Deck 11: Stress and Health

Question 1

Research shows that ________ lowers blood pressure in those observed.

A) sensory deprivation
B) concentrative meditation
C) sublimation
D) implosive meditation
Chapter 11 - Quick Quiz 2

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is one reason why living in poverty is stressful?

A) lack of meaningfulness of work.
B) too many hours of unpleasant shift work
C) increased rates of disabilities due to poor prenatal care
D) difficulty assimilating to the majority culture's ways

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

A) Stress
B) Burnout
C) Dysphoria
D) Distress

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as ________.

A) a defense mechanism
B) problem-focused coping
C) self-focused coping
D) emotion-focused coping

Question 5

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

A) approach-avoid
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) incompatible demands

Question 6

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 7

Coping with stress in the Vietnamese culture typically includes which of the following?

A) eating certain foods
B) using biofeedback
C) exercising
D) engaging in a hobby

Question 8

The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the dominant, or majority, culture is called ________.

A) acculturative stress
B) acculturation
C) integration
D) assimilation

Question 9

Which of the following is usually the first step in the practice of mindfulness meditation?

A) Selecting a single word, a mantra, to focus on.
B) Giving control of one's consciousness to another individual.
C) Sitting on a cushion with crossed legs or in a chair with a straight back.
D) Taking a muscle relaxant or an anesthetic.
Chapter 11 - Quick Quiz 1

Question 10

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an e-mail attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of ________.

A) uplift
B) hassles
C) downturns
D) distress

Question 11

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________ impact on one's ability to be creative.

A) no
B) a positive
C) a negative
D) some

Question 12

An event that causes some sort of stress reaction is referred to as ________.

A) a hassle
B) a catastrophe
C) eustress
D) a stressor

Question 13

According to some studies, people who have religious commitments are likely to ________.

A) live a shorter life than are those who do not have religious beliefs
B) lack a social support system
C) feel alone with their struggles
D) live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs

Question 14

The most extreme, final form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________.

A) suicide
B) anhedonia
C) leaving the country
D) divorce

Question 15

Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

A) somatic and parasympathetic
B) autonomic and sympathetic
C) sympathetic and parasympathetic
D) central and somatic

Question 16

________ people typically do not to live as long as the average life expectancy.

A) Aggressive
B) Easygoing
C) Cheerful
D) Active

Question 17

Working a second job to pay off credit cards is an example of ________.

A) problem-focused coping
B) emotion-focused coping
C) distraction
D) reappraisal

Question 18

________ refers to the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.

A) Acute stress
B) Eustress
C) Catastrophic stress
D) Distress

Question 19

Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

A) divorce
B) marriage
C) death of a spouse
D) damage to the home

Question 20

The field of ________ studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior on the immune system.

A) social psychology
B) psychoneuroimmunology
C) organic medicine
D) interactive psychology

Question 21

Professor Willoughby assigns his class a term paper that is to make up 30% of their final grade. The students are given clear guidelines about what is expected in this assignment and are given two months to complete the assignment. Because students know that this paper is important, but not the only thing upon which their grades will be based, this assignment would be likely to cause ________.

A) frustration Incorrect. Students might indeed feel frustrated at the need for a term paper to be written, but eustress is the best answer.
B) distress
C) aggression
D) eustress Correct. Because this paper is important, it will motivate the students' best work without becoming destructive to their ability to get the job done.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 22

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an email attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of ________.

A) uplifts
B) hassles Correct. Burning toast and breaking a glass are considered hassles, which are daily annoyances in everyday life.
C) downturns
D) distress Incorrect. Distress is the effect of stress, whereas hassles are a cause of stress.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 23

________ refers to the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.

A) Acute stress
B) Eustress Incorrect. Eustress results from positive events.
C) Distress Correct. Distress occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors.
D) Catastrophic stress TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 24

________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

A) Stress Correct. Stress is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.
B) Burnout
C) Dysphoria
D) Distress Incorrect. Distress is the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 25

Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

A) divorce Incorrect. Divorce is associated with 75 units, whereas the death of a spouse is associated with 100.
B) marriage
C) death of a spouse Correct. Death of a spouse is perceived to require the most adjustment.
D) damage to the home TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 26

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure stress due to ________.

