
B) violent tendency theory
C) desensitization theory
D) cultivation theory

Question 67

Cultivation analysis is about how people with long-term exposure to something develop,or cultivate,perceptions that are at odds with reality.With respect to television violence,which term captures this effect?

A) mean world syndrome
B) mean streets syndrome
C) violence begets violence
D) sticks and stones effect

Question 68

What does cultivation theory focus on?

A) diminished emotional reactions to violence over time
B) the imitation of filmed role models
C) the development of a mean world syndrome over time
D) the effect of hip hop lyrics on music fans

Question 69

Which theory best explains why there is a tendency for horror films to become increasingly gruesome and violent over the life of a franchise?

A) conflict theory
B) desensitization theory
C) cultivation theory
D) agenda-setting theory

Question 70

According to the text,which theory states that repeated exposure to television violence results in cumulative effects on viewers?

A) violent theory
B) desensitization theory
C) cumulative theory
D) cultivation theory

Question 71

Which statement best describes research on social learning theory?

A) It found that children will copy the aggressive actions of an adult behaving violently only if they observe the behaviour in person.
B) It found that children will copy the aggressive actions of an adult behaving violently only if they observe the behaviour on film.
C) It suggests that the theory provides a useful explanation of copycat crimes.
D) It suggests that imitation is not the mechanism by which people behave in violent fashion.

Question 72

A researcher conducts an analysis of people's television viewing habits and their perceptions of the world,and concludes that people who watch more television tend toward a greater perception of being victimized by criminals.What term best categorizes this kind of analysis?

A) survey analysis
B) perception analysis
C) cultivation analysis
D) self-analysis

Question 73

According to the text,how might parents reduce the amount of violence to which their children are exposed?

A) use V-chips and other program-blocking technology
B) encourage playing video games instead of television viewing
C) spend time with their children
D) contact the Action Group on Violence on Television

Question 74

In traditional mass media content,how are men most likely to be portrayed?

A) problem-solvers
B) comic characters
C) involved in violence
D) news reporters

Question 75

Billy is 15 and he watches a lot of television,especially cop shows and gory movies.He also spends time playing first-person shooter games online.Although Billy lives in a safe area,he carries a knife "just to feel safe." Which term best identifies Billy's condition?

A) the violence delusion
B) mean world syndrome
C) screen-time paranoia
D) mean streets syndrome

Question 76

According to the text,what does the social learning perspective tell us about violent behaviours?

A) People are intrinsically aggressive.
B) Nonviolent people prefer to watch violent TV.
C) Aggression stems from lack of socialization.
D) Aggression is learned like any other behaviour.

Question 77

Compared to those who watch less TV,which statement best describes girls who are heavy TV viewers?

A) They are more likely to have wide friendship groups.
B) They are more likely to have highly diverse notions of beauty.
C) They place more emphasis on problem solving.
D) They are more likely to think that beauty is important.

Question 78

Gary has watched many violent movies and television shows so he no longer cringes at watching people get stabbed multiple times.What would best explain his lack of reaction to such acts of violence?

A) reductive theory
B) observational theory
C) desensitization theory
D) cultivation theory

Question 79

In our culture,at what age do girls internalize the dominant conception of female beauty?

A) 1 or 2
B) 4 or 5
C) 10 or 12
D) 15 or 16

Question 80

With respect to the research on media violence,which statement best reflects violence in Canadian media?

A) Studies consistently show that violence in media is a major theme only in adult television programs.
B) Researchers have neglected the study of the link between media violence and real life violence.
C) Studies of violence in video games have led to many games being banned in Canada.
D) The most popular video games are those which have violent content.