Deck 6: Eurasian Social Hierarchies, 500 Bce500 Ce

Question 1

What evidence do scholars rely on to learn about people who left behind no written record?

Answer 1

Answer would ideally include:
•Artifacts, pottery, tools
•Buildings (temples, monuments, houses)
•Burial sites (mounds)
•Linguistic similarities between different societies in a region
•Changes to geographical landscape (terraced hillsides)

Question 2

The political organization of the Maya was most like the

A) city-states of classical Greece.
B) imperial state of Rome.
C) civilization of the Niger Valley.
D) kingdom of Axum.

Answer 2

city-states of classical Greece.

Question 3

Which of the following has been identified as a factor contributing to the collapse of the Maya civilization in the ninth century C·E·.?

A) Foreign invasion
B) Volcanic eruption
C) Long-term drought
D) Widespread rebellions

Answer 3

Long-term drought

Question 4

Although Bantu Africa, the Ancestral Pueblo, and the Mound Builders are usually not regarded as civilizations, what features did they exhibit that suggest the existence of complex societies?

Question 5

How did geography and environment shape the rise and fall of civilizations and cultures in Africa and the Americas?

Question 6

What factors contributed to the development of civilization in the Niger Valley?

Question 7

The Maya and Axum were similar because both

A) did not practice agriculture.
B) possessed written scripts.
C) left behind few stone monuments.
D) did not engage in trade.

Question 8

How did the absence of most animals capable of domestication affect developments in the Americas?

A) Few pastoral societies developed.
B) Agriculture did not develop independently.
C) Metallurgy was more highly developed.
D) A plow-based farming system developed.

Question 9

What language was spoken by the groups of people who had spread throughout most of southern and eastern Africa by the classical era?

A) Bantu
B) Hebrew
C) Latin
D) Greek

Question 10

In the classical era, the continents had an unequal population distribution, with the vast majority of the world's people living in

A) North America.
B) Central/South America.
C) Eurasia.
D) Africa.

Question 11

What are the major ways in which contact with Eurasia influenced the development of African civilizations?

Question 12

What were the fundamental differences between the development of civilizations in the Americas and the development of civilizations elsewhere?

Question 13

Vertical integration-the effort to control a variety of ecological zones where different crops and animals could flourish-characterized the civilizations of

A) Bantu Africa.
B) Pacific Oceania.
C) Mesoamerica.
D) Mesopotamia.

Question 14

Which of the following was an advantage that Bantu-speaking farmers had in their encounters with gathering and hunting groups?

A) Horse-drawn chariots
B) Yam-based agriculture
C) Gunpowder formula
D) Ironworking technology

Question 15

In contrast to cities in other civilizations, cities in the Niger Valley civilization

A) had their own centralized political structure headed by a monarch.
B) were run by complex bureaucracies.
C) were part of a larger imperial system.
D) operated without the coercive authority of a state.

Question 16

What were the key features of religious life in Pacific Oceania?

Question 17

Which of the following limited the agricultural productivity of most regions in Africa?

A) Lack of state control and coordination of the irrigation system
B) Heavy but sometimes erratic rainfall followed by long dry seasons
C) The network of rivers running throughout the continent
D) The scarcity of raw materials and absence of iron tools

Question 18

During the classical era, metallurgy was least developed in

A) the Americas.
B) East Asia.
C) North Africa.
D) Western Europe.

Question 19

Which of the following cultures produced a written language?

A) Maya
B) Maori
C) Moche
D) Bantu

Question 20

What were the major contributions of the Bantu-speaking peoples to African history and culture?

Question 21

The decline of Meroë and the rise of Axum were both connected to

A) extended ecological changes associated with El Niño episodes.
B) the shift of long-distance trade from the Nile Valley to the Red Sea.
C) the spread of Christianity across much of Africa.
D) the military expeditions of the Roman Empire into North Africa.

Question 22

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Second-wave era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 23

In contrast to Maya art, the artwork of Teotihuacán

A) depicted jaguar-human figures.
B) displayed realistic rather than stylized, abstract images.
C) revealed few images of self-glorifying rulers.
D) incorporated an elaborate written script.

Question 24

A distinctive feature of the Hopewell culture in the eastern woodlands of North America was the

A) construction of underground tunnels.
B) creation of geometric earthworks.
C) development of plow-based agriculture.
D) establishment of a maritime empire.

Question 25

The Southeast Ceremonial Complex refers to the loose networks that connected the societies of the

A) city-states of Southeast Asia.
B) urban complexes of Wari and Tiwanaku.
C) eastern woodlands of North America.
D) islands of Pacific Oceania.

Question 26

Which of the following explains why the island societies of Pacific Oceania constitute a single cultural region despite the vast distances separating them?

A) Their worship of the same pantheon of gods
B) Their common origin in Island Southeast Asia
C) Their practice of corn-based agriculture
D) Their mastery of ironworking technology

Question 27

What do the remains of the Moche civilization suggest was important to its rulers?

A) Peace and meditation
B) War and ceremony
C) Nature and farming
D) Education and democracy

Question 28

Which of the following did not develop in the human communities that emerged in Bantu Africa, North America, and Pacific Oceania?

A) Agriculture
B) Inequalities
C) Culture
D) Empires

Question 29

Outside the Mesoamerican and Andean regions, most people living in the Americas in the pre-Columbian era

A) obtained their food supply by gathering and hunting.
B) practiced an intensive form of agriculture.
C) lived in densely populated urban centers.
D) engaged in long-distance trade with one another.

Question 30

Which of the following describes a feature of Bantu religion?

A) It was concerned with explaining, predicting, and controlling local affairs.
B) It claimed to be a universal religion and had a strong missionary impulse.
C) It incorporated many Christian elements imported from the Roman Empire.
D) It viewed God as remote and largely uninvolved in ordinary life.