A) natural disasters
B) major life changes Correct. Holmes and Rahe developed the SRRS to measure stress due to major life changes, both positive and negative.
C) social difficulties
D) negative life events Incorrect. Holmes and Rahe developed the SRRS to measure stress due to life events that were both positive and negative.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 27

Hachi is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8
A) stress Incorrect. Stress refers to the psychological and physical response to a stimulus that alters the body's equilibrium.

A)m. tomorrow. The deadline is an example of a ________.
B) stressor Correct. A stressor is a stimulus that throws the body's equilibrium out of balance.
C) stress response
D) stress reaction TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 28

When thinking about GREs, applying to graduate school, and studying for midterms, Nichole starts to have sweaty palms and a racing heart. It is MOST probable that Nichole is responding to ________ in her life.

A) T cells
B) the pressure Incorrect. Pressure, either that to perform or that to conform, can be one important type of stressor.
C) stressors Correct. Stressors are stimuli that throw the body's equilibrium out of balance.
D) lymphocytes TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 29

An events that causes some sort of stress reaction is referred to as ________.

A) a hassle Incorrect. Hassles may indeed cause stress, but sometimes stress is caused by factors that would not be described as hassles.
B) a catastrophe
C) eustress
D) a stressor Correct. Stressors are defined as events that cause a stress reaction.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 30

________ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being.

A) Acute stress
B) Eustress Correct. Eustress is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being.
C) Distress Incorrect. Distress results from unpleasant events.
D) Catastrophic stress TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 31

According to Holmes and Rahe, a person who scores over 300 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future?

A) more frequent changes of job
B) a divorce Incorrect. Divorce does cause stress, but it is not likely to be the result of stress.
C) commission of a crime
D) a higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident Correct. A score of over 300 suggests a high level of stress and, therefore, the possibility of experiencing more health problems than usual or an accident.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 32

The term hassles refers to________.

A) minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work Incorrect. Hassles are minor annoyances in our everyday lives.
B) personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal
C) the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals
D) minor annoyances of everyday life Correct. Hassles are minor annoyances of everyday life.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 33

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat?

A) major life changes Incorrect. Major life changes are important personal events that are both positive and negative, such as marriage, job loss, or the loss of a spouse.
B) catastrophes Correct. Unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat are called catastrophes.
C) hassles
D) eustress TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 34

An assessment developed by Holmes and Rahe in 1967 that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life changes over one year is called the ________.

A) secondary appraisal
B) primary appraisal
C) Social Readjustment Rating Scale Correct. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale is an assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life changes over one year.
D) College Undergraduate Stress Scale Incorrect. The College Undergraduate Stress Scale measures the amount of stress in a college student's life.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 35

The ________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life resulting from major life changes.

A) University Students Stress Assessment (USSA)
B) College Students New Experiences Assessment Scale (CSNEAS)
C) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) Incorrect. This assessment may not include the most common life events of a college student.
D) College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) Correct. The CUSS is a scale that measures stressors in a student's life.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 36

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress related to ________.

A) both positive and negative life events Correct. The SRRS measures both positive and negative events associated with stress.
B) only negative life events Incorrect. The SRRS measures stress related to both positive and negative events.
C) only positive life events
D) internal stressors TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 37

Which of the following are considered emotional, as opposed to mental, symptoms of stress?

A) sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, nausea
B) depression, fear, anger Correct. Depression, fear, and anger are emotional symptoms of stress.
C) difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating on tasks Incorrect. Difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, and difficulty concentrating on tasks are mental/cognitive, not emotional, symptoms of stress.
D) eating too much, smoking or drinking more than usual, hitting people or throwing things TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 38

Which of the following are considered mental symptoms of stress?

A) sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, anger
B) depression, fear, irritability Incorrect. Depression, fear, and irritability are emotional symptoms of stress.
C) difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating Correct. Difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, and difficulty concentrating are all mental symptoms of stress.
D) chest pains, nausea, memory loss TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 39

Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and ________.

A) colds and headaches Correct. The stress caused by lots of hassles is associated with minor, short-term illnesses.
B) cancer and heart disease
C) hypertension and obesity Incorrect. The more serious conditions of hypertension and obesity are associated with major life changes, not with mere hassles.
D) heart disease and schizophrenia TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 40

According to Lazarus, hassles ________.

A) have a long-term effect on a person's chronic physical and mental health. Incorrect. Major life events may have a long-term effect on physical and mental health.
B) can arise from major life changes Correct. According to Lazarus, hassles can be compared to the "ripples" left behind when a rock is thrown into a pond (a major life change).
C) nullify the stress that arises from major life changes
D) are unrelated to stress TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 41

Gloria is a tax accountant who is very busy from January to April 15, which is the tax return filing deadline. She feels that she must work very long hours during this time to meet the April 15 deadline for all of her clients. Gloria is experiencing ________.

A) anxiety Incorrect. Anxiety may be a result of pressure. Gloria is experiencing pressure as a result of her need to work longer hours to meet a deadline.
B) pressure Correct. Gloria is experiencing pressure as a result of her need to meet a deadline.
C) frustration
D) cognitive dissonance TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 42

Fabiana is beginning to realize that so-called "surprise quizzes" in her math class really aren't too much of a surprise at all, since they tend to occur every week. Accordingly, she accepts that fact and regularly reviews the course material. This example BEST illustrates that ________.

A) there can be a mismatch between perceived control and the preferred level of control
B) coping is a whimsical process
C) perceiving a lack of control typically produces stress Incorrect. This statement is true, but it does not apply to Fabiana's circumstance.
D) events beyond our control can still be predictable Correct. Even if we don't have the immediate ability to control circumstances, we can often still be aware of things to come.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 43

Frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics is called ________.

A) external frustration Incorrect. External frustration comes from blockage by an outside source.
B) internal conflict
C) a hassle
D) personal frustration Correct. Internal, also known as personal, frustration is due to personal characteristics.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 44

All of the following are sources of stress EXCEPT________.

A) pressure
B) frustration Incorrect. Frustration is a source of stress.
C) uncontrollability
D) aggression Correct. Aggression may be a reaction to the stress of frustration, but is not a source of stress.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 45

An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________.

A) anxiety Incorrect. A feeling of anxiety is perhaps the result of an urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source.
B) pressure Correct. An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called pressure.
C) overload
D) cognitive dissonance TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 46

Frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics is called ________.

A) external frustration Incorrect. External frustration comes from blockage by an outside source.
B) a personal conflict
C) a hassle
D) internal frustration Correct. Internal, also known as personal, frustration is due to personal characteristics.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 47

Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. He has encouraged him to get good grades, graduate college earlier than his peers, and work as hard as he can. Jacob does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Jacob is responding to ________.

A) anxiety Incorrect. Jacob is responding to his father's expectations, which are causing him to feel pressure.
B) pressure Correct. Jacob is responding to pressure or expectations for his behavior from an outside source-in this case, his father.
C) overload
D) cognitive dissonance TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 48

Min-Jee is currently very concerned about a recent increase in fighting among her family members. When talking with her therapist, she notes that this has been her biggest concern lately. According to the research into the severity of different hassles, which of the following statements is probably true about Min-Jee's age?

