Deck 4: The Greek World Expands, 400-150

Question 1

The success of Philip II in reorganizing his military was due,in part,to:

A)his access to the mineral resources in the Balkans.
B)his access to the agriculture of Egypt.
C)his access to the shipping routes of the Mediterranean.
D)his ability to demand tribute from members of the Delian League.
E)his ability to demand tribute from members of the Peloponnesian League.

Answer 1

his access to the mineral resources in the Balkans.

Question 2

During the Corinthian War (395-387 b.c.e. ),Sparta fought against:

A)an alliance comprised of Athens,Syracuse,and Thebes.
B)an alliance comprised of Athens and Corinth.
C)Macedonia,under the leadership of Philip II.
D)an alliance comprised of Syracuse,Croton,Argos,and Thebes.
E)an alliance comprised of Athens,Argos,Corinth,and Thebes.

Answer 2

an alliance comprised of Athens,Argos,Corinth,and Thebes.

Question 3

The Theban Sacred Band was:

A)an elite military unit composed entirely of male couples.
B)the priestly caste of Thebes.
C)a group of helots committed to overthrowing Sparta.
D)a religious orchestra active in early Greek drama.
E)the royal house of Thebes.

Answer 3

an elite military unit composed entirely of male couples.

Question 4

Alexander the Great founded a great empire that might be described as a:

A)political empire.
B)scientific empire.
C)hereditary empire.
D)military empire.
E)cultural empire.

Question 5

Aristotle argued that good conduct is virtuous conduct and that virtue resides in aiming to:

A)separate the mind from the body and its pursuits.
B)live a contemplative life in seclusion.
C)act moderately in all things.
D)involve all people (men and women)in the political life of the polis.
E)respect the will of each individual.

Question 6

In the fourth century b.c.e. ,the Greeks of the poleis considered Macedonians to be:

A)as Greek as they were.
B)excellent warriors.
C)barbarians.
D)the heirs to the Greek city-state.
E)skilled craftsmen.

Question 7

The Macedonians were regarded by the Greeks as little more than barbarians,but they did engage in one activity,_________,that indicates that they were,in fact,Greek.

A)the dramatic competition in Athens each year
B)the Olympic Games every four years
C)appealing to the Oracle at Delphi before making any political decision
D)joining the Delian League to fight against the Persians
E)speaking the Greek language

Question 8

Alexander the Great is said to have taken two books with him on his conquest of Persia;one was Homer's Iliad and the other was:

A)Plato's Republic.
B)Aristotle's Politics.
C)Euclid's Elements.
D)Xenophon's Anabasis.
E)Heraclitus's The Fire Next Time.

Question 9

The leading political figure urging Greek resistance to Macedonian expansionism under Philip II was:

A)Xenophon.
B)Socrates.
C)Plato.
D)Isocrates.
E)Demosthenes.

Question 10

By the fourth century b.c.e. ,Greek plays:

A)concentrated wholly on the subject of war.
B)concentrated solely on the subject of love.
C)had become increasingly satirical.
D)were full of political and social critiques.
E)had become milder and less political.

Question 11

Why couldn't the Greek city-states unite during the fourth century b.c.e.?

A)The Macedonians would not permit it.
B)The independent temper of Greek political life made unity impossible.
C)The Greek economy was too weak to support an empire.
D)Unity was unnecessary because the Greeks were not threatened by any foreign enemies.
E)There existed an almost perfect balance of power between Athens,Sparta,Corinth,and Thebes.

Question 12

In the fourth century b.c.e. ,Greek playwrights:

A)were more concerned with political commentary than in years past.
B)focused primarily on serious dramas.
C)frequently produced lighthearted comedies.
D)wrote tragedies exclusively.
E)wrote plays that featured only female actors.

Question 13

Xenephon's book,the Anabasis,provided Alexander with information about the:

A)structures of Athenian government.
B)history of the Trojan War.
C)basics of Macedonian military strategy.
D)culture of Persia.
E)genealogy of the kings of Macedonia.