Question 31

The culture of Meroë showed a shift away from the influence of

A) Egypt.
B) Greece.
C) China.
D) India.

Question 32

How did sharing a common border affect relations between the inland empires of Wari and Tiwanaku?

A) They exchanged knowledge, as seen in the Tiwanaku adoption of the hillside terracing style of farming developed by the Wari.
B) They appeared to get along because there was little overt conflict or warfare between them.
C) People living along the border intermarried and created a hybrid culture that became the common culture of the entire Andean region over time.
D) Caravans of llamas from each empire gathered at the border to trade goods.

Question 33

Christianity in Axum most closely identified with which church?

A) The Coptic Church in Egypt
B) The Catholic Church in Rome
C) The Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople
D) The Church of the East in Syria

Question 34

Which statement describes the relationship between the civilizations in Mesoamerica and those in the Andes?

A) They gradually merged to create a hybrid culture.
B) They frequently fought with each other.
C) They had little if any direct contact with each other.
D) They enjoyed equal diplomatic relations.

Question 35

The society of which group of people is considered to be less patriarchal due to its system of gender parallelism, which associated female roles with village life and male roles with hunting and forest life?

A) Ancestral Pueblo
B) Hopewell
C) Bantu
D) Wari

Question 36

Archaeological evidence suggests that the village located at Chavín was the center for

A) political experiments with democracy that predated classical Greece.
B) the study of science and medicine that sparked the Scientific Revolution.
C) a slave-based economy that became the prototype for the plantation system.
D) a religious movement that spread throughout much of the Andes.

Question 37

According to one historian, "the greatest maritime expansion known to history" occurred in

A) the Caribbean.
B) the Mediterranean.
C) Pacific Oceania.
D) Mesoamerica.

Question 38

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Gradual migration of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria and the Cameroons into most of eastern and southern Africa, a process that began around 3000 B·C·E·. and continued for several millennia. The agricultural techniques and ironworking technology of these farmers gave them an advantage over the gathering and hunting peoples they encountered.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 39

Which of the following was a point of contact between Asia and Africa?

A) Pacific Oceania
B) Micronesia
C) Madagascar
D) Arabia

Question 40

Which of the following benefited the most from the coastal trade routes shown in Map 6.1 in the textbook?

A) Nubia
B) Axum
C) Marrakesh
D) San

Question 41

Personal Reflection: The civilizations and cultures covered in Chapter 6 of the textbook are often left out of public school education. Which of these cultures was the most surprising to you, and why?

Question 42

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
City in southern Nubia that was the center of Nubian civilization between 300 B·C·E·. and 100 C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 43

Comparative Analysis: Discuss the importance of ritual or ceremonial centers in the development of American civilizations.

Question 44

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
High-ranking island in western Micronesia involved in a system of exchange with the other islands in the Caroline Island chain. They traded sea turtles, coconuts, and breadfruit. This powerful island periodically received payments of woven cloth, coconut products, mats, and shells from islands of lesser rank. In return, this island gave to its subordinates gifts that exceeded the value of their tribute.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 45

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Name given to a major process of settlement and societal organization that occurred in the period 860-1130 C·E·. in what is now northwestern New Mexico; the society formed is notable for its settlement in large pueblos and for the building of hundreds of miles of roads (the purpose of which is not known).

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 46

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The largest city of pre-Columbian America, with a population between 100,000 and 200,000; seemingly built according to a plan in the Valley of Mexico, it flourished between 300 and 600 C·E·., during which time it governed or influenced much of the surrounding region. Its name is an Aztec term meaning "city of the gods."

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 47

Comparative Analysis: Compare the development of Axum and Meroë in northeastern Africa with the development of the Maya and Teotihuacán in Mesoamerica.

Question 48

Drawing from the examples provided in Chapter 6 of the textbook, explain why certain societies are categorized as civilizations while others are excluded.

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Two concepts found in Oceania's religious life. One was a spiritual energy or power that was associated especially with chiefs and was demonstrated by remarkable actions or great success. The other was the ritual restrictions or prohibitions practiced in order to maintain the purity of the spiritual energy or power.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 50

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen structures, which were built during the period 2000 B·C·E·.-1250 C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Two states that flourished between 400 and 1000 C·E·. in the highlands of modern Bolivia and Peru. At their height they possessed urban capitals, with populations in the tens of thousands, and productive agricultural systems.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 53

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Distinctive city-based civilization that flourished from about 300 B·C·E·. to about 900 C·E·. in the floodplain of a river and that included major cities like Jenne-jeno; this civilization is particularly noteworthy for its apparent lack of centralized state structures, having been organized instead in clusters of economically specialized settlements.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A major civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 55

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B·C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 56

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
An important regional civilization of Peru that was governed by warrior-priests; flourished from around 100 to 800 C·E·.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 57

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Ruler of Kush (r. 752 to 721 B·C·E·.) who conquered Egypt and reunited it under his rule.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Island society in the central Pacific with widespread military and commercial influence. Some scholars see it as an incipient empire, while others view it as a tributary network or a system of economic interdependence.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap

Question 59

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Micronesian island where an urban complex, constructed from stone and coral, served as the ceremonial, administrative, and burial center of a powerful Saudeleur dynasty that governed the island for several centuries.

A)Meroë
B)Piye
C)Axum
D)Niger Valley civilization
E)Maya civilization
F)Teotihuacán
G)Chavín
H)Moche
I)Wari and Tiwanaku
J)Bantu expansion
K)Chaco Phenomenon
L)Mound Builders
M)Cahokia
N)Pohnpei
O)Tonga
P)mana and tapu
Q)Yap