A) Min-Jee is 4 years old. Incorrect. Fighting among family members is probably very stressful for toddlers, but kids between the ages of 3 and 5 report that being teased is their biggest concern.
B) Min-Jee is an adult. Correct. Research suggests that fighting among family members is the greatest source of stress for adults.
C) Min-Jee is an adolescent.
D) Min-Jee is elderly. TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 49

________ occurs when a person is blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.

A) Uncontrollability Incorrect. Uncontrollability refers specifically to lack of control over events rather than to the general problem of being blocked from achieving a goal. However, lack of control might be the cause of a person's inability to achieve a goal.
B) Conflict
C) Pressure
D) Frustration Correct. Frustration occurs when a person is prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 50

Researchers found that the ________ of daily hassles was a better predictor of headaches than were scores on a life events scale.

A) duration Incorrect. Researchers found that it was not the duration of daily hassles, but their perceived severity, that was a better predictor of headaches than were scores on a life events scale.
B) type
C) negative quality
D) perceived severity Correct. Researchers found that it was not so much the number of daily hassles that predicted headaches but rather the perceived severity of the hassles.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT an example of an external frustration?

A) uncontrollability Correct. Uncontrollability is a factor that contributes to a person's level of stress, but it is not an example of frustration.
B) losses
C) rejections
D) delays Incorrect. Delays are a classic example of external frustration, in which external factors are blocking an individual from achieving a goal.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 52

Jacinta finds applying for graduate school to be frustrating. She believes that the entire process is random. As such, this example highlights the role of ________ in coping.

A) uncontrollability Correct. Research has found that higher levels of perceived control are related to lower levels of stress.
B) self-monitoring
C) action
D) optimism Incorrect. There is certainly a relationship between perceived control and optimism, but optimism is not the best answer to this question.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 53

According to a recent study, what is the biggest hassle reported by children between the ages of 11 and 15?

A) feeling pressure to use drugs Correct. This is the stressor that children in this age range report as their biggest.
B) not having the clothing styles they want
C) fear of new school situations Incorrect. This one would make sense, but since it can be overcome so quickly, it is not the right answer.
D) fear of getting into trouble at school or home TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 54

The first response that people typically make to frustration is ________.

A) persistence Correct. Persistence is the first response people make to frustration.
B) increasing efforts
C) varying efforts
D) aggression Incorrect. People tend to resort to aggression only if persistence does not pay off.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 55

Desiring to purchase a book and finding that it is out of stock is an example of an ________.

A) external frustration Correct. External frustrations come from blockage by an outside source.
B) internal conflict
C) external conflict
D) internal frustration Incorrect. The unavailability of the book is a frustration that is coming from an outside source.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 56

Which of the following statements is NOT true about hassles at different developmental stages?

A) Elderly people are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather than are children and younger adults.
B) Younger adults are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather than are elderly people. Correct. The statement is not true because elderly people are more affected than young people by the hassles of going shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather.
C) For children ages 3 to 5, the biggest hassle is getting teased. Incorrect. The statement is true because children ages 3 to 5 reported their biggest hassle is getting teased.
D) Youth 11 to 15 years old report feeling pressure to use drugs. TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 57

Joey put a quarter in the gumball machine only to find that the machine was not working. He continued to turn the dial on the machine in the hope that he would retrieve a gumball. Joey's behavior is called ________.

A) persistence Correct. Persistence is the continuation of efforts to get what is wanted. In this case, Joey continued to turn the dial.
B) increasing efforts
C) varying efforts
D) aggression Incorrect. Aggression is the commission of acts meant to harm or destroy.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 58

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________ impact on one's ability to be creative.

A) no
B) a positive Incorrect. Amabile found that creativity and innovation decrease when time pressure is applied.
C) a negative Correct. Amabile found that creativity and innovation decrease when time pressure is applied.
D) little TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 59

Bettina is 6 feet tall and desires to become a ballerina. Unfortunately, she is having difficulty being accepted into a ballet troupe because of her height. Bettina is experiencing ________.

A) external frustration Incorrect. External frustration comes from blockage by an outside source.
B) internal conflict
C) external conflict
D) internal frustration Correct. Bettina's frustration is not due to an outside source, but rather to a personal characteristic-her height.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 60

The ________ control one has, the ________ the degree of stress.

