Deck 13: Reformation, Religious Wars, and National Conflicts

Question 1

Which country represented the weakest point in Philip II's empire?

A)Netherlands
B)Portugal
C)Spain
D)France
E)England

Answer 1

Netherlands

Question 2

Which pope began to mount a serious offensive against Protestantism?

A)Paul III
B)Leo X
C)Clement VII
D)Julius II
E)Innocent III

Answer 2

Paul III

Question 3

Who succeeded Henry VIII in England?

A)Edward VI
B)Mary
C)Elizabeth
D)James
E)Phillip II

Answer 3

Edward VI

Question 4

According to John Knox,what was Elizabeth I's main shortcoming as a ruler?

A)She was a woman.
B)She was a Catholic.
C)She was a Protestant.
D)She was illegitimate.
E)She was too young.

Question 5

Under John Calvin's leadership,which city became a haven for Protestant refugees from all over Europe?

A)Geneva
B)Vienna
C)Augsburg
D)Wittenberg
E)Zurich

Question 6

Which country did NOT support Frederick IV and the Protestant Union?

A)Spain
B)France
C)England
D)Holland
E)Germany

Question 7

Shakespeare's plays were first performed during the reign of which English ruler?

A)Elizabeth I
B)Charles I
C)Henry VII
D)Mary Stuart
E)Oliver Cromwell

Question 8

Which act by the English Parliament severed ties with the papacy and recognized the king as the head of England's church?

A)Act of Supremacy
B)Act of Separation
C)Anglican Act
D)Ecclesiastical Independence Act
E)Pragmatic Sanction of Parliament

Question 9

The burning at the stake of Michael Servetus was evidence of the brutal treatment of those who opposed

A)John Calvin.
B)Martin Luther.
C)John Knox.
D)John Wyclif.
E)John Hus.

Question 10

By entering the Thirty Years' War on the side of the German Protestants,Cardinal Richelieu

A)put his country's interests above his religion's concerns.
B)ensured that France would turn Protestant.
C)brought the war to a swift and bloodless end.
D)ensured the survival of a strong Holy Roman Empire.
E)made Spain the dominant power in Europe.

Question 11

Huguenots were French

A)Calvinists.
B)Catholics.
C)Lutherans.
D)Puritans.
E)Anabaptists.

Question 12

Who protected Luther when the pope attempted to silence him?

A)Frederick the Wise
B)Johann Tetzel
C)Charles V
D)Ulrich Zwingli
E)John Wyclif

Question 13

Apart from the Scandinavian states,which was the only major country to break with the papacy during the Reformation?

A)England
B)France
C)Spain
D)Germany
E)Netherlands

Question 14

Francis I made an alliance against the Habsburgs that shocked Europe.With whom did he build this alliance?

A)Süleyman the Magnificent
B)Elizabeth I
C)Charles of Anjou
D)The Kingdom of Naples
E)Louis XII

Question 15

Whose election as Holy Roman Emperor caused Francis I to try to gain land in Italy?

A)Charles V
B)Catherine de Medicis
C)Henry II
D)Charles of Anjou
E)Charles VIII

Question 16

Who imposed Catholicism on the Bohemians,an act that led to the Thirty Years' War?

A)Archduke Ferdinand
B)Louis VIII
C)Frederick IV
D)Charles V
E)Henry IV

Question 17

Who launched a program to reconstruct Rome and founded the Vatican library?

A)Nicholas V
B)Sixtus IV
C)Alexander VI
D)Julius II
E)Innocent VII

Question 18

Why did Shakespeare stop writing plays in 1613?

A)He wrote to make a living and could afford to retire.
B)The Globe burned to the ground in an accidental fire.
C)He lost his sight when he fell from a horse.
D)He was imprisoned for writing seditious plays.
E)The English public lost its taste for his work.

Question 19

What scholar unintentionally contributed to the Protestant Reformation through his Biblical studies?

A)Erasmus
B)Martin Luther
C)Johann Tetzel
D)Thomas Müntzer
E)John Calvin

Question 20

Who sold indulgences with this jingle: "When a coin in my coffer rings,a soul from Purgatory springs"?

A)Johann Tetzel
B)Leo X
C)Peter Waldo
D)John Hus
E)John Wyclif

Question 21

Under Henry VIII,the Anglican Church would best be described as

A)separated from the Roman Catholic Church only by the king's supremacy.
B)radically Protestant and in full opposition of the Catholic Church.
C)closely aligned with Martin Luther and his teachings.
D)devoted to the pope and his leadership of the church.
E)shocking to Europe by its adoption of Muslim practices.

Question 22

What did buyers believe they were paying for when they bought indulgences?

A)a release from doing penance for their sins
B)forgiveness for their sins
C)protection from prosecution by the Inquisition
D)release from prison for their crimes
E)freedom to sin without punishment

Question 23

How were Erasmus and Martin Luther similar?

