Deck 20: The Consolidation of Nation States

Question 1

Who attempted to restore authoritarian,one-man rule in France after the Third Republic was established?

A)George Boulanger
B)Napoleon III
C)Alfred Dreyfus
D)Georges Clemenceau
E)Emile Zola

Answer 1

George Boulanger

Question 2

Which traditional power was defeated in the Crimean War by French and British forces?

A)Russia
B)Austria
C)Moldavia
D)Turkey
E)Poland

Answer 2

Russia

Question 3

Which of the following countries pleaded for an end to British rule,a plea that was supported by Gladstone?

A)Ireland
B)Scotland
C)Wales
D)Canada
E)India

Answer 3

Ireland

Question 4

Which reactionary foreign dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Two Sicilies until 1860?

A)Bourbon
B)Habsburg
C)Orleans
D)Hanover
E)Hamid

Question 5

Who reigned in England during the mid to late nineteenth century,giving her name to the age?

A)Victoria
B)George V
C)Elizabeth II
D)Edward VII
E)William IV

Question 6

Which foreign power controlled northern Italy after the failed revolution of 1848?

A)Austria
B)France
C)Prussia
D)Spain
E)Ottoman Turkey

Question 7

Who led the liberation of the island of Sicily?

A)Giuseppe Garibaldi
B)Count Camillo Cavour
C)Victor Emmanuel II
D)Giuseppe Mazzini
E)Giovanni Verga

Question 8

Which was the last city to join the new Kingdom of Italy?

A)Rome
B)Venice
C)Naples
D)Parma
E)Modena

Question 9

Which Marxist radical published a call to revolution entitled What Is to Be Done?

A)Vladimir Lenin
B)Beatrice Webb
C)H)G.Wells
D)George Bernard Shaw
E)Eduard Bernstein

Question 10

What was the name of the Russian national parliament Tsar Nicholas II was forced to establish in 1904?

A)Duma
B)Zemst'va
C)Zollverein
D)Reichstag
E)Narodnaya

Question 11

Who became the first emperor of the unified German empire?

A)William I
B)Otto von Bismarck
C)William II
D)Karl Marx
E)Alfred Dreyfus

Question 12

The British Trades Union Congress founded which political party in 1901?

A)Labour
B)Socialist
C)Fabian
D)Social Democratic
E)National Workers'

Question 13

What agreement ended the 1866 war between Austria and Prussia?

A)the Treaty of Prague
B)the Congress of Vienna
C)the Dawes Act
D)the Parliament Act
E)the Treaty of Versailles

Question 14

Which social group did Otto von Bismarck believe were society's natural leaders?

A)landed aristocrats
B)educated intellectuals
C)industrial magnates
D)skilled workers
E)small business owners

Question 15

Which Italian region led the drive for unification?

A)Piedmont
B)Venetia
C)Sicily
D)Romagna
E)Lombardy

Question 16

The common enemy that both Germany and Italy had to defeat in the course of unification was

A)Austria.
B)France.
C)Russia.
D)England.
E)Denmark.

Question 17

The group known as the Young Turks,which ousted Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1909,was composed of

A)military officers.
B)Westernized intellectuals.
C)Muslim clerics.
D)wealthy industrialists.
E)landed aristocrats.

Question 18

Which of the following countries forced the Habsburg Emperor Francis Joseph to create a dual monarchy?

A)Hungary
B)Bohemia
C)Serbia
D)Bosnia
E)Slovenia

Question 19

What was the pragmatic form of power politics favored by Bismarck called?

A)Realpolitik
B)Kulturkampf
C)Reichstag
D)Zollverein
E)Junker

Question 20

What French army officer was accused and convicted of selling military secrets to the Germans?

A)Alfred Dreyfus
B)Georges Clemenceau
C)George Boulanger
D)Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
E)Emile Zola

Question 21

Where was the First Zionist Congress held in 1899?

A)Basel
B)Zurich
C)Paris
D)Vienna
E)Prague

Question 22

Which of these individuals was a leading banker?

A)J)P.Morgan
B)Andrew Carnegie
C)Woodrow Wilson
D)John D.Rockefeller
E)Theodore Roosevelt

Question 23

What was the name given to organized attacks in Russia against Jews?

A)pogrom
B)Volk
C)zemst'va
D)Duma
E)Zollverein

Question 24

What basic principle united the heads of England's Liberal and Conservative parties,despite their fierce rivalry?

A)Democratization was the key to economic progress.
B)State power should be used to solve social problems.
C)Individual initiative would improve conditions for all.
D)Ireland deserved to gain independence from Britain.
E)Socialist welfare legislation must not be enacted.