A) more; greater
B) less; greater Correct. The less control one has, the greater the degree of stress.
C) less; lower
D) Control has nothing to do with stress. Incorrect. The less control one has, the greater the degree of stress.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 61

In a(n) ________ conflict, a person must choose between two desirable goals.

A) approach-avoidance Incorrect. Approach-avoidance conflicts occur when only one goal or event is involved and that goal or event has both positive and negative attributes.
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach Correct. Approach-approach conflicts occur when a person must choose between two desirable goals.
D) double approach-avoidance TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 62

Actions meant to harm or destroy are referred to as ________.

A) persistence
B) displacement Incorrect. Displacement refers to taking out one's feelings on someone less threatening than the person or people who are the sources of frustration.
C) varying efforts
D) aggression Correct. Aggression is action meant to harm or destroy.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 63

Qimat must decide between two equally good choices for his weekend activity. He can either go fishing with his dad or go to an amusement park with his friends. This is an example of a(n) ________ conflict.

A) positive-positive
B) approach-avoidance
C) avoidance-avoidance Incorrect. An avoidance-avoidance conflict occurs when one must choose between two unattractive options.
D) approach-approach Correct. An approach-approach conflict occurs when one must choose between two attractive options.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 64

The most extreme, final form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________.

A) suicide Correct. Suicide is the most extreme because it is permanent.
B) anhedonia Incorrect. Anhedonia is the inability to feel pleasure or enjoyment, whereas suicide is the most extreme form of escape from frustration.
C) leaving the country
D) divorce TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 65

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance Incorrect. Approach-avoidance conflicts involve only one goal.
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) double approach-avoidance Correct. Double approach-avoidance conflicts arise due to the need to choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 66

When faced with an approach-avoidance conflict, some people tend to go back and forth with their choice because they cannot decide for or against the goal or event. The text refers to this mind-changing behavior as ________.

A) vacillating Correct. To vacillate is to go back and forth between one decision and another.
B) alternating
C) dichotomizing
D) avoiding Incorrect. The failure to make a decision may, in fact, be a form of avoidance, but vacillating is the best answer.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding Berkowitz's frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A) Frustration creates an internal readiness to aggress.
B) Aggression will not follow frustration unless certain external cues are present.
C) Frustration does not always lead to aggression. Incorrect. It is true that frustration does not always lead to aggression.
D) Frustration always leads to aggression. Correct. The statement that frustration always leads to aggression is not accurate. Aggression is seldom the first response to frustration.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 68

A conflict in which a person must choose between two undesirable routes to a goal or goals is called ________.

A) approach-avoidance Incorrect. Approach-avoidance conflicts occur when only one goal or event is involved and that goal or event has both positive and negative attributes.
B) avoidance-avoidance Correct. Avoidance-avoidance is a conflict occurring when a person must choose between two undesirable routes to a goal or goals.
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 69

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance Correct. Approach-avoidance is the term for a conflict in which a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects.
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance Incorrect. A multiple approach-avoidance conflict involves more than two goals or events.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 70

Since Melinda is attempting to make a difficult choice as whether or not to file for divorce, she is probably experiencing ________.

A) learned helplessness
B) conflict Correct. Conflicts occur when we have to choose between two alternate courses of action.
C) burnout Incorrect. Burnout refers to a specific type of stress that occurs when one becomes overwhelmed and overloaded at their job.
D) little perceived control TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 71

Jordan is very frustrated because another customer at the bar is talking to the woman with whom Jordan was just dancing. According to Berkowitz's reformulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the following factors makes Jordan unlikely to lash out in a physically aggressive manner?