A)Neither foresaw that their ideas would lead to rebellions.
B)They were both opposed to the selling of indulgences.
C)Neither were members of the Catholic Church.
D)Both consistently sided with peasants against the aristocracy.
E)Neither used humor or satire in their work.

Question 24

What did Catholics believe would be eliminated by the Calvinist belief that people could not earn salvation through good works?

A)the motive for moral striving
B)the reason for attending church
C)faith in a reasonable God
D)adherence to the Ten Commandments
E)belief in pardon through confession

Question 25

Which of the following people or groups did NOT precede Martin Luther in challenging the authority of the papacy on the basis of reading the Scriptures?

A)Thomas More
B)Peter Waldo
C)John Wyclif
D)the Spirituals
E)John Hus

Question 26

The term "Renaissance Popes" implies that popes such as Nicholas V and Julius II were

A)more concerned with worldly power than piety.
B)renowned for their Biblical scholarship.
C)honest and sincere church leaders.
D)reformers who cleaned up abuses in the church.
E)supporters of Luther's theology.

Question 27

At the time he posted the Ninety-five Theses,Luther would best be described as

A)a faithful Catholic proposing a scholarly debate.
B)a radical reformer.
C)an avowed enemy of the Catholic Church and all it stood for.
D)Calvin's first follower in Germany.
E)promoting social revolution.

Question 28

Which group believed that the Bible should be the only standard to govern faith?

A)Anabaptists
B)Calvinists
C)Puritans
D)Jesuits
E)Anglicans

Question 29

The observation that the Reformation did not work in a social vacuum would be supported most by the great changes it sparked in

A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Spain.
D)Italy.
E)Sweden.

Question 30

The Thirty Years' War ended with the Peace of

A)Westphalia.
B)Paris.
C)Augsburg.
D)Prague.
E)Trent.

Question 31

On which doctrine did Calvin and Luther disagree?

A)the implications of predestination
B)the need to reform papal practices
C)the authority of the Bible
D)salvation being entirely a gift from God
E)the selling of indulgences

Question 32

William Shakespeare would best be described as

A)a writer who transcended his age and country.
B)more popular in his own time than today.
C)a devoted Catholic who promoted his faith.
D)an unconventional man in every way.
E)the best-selling author in England during his lifetime.

Question 33

What belief was shared by supporters of the Reformation and Renaissance humanists?

A)Western civilization could be restored through the study of ancient texts.
B)Society could be improved by a return to pagan ideas.
C)Multiple forms of Christianity should be allowed in Europe.
D)Religious customs not mandated by the Bible should be eliminated.
E)There was no basis in the Bible for the doctrine of transubstantiation.

Question 34

Why has the authorship of Shakespeare's works been questioned?

A)He had little schooling and was of undistinguished birth.
B)His style is inconsistent.
C)His plays were all published anonymously.
D)His life and background are a complete mystery.
E)No Englishman could have written such plays.

Question 35

What organization showed that change had already begun in the Catholic Church before the Lutheran Reformation?

A)Oratory of Divine Love
B)Schmalkaldic League
C)Diet of Worms
D)Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
E)Pilgrimage of Grace

Question 36

Why is it more accurate to use the term "Catholic Reformation" rather than "Counter-Reformation"?

A)Reform had begun in the church before the Lutheran Reformation.
B)The church reforms were largely in line with Lutheran Reformation demands.
C)The church reforms were largely unrelated to Lutheran Reformation demands.
D)The Lutheran Reformation had little effect on the Catholic Church.
E)The Catholic Reformation was more political than theological.

Question 37

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,German princes were typical of other European rulers in that their religious policies were often intended to

A)gain political advantages.
B)return to the values of the Renaissance.
C)put the welfare of Europe above their own interests.
D)lead their people to salvation.
E)show support for the Inquisition.

Question 38

Which agreement decreed that each prince could decide whether his state would be Catholic or Lutheran?

A)Peace of Augsburg
B)Council of Trent
C)The Institutes of Christian Religion
D)Peace of Westphalia
E)Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

Question 39

Which of the following was NOT affirmed by the Council of Trent?

A)The selling of indulgences was counter to true doctrine.
B)Faith was based on Scripture and the traditions of the church.
C)Good works were important to salvation.
D)Transubstantiation was the explanation for the mystery of the Eucharist.
E)The Society of Jesus would help implement the Catholic Reformation.

Question 40

What did Erasmus expect to be the result of his research and writings?

A)Erasmus expected peaceful correction of religious abuses.
B)He promoted active resistance to the church based on his findings.
C)Erasmus hoped that the Jesuits would reform church abuses.
D)Erasmus wanted the pope to publicly apologize for mistakes.
E)He expected the pope to nullify his claims of being God's representative.

Question 41

On which of the following doctrines did Luther and Calvin agree?