Question 14

According to Plato,the most enlightened rulers were known as:

A)Tyrants.
B)Oligarchs.
C)Philosopher-kings.
D)Kings of merit.
E)Learned ones.

Question 15

The fourth century b.c.e.in Greece witnessed a confused political terrain,with many attempting to discover a direction for the Greeks;among these was _________,who believed that the Greeks could rediscover their lost unity by an invasion of Persia.

A)Xenophon
B)Thales
C)Pythagoras
D)Meno
E)Isocrates

Question 16

Why didn't Sparta benefit more from its victory in the Peloponnesian War?

A)Sparta had no interest in an empire.
B)Persia quickly defeated Sparta.
C)Sparta alienated the other Greek cities by trying to dominate them.
D)Sparta was a land power with no navy.
E)Sparta was defeated the following year by Thebes.

Question 17

Macedonian military reforms under Philip II most closely resemble earlier such reforms undertaken by:

A)Thebes.
B)Sparta.
C)Athens.
D)Persia.
E)Egypt.

Question 18

Aristotle believed that:

A)the only true reality lies in unchanging ideals.
B)only matter exists,and so ideals are the creation of human minds.
C)ideals shape matter toward specific purposes.
D)the human mind cannot understand the order of the universe and so should concentrate only on human concerns.
E)only real phenomena can be investigated in order to understand the world in which we live.

Question 19

Plato spent much of his adult life:

A)writing a critical analysis of Socrates.
B)attempting to vindicate Socrates.
C)attempting to vindicate Aristotle.
D)writing an analysis of the Peloponnesian Wars.
E)writing a biography of Aristotle.

Question 20

Philip II of Macedon's early success had much to do with his:

A)early experiences in the Athenian Navy.
B)reorganization of the Macedonian Army.
C)understanding of the Persian phalanx formation.
D)single-minded desire to conquer Athens and subject it to one-man rule.
E)army being so very much larger than that of any of his enemies.

Question 21

The beginning of the end of Alexander's conquests was his inability to fully subdue:

A)Mesopotamia.
B)Egypt.
C)Parthia.
D)Bactria.
E)Gedrosia.

Question 22

All of the male rulers of Macedonian Egypt took the name:

A)Antigonus.
B)Alexander.
C)Ptolemy.
D)Seleucus.
E)Ramses.

Question 23

Although Philip II sought an alliance with the Athenians,they refused,because of:

A)the advice of the Oracle at Delphi.
B)the advice of Demosthenes.
C)the advice of leading Spartans.
D)the assassination of Philip.
E)their ultimate conquest by Alexander.

Question 24

What similarities did Stoicism and Epicureanism share?

A)A desire to explain the meaning of human existence
B)The presumption of an orderly,purposeful universe
C)A tendency toward escapism and political disengagement
D)A belief in the transmigration of the psyche
E)An assumption that knowledge could be gleaned through sense perception

Question 25

Although historians believe that early accounts of Alexander's life by Plutarch and Arrian are reliable,they also find them problematic because they:

A)were written four hundred years after Alexander lived.
B)were written by Greek historians who did not appreciate Alexander's genius.
C)were written by Alexander's enemies.
D)were based on Persian accounts of Alexander's feats.
E)only survive today in fragmentary form.

Question 26

The _________ believed that the cosmos is an ordered whole in which all contradictions are resolved for ultimate good.

A)Epicureans
B)Stoics
C)Skeptics
D)Aristotelians
E)Neoplatonists

Question 27

The ultimate aim of the military and political policies of Philip II was to:

A)conquer the southern Balkans.
B)dominate Athens.
C)conquer the world.
D)invade Persia.
E)create an Adriatic empire.

Question 28

Why did autocratic rulers in the Hellenistic world encourage manufacturing industries?

A)Manufacturing trade goods slowed the development of harbors,roads,and canals,thus preserving their power.
B)Manufacturing distracted local and foreign rivals from aggressive military campaigns.
C)Manufacturing increased international trade revenues and therefore taxation and tariffs.
D)Manufacturing brought in exotic goods that were previously unavailable in the ancient world.
E)Manufacturing trade goods increased the development of harbors,canals,and ship design.