Question 25

Why did the autocratic German government enact legislation instituting accident,sickness,and old age insurance in the 1880s?

A)It wanted to weaken the appeal of socialism for the working class.
B)It believed the working class should share the benefits of industrialization.
C)It was responding to moral appeals from the German Catholic Church.
D)It was trying to give the German economy more stability and security.
E)It had a sincere interest in the welfare of the masses.

Question 26

What did the architect of Italian unification conclude was an essential precondition to unification?

A)modernizing the economy
B)allying with the French
C)attacking Russia
D)instituting democracy
E)strengthening the army

Question 27

What group of people benefited the least from the newly unified Italian state?

A)rural peasants
B)industrial workers
C)skilled artisans
D)southern landowners
E)northern manufacturers

Question 28

As Prime Minister,Disraeli co-opted liberal ideas to win popular support.

A)helped organize the Labour Party.
B)used discrimination against Catholics and Jews to strengthen his popular appeal.
C)launched an aggressive imperial policy to divert attention from domestic problems.
D)relied on the free market,not the state,to solve social problems.
E)helped dismantle the Communist Party.

Question 29

Why did Piedmont become the leading state around which Italy was unified?

A)It was the most modern independent state in Italy.
B)It had a larger army than France or Austria.
C)It had the most liberal leadership.
D)It included Rome,giving it the prestige of the papacy.
E)It was the largest and most centrally located Italian state.

Question 30

Who controlled the steel industry in the United States?

A)Andrew Carnegie
B)John D.Rockefeller
C)Alfred Krupp
D)Henry Bessemer
E)William Dawes

Question 31

Which of the following best describes Bismarck's attitude toward the Catholic Church?

A)He believed that the Catholic Church divided the allegiance of many Germans.
B)He saw the Catholic Church as an effective means of keeping the masses happy.
C)Although Protestant,he did not object to other Germans practicing Catholicism.
D)He enthusiastically advocated the institution of an official Church of Germany.
E)He was hostile to the Church and advocated a completely secular German state.

Question 32

What was Bismarck's attitude toward the German Social Democratic Party?

A)He distrusted it because of its internationalist views.
B)He thought it was a marginal group that would die out quickly.
C)He believed it could be an effective tool to unite the German people.
D)He saw it as a crucial partner in his program of "state socialism."
E)He trusted key party members and gave them government positions.

Question 33

Bismarck's methods in leading the unification of Germany would be best described as

A)conservative and authoritarian.
B)liberal and nationalist
C)peaceful and enlightened.
D)republican and populist.
E)modernist and forward-looking.

Question 34

After 1865,an increasing number of Americans were

A)immigrants.
B)reformers.
C)abolitionists.
D)capitalists.
E)farmers.

Question 35

Why did it take so long to incorporate Rome into the new Kingdom of Italy?

A)The Catholic Church opposed it.
B)Rome's citizens rejected it.
C)The Austrian army prevented it.
D)International alliances prohibited it.
E)Regional Italian quarrels delayed it.

Question 36

What happened in the aftermath of France's defeat by Prussia in 1870-1871?

A)The excesses of the radical Paris Commune brought monarchists and republicans together.
B)France reversed its support for Italian unification.
C)General Boulanger made himself King George I.
D)Monarchists and socialists worked together to stabilize the situation.
E)Events in Paris ceased to play a role in French politics.

Question 37

Which of the following was the Italian figure who played a role most similar to Bismarck in Germany?

A)Camillo Cavour
B)Giuseppe Mazzini
C)Victor Emmanuel II
D)Giuseppe Garibaldi
E)Pope Pius IX

Question 38

What policy did Kaiser William II believe would win him the loyalty of Germany's workers?

A)aggressive policy overseas
B)alliances with other Western powers
C)closer ties with the Habsburg Empire
D)seizing land from the Ottoman Empire
E)confrontation with Great Britain

Question 39

France during the Third Republic was an)

A)divided country racked by political crises.
B)unified nation focused on economic growth.
C)prosperous society with a stable government.
D)imperial power expanding overseas.
E)backwater dominated by the Catholic Church.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT one of the measures taken by Napoleon III to consolidate his popular support after 1860?

A)He avoided involvement in foreign wars.
B)He guaranteed individual liberties.
C)He removed press restrictions.
D)He built facilities for the elderly.
E)He pardoned political prisoners.

Question 41

Which one of the following statements accurately describes the condition of Italy following unification?