A) Jordan already has a criminal charge for assault. Incorrect. While Jordan might think twice about getting into a fight, given his criminal history, Berkowitz's work did not address this factor.
B) The other man is much larger and clearly stronger than Jordan. Correct. Berkowitz noted that if a human source of frustration is larger and stronger than the frustrated person, aggression is an unlikely outcome.
C) The woman makes it clear that she is not interested in Jordan.
D) Jordan is alone and has no friends to back him up. TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 72

________ are habitual targets of displaced aggression.

A) Scapegoats Correct. Scapegoats are typically seen as having less power and are, therefore, easier to attack.
B) Internal conflicts
C) Relationships
D) Bullies Incorrect. Bullies are usually the ones who displace their aggression. Their targets are the scapegoats.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 73

Bluma hates making decisions, especially about things she does not like. Her mom wants her to either mow the lawn or clean her room this weekend. This is an example of ________ conflict.

A) avoidance-avoidance Correct. An avoidance-avoidance conflict occurs when one must choose between two unattractive options.
B) good-evil
C) negative-negative
D) approach-approach Incorrect. Approach-approach conflict occurs when one must choose between two attractive options.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 74

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school and asking them to stop taunting her, Alyssa begins to actively avoid them whenever possible. Her reaction to this frustration is BEST described as ________.

A) confrontation
B) compromise Incorrect. A compromise would mean there was some sort of discussion and agreement, but Alyssa chose to avoid, or withdraw from, her friends.
C) withdrawal Correct. Alyssa chose to escape, or withdraw from, her stressor.
D) rationalization TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 75

Joey put a quarter in the gumball machine, only to find that the machine was not working. He continued to turn the dial on the machine in hope that he would retrieve a gumball. Unfortunately, after several minutes of forcefully turning the dial, he still did not retrieve a gumball. As a result, he kicked the machine several times. Kicking the machine is an example of ________.

A) persistence Incorrect. Persistence is the continuation of efforts to get what is wanted. Kicking the machine is not a serious effort to achieve a goal; it is just a form of aggression.
B) increasing efforts
C) varying efforts
D) aggression Correct. Kicking the machine is an act meant to harm or destroy and is, therefore, a form of aggression.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 76

Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts, causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other, or be unable to decide for or against the event?

A) approach-avoidance Correct. An approach-avoidance conflict has both positive and negative attributes, causing people to continually rethink the situation.
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach Incorrect. An approach-approach conflict is the least stressful of all conflicts since both choices have only positive attributes.
D) incompatible demands TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 77

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

A) approach-avoidance Incorrect. In an approach-avoidance conflict, there is only one goal or event, which has both positive and negative attributes. In this case, there are two events and both have only positive attributes.
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach Correct. In an approach-approach conflict, there are two goals or events, the routes to the goals are easy, and both goals have only positive attributes.
D) incompatible demands TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 78

After Eric has a terrible fight with his boyfriend, he returns home and yells at his dog for sleeping on the sofa-even though the dog is usually allowed to sleep on the furniture. Eric's process of venting his anger on a safer target is an example of ________.

A) vicarious assertiveness
B) displaced aggression Correct. Eric is imposing his aggressive feelings onto a "safer" target. This is displaced aggression.
C) sublimation
D) regressed frustration Incorrect. Eric is imposing his aggressive feelings onto a "safer" target. This is displaced aggression.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 79

Ken wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income. However, he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve, and the money it will cost. Ken is faced with a(n) ________ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-avoidance Correct. Ken is faced with one goal-attending law school-with both positive and negative attributes.
D) double approach-avoidance Incorrect. In a double approach-avoidance conflict, there are two goals or events, but in Ken's case there is only one-attending law school.
TOPIC: Stress and Stressors

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

A) A person who enjoys the ocean has to choose between retiring to the Bahamas or Tahiti. Incorrect. A choice between two desirable alternatives is called an approach-approach conflict.
B) A student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points. Correct. An avoidance-avoidance conflict involves having to choose between two undesirable alternatives.
C) A person has to choose between wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories.
D) A person who loves chocolate must choose between eating chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream. TOPIC: Stress and Stressors