Question 29

Alexander's last major battle was:

A)Actium.
B)Thermopylae.
C)Hydaspes.
D)Salamis.
E)Marathon.

Question 30

In time,the philosophy known as _________ would come to be highly influential among the Romans.

A)Buddhism
B)Zoroastrianism
C)Stoicism
D)Taoism
E)Confucianism

Question 31

Philip II secured the support of many neighboring kingdoms through:

A)wars.
B)marriages.
C)diplomacy.
D)trade agreements.
E)the exchange of hostages.

Question 32

Although he died in _________,Alexander was buried at ________.

A)Ecbatana;Aigai in Macedonia
B)Babylon;Aigai in Macedonia
C)Alexandria;Memphis in Egypt
D)Hydaspes;Alexandria in Egypt
E)Babylon;Memphis in Egypt

Question 33

The Ptolemies showed respect for the traditions of Egypt by:

A)marrying their slaves.
B)marrying their siblings.
C)offering their firstborn as a sacrifice to the gods.
D)adopting monotheism.
E)continuing to build pyramids.

Question 34

As his empire spread throughout the ancient world,Alexander founded roughly how many cities?

A)5
B)20
C)45
D)70
E)210

Question 35

The longest-lived of the Hellenistic empires was the Ptolemies of:

A)Persia.
B)Anatolia.
C)Macedonia.
D)Egypt.
E)Galatia.

Question 36

To highlight their authority and status in the former Persian Empire,Seleucid rulers:

A)spent most of their wealth on expensive building projects and capital improvements.
B)rejected Buddhist traditions and introduced Islamic reforms.
C)minted coins containing practical advice and realistic portraits.
D)used terms in proclamations reminiscent of earlier Mesopotamian rulers.
E)created a special secret police unit to enforce their edicts.

Question 37

Alexander the Great is a difficult figure for historians to evaluate because:

A)so many legends grew up around him during his lifetime.
B)his military victories are so well known.
C)he died young and without a clear heir.
D)he did not actually accompany his armies on their far-flung campaigns.
E)nothing was written about him during his lifetime.

Question 38

The most important cultural center in the Hellenistic world was:

A)Memphis.
B)Jerusalem.
C)Constantinople.
D)Athens.
E)Alexandria.

Question 39

Macedonian rule in Egypt was characterized by:

A)ethnic assimilation between Greeks and Egyptians.
B)social welfare policies designed to improve the lot of the poor.
C)commercial isolation.
D)a revival of ancient traditions associated with the pharaohs.
E)ethnic cleansing by the Macedonians.

Question 40

Ptolemaic Egypt made numerous advances in medicine because:

A)Alexander started a medical school in Luxor.
B)Egyptian priests also served as teachers of science.
C)Egyptians performed autopsies,giving them an understanding of human anatomy.
D)All other fields of study were prohibited.
E)The pharaohs required highly skilled doctors to attend them.

Question 41

Galen supported the Hippocratic belief that health occurred when a _________.His work ensured that this theory influenced medical belief until the nineteenth century b.c.e.

A)person had no diseases.
B)person had no pain.
C)person had no discernible injuries.
D)person's four humors were in balance.
E)person lived a life of moderation.

Question 42

The most important pastoral poet of the Hellenistic age was:

A)Theocritus.
B)Epicurus.
C)Seneca.
D)Herodotus.
E)Virgil.

Question 43

Cleopatra VII was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.

Question 44

Hellenistic cosmopolitanism differed from Persian and Roman cosmopolitanism because it:

A)was a product of individualism,not autocracy.
B)did not depend on a shared,common language.
C)was cultural rather than linked directly to a particular imperial power.
D)was restricted to seaports along the Mediterranean coast.
E)was linked directly to the imperial power of the Alexandrian dynasty.

Question 45

Herophilus of Chalcedon was an innovative scholar in the ancient Hellenistic world who challenged Aristotle's teachings about:

A)the universe.
B)ethics.
C)the best form of government.
D)the body.
E)plant life.