A)Humans cannot affect God's determination of their ultimate fate.
B)Salvation depends on faith alone and cannot be influenced by good deeds.
C)The church should not impose rules governing the behavior of individuals.
D)Faith alone is not sufficient for salvation-good works are also necessary.
E)Religious beliefs should not be endorsed or enforced by the state.

Question 42

What fundamental belief of Catholics made them more likely to favor monarchical rule than Protestants?

A)The right to rule was bestowed on leaders as a divine mandate.
B)Of primary importance was God's relationship with each individual.
C)The selection of each pope was a miracle.
D)All popes are eventually made saints through canonization.
E)Legitimate monarchs are crowned by the church.

Question 43

How did Elizabeth handle the religious situation in England during her reign?

A)She supported some Catholic practices and some Protestant ideas.
B)She was a strong supporter of Protestantism as the official state religion.
C)She was a strong supporter of Catholicism as the official state religion.
D)She stayed out of the religious fray altogether.
E)She delegated controversial decisions to the archbishop of Canterbury.

Question 44

Christian humanists believed that Western civilization and Christian faith had been corrupted over the centuries but that their original natures could be restored by studying ancient texts.What aspect of this humanist belief was shared by exponents of the Lutheran Reformation?

A)Ancient wisdom could be used to correct errors of the recent past.
B)Answers to current problems could be found in classical pagan culture.
C)The original scripture of the Old Testament held solutions for the present.
D)A fully developed person was multifaceted and could do everything well.
E)Only the educated elite should have a significant role in society.

Question 45

The main source of Oliver Cromwell's power as ruler of England was

A)the support of the New Model Army.
B)the support of Parliament.
C)popular approval of his return to Catholicism.
D)his ability to maintain peace,keeping taxes low.
E)he was the last male heir of Henry VIII.

Question 46

How did James I and his son Charles I view the authority of kings?

A)Kings ruled by the grace of God and did not need Parliament to govern.
B)Kings had secular authority,but religious authority belonged to the pope.
C)Parliament had the inalienable right to elect and depose kings.
D)King were only fit to govern if they had popular support.
E)Kings could only tax and make laws with Parliament's approval.

Question 47

Elizabeth I was successful,but James I and Charles I failed in preventing conflicts between what two groups?

A)Puritans and Anglicans
B)Catholics and Protestants
C)merchants and farmers
D)the House of Lords and the House of Commons
E)Lutherans and Calvinists

Question 48

Why was the alliance Francis I made with Süleyman the Magnificent shocking to Europeans?

A)Süleyman was a Muslim.
B)Süleyman was a Jew.
C)Francis had fought with Süleyman for a decade.
D)Süleyman was unscrupulous.
E)Francis had always opposed alliances.

Question 49

Under Henry VIII,why was the merchant class the strongest supporter of reform of the English church?

A)They had links to parts of Europe where Protestantism was strengthening.
B)The papal grip on the economies of the Papal States had lowered their profits.
C)The merchant class was the most religious class in England.
D)The merchant class was afraid that Catholic rebellions would affect their profits.
E)They were afraid of rebellions by the tenants living on Henry's monastic estates.

Question 50

The conflicts of Henry VIII with the Catholic Church were motivated more by

A)politics than by religion.
B)religion than by politics.
C)military ambitions than by religion.
D)religion than by economic issues.
E)economic issues than by politics.

Question 51

Why were the Netherlands the weakest point in Philip II's empire?

A)Cultural and religious divisions made the provinces difficult to govern.
B)Their position between France and Spain made them subject to frequent invasion.
C)The overwhelming rural area was too poor to support itself.
D)The people refused Phillip's effort to convert them to Calvinism.
E)William of Orange married Elizabeth I,setting off the Thirty Years' War.

Question 52

Why did Henry of Navarre allegedly say "Paris is worth a mass"?

A)A Protestant,Henry became a nominal Catholic in order to be crowned king of France.
B)A Catholic,Henry expelled all the Huguenots from France.
C)Elizabeth I of England became a Catholic when she married Henry.
D)William of Orange converted to Catholicism after he became heir to the French throne.
E)His marriage to Margaret of Guise was conditioned on his conversion to Catholicism.

Question 53

The Swiss Brethren were also known as Anabaptists because they

A)considered infant baptism unbiblical and re-baptized adults.
B)completely rejected baptism as a sacrament.
C)believed Christians were predestined to damnation unless they were baptized.
D)did not understand the meaning of baptism.
E)believed that only the pope could baptized Christians.

Question 54

How were the Edict of Nantes and the Peace of Augsburg similar?

A)Both allowed peoples who were religious minorities to live in designated areas.
B)Both supported establishing towns and cities of mixed religious populations.
C)Both assumed that Catholicism was the only true faith.
D)They both established the groundwork for future reconciliation among religions.
E)Both acknowledged that the people,and not their rulers,could set religious policy.