Question 46

Alexander's greatest city was Persepolis,which was founded in Persia.

Question 47

In India,Alexander's exhausted troops refused to go any further.

Question 48

Religious belief in the Hellenistic world was:

A)uniform throughout the successor empires of Alexander.
B)varied and largely based on individual choice.
C)imposed on people by their kings or emperors.
D)absolute and unquestioning.
E)always polytheistic.

Question 49

In the arts,Hellenistic societies were perhaps most influential in what field?

A)Painting
B)Pottery
C)Essays
D)Sculpture
E)Engravings

Question 50

Aristarchus of Samos was unusual among Hellenistic astronomers because he:

A)believed that the earth revolves around the sun.
B)believed that the sun revolves around the earth.
C)used a telescope to make astronomical observations.
D)worked in Alexandria rather than Athens.
E)believed that the moon revolves around the sun.

Question 51

Prior to the reign of Philip II,Greeks viewed Macedonia as a highly advanced society.

Question 52

Polybius is significant to the literature of the Hellenistic age for:

A)his epic poems about Greece's heroes.
B)his lyric love poetry.
C)his views on Greece's history,especially the Peloponnesian Wars.
D)his essays which criticized democracy.
E)his biography of Aristotle.

Question 53

Aristotle argued that the universe could only be understood by exploring the natural world in which people lived.

Question 54

The first individual to predict that one could reach Asia by sailing west was:

A)Aristarchus.
B)Herophilus.
C)Eratosthenes.
D)Euclid.
E)Ptolemy.

Question 55

Platonic dialogues are some of the earliest surviving works of Western philosophy.

Question 56

Alexander's successors in Egypt ruled their Macedonian subjects in the same way they ruled their Egyptian subjects,as pharaoh.

Question 57

Arguably the most important contribution of the Hellenistic world was the:

A)elevation of Persian philosophy as superior to all others.
B)accomplishments in the field of engineering.
C)the construction of the pyramids.
D)construction of a dam on the Nile.
E)the fusion of Greek,Persian,Egyptian,and Mesopotamian cultures.

Question 58

Philip's elite cavalry squad,the Companions,was made up of freed slaves who owed their freedom and position to Philip.

Question 59

After defeating Darius's armies,Alexander moved his capital to the Persian city of Persepolis.

Question 60

Aristotle argued that all members of Greek society ought to participate in democracy.

Question 61

What were the contributions of Ptolemaic Egypt to the ancient world?

Question 62

What factors accounted for the social and economic crises in the fourth century b.c.e.?

Question 63

In addition to discovering the law of specific gravity,Hippocrates is also credited for the principles of the lever,the screw,and the pulley.

Question 64

In what ways did Alexander's city building help create an empire?

Question 65

What are the key differences between the Greece of the Hellenistic period and that of the Classical Era?

Question 66

How did art and literature reflect the political and economic atmosphere of Hellenistic Greece?

Question 67

Aristarchus of Samos's deduction that the earth circled the sun was refuted because it disagreed with the premise that humanity,and thus the earth,was the most important facet of the universe and must be at the center.

Question 68

In what ways did Alexander's way of treating his conquered enemies mark a departure among generals in the ancient world?

Question 69

The Hellenistic kingdoms were generally prosperous due to increased trade.

Question 70

Compare and contrast the rule of Alexander's successors in Egypt,Seleucid Asia,and Antigonid Macedonia.

Question 71

How much of Alexander's success did he owe to his father?

Question 72

According to Stoicism,evil does not exist.

Question 73

The work of Herophilus proved Aristotle's belief that the heart was the seat of human intellect.

Question 74

What changes took place in Greek religion during the third and second centuries b.c.e.?

Question 75

How did Skepticism differ from Epicureanism and Stoicism?

Question 76

In what ways were the Aetolian and Achaean Leagues a challenge to Antigonid rule?

Question 77

What was the effect of the fourth century b.c.e.crisis on art and literature?