A)While politically united,Italy remained economically and socially divided..
B)All citizens felt proud loyalty to the new nation.
C)Economic modernization improved living standards.
D)Italy had the resources to emerge quickly as a great power.
E)Catholic Church support strengthened the national government.

Question 42

What kind of economy predominated in the American South on the eve of the Civil War?

Question 43

What was the basic problem shared by the Habsburg,Russian,and Ottoman empires?

A)Multiethnic,religiously diverse populations made them vulnerable to the spread of nationalist ideals.
B)The vast geographic expanse of their empires overextended their militaries and strained their economies.
C)They modernized too rapidly and could not cope with the financial demands of their new industries.
D)Harsh political repression provoked terrorist acts and weakened their support among the middle class.
E)Conflict between the monarchy and the army paralyzed their governments and facilitated popular revolts.

Question 44

In which region did the Ottoman Empire have the most trouble with nationalist rebellions in the nineteenth century?

Question 45

What prompted Theodor Herzl to call for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine?

Question 46

In the economic divisions between North and South before the Civil War,the United States most closely resembled

A)Italy after unification.
B)Germany after unification.
C)the Ottoman state under the Young Turks.
D)Third Republic France.
E)Victorian Britain.

Question 47

How did late nineteenth-century nationalists differ from their predecessors who were inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment?

A)They glorified the nation as the embodiment of a particular culture.
B)They viewed the nation as the protector of individual liberties.
C)They believed autonomous nation-states would guarantee world peace.
D)They thought strong nation-states would foster economic equality.
E)They advocated nation-states founded on democratic political systems.

Question 48

What German political party did Bismarck outlaw in 1878?

Question 49

What modernizing step was taken by Tsar Alexander III?

A)rapid industrialization
B)abolition of press censorship
C)increased civil rights for minorities
D)encouragement of domestic factories
E)streamlining government bureaucracy

Question 50

How did Habsburg Emperor Francis Joseph respond to the revolutions of 1848?

A)He established a legislature with an elective lower house.
B)He limited the Catholic Church's control of education.
C)He curbed the political power of the landed aristocracy.
D)He integrated non-Germans into the imperial administration.
E)He mandated better treatment for national minorities.

Question 51

What was the result of the Ottoman's Empire's debt crisis in 1881?

A)foreign control of its state monopolies
B)collapse of the entire imperial economy
C)increased power for commercial entrepreneurs
D)military takeover by the Young Turks
E)destruction of the Turkish middle class

Question 52

On what defining quality did late-nineteenth-century nationalist rhetoric increasingly focus?

A)racial identity
B)political affiliation
C)geographic borders
D)economic systems
E)religious unity

Question 53

Which one of the following statements best describes the government of unified Germany?

A)It was firmly allied with powerful industrial and landowning interests.
B)It was highly responsive to the give and take of the parliamentary process.
C)It enacted social legislation designed to empower the working class.
D)It worked closely with the Catholic Church to defend the status quo.
E)It carefully safeguarded the rights of its multiethnic population.

Question 54

What was similar about the development of Britain and the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century?

A)Industrial growth was accompanied by democratic political reforms.
B)A homogeneous citizenry fostered a harmonious electoral process.
C)One-party political dominance impeded reform.
D)The newly assertive working classes demanded better treatment.
E)A growing number of colonies posed delicate diplomatic issues.

Question 55

Which of the following was NOT a reform instituted by Tsar Alexander II?

A)He allowed the formation of a national assembly.
B)He encouraged the establishment of primary schools.
C)He established local political councils.
D)He abolished serfdom for Russia's peasants.
E)He reduced the terms of military enlistment.

Question 56

What sparked the Progressive movement in the United States?

A)severe economic inequality
B)socialist ideas introduced from Britain
C)the railroads' disruptive impact
D)ingrained political corruption
E)the fact that America lagged behind Europe in economic development.

Question 57

What radical movement in France began as a refusal to accept an 1870 armistice with Prussia and escalated to a rejection of the provisional French government?

Question 58

Jewish nationalism was a response to the

A)rising tide of anti-Semitism in Europe.
B)increasing assimilation of Jews in Europe.
C)success of the Irish nationalist movement.
D)resurgence of Jewish religious devotion.
E)legalization of immigration to Palestine.

Question 59

What was the reaction of Sultan Abdul Hamid II to the appeal for Western-style reforms in the 1870s?

A)He rejected all legal and constitutional change.
B)He encouraged only economic modernization.
C)He established a strictly limited parliament.
D)He reorganized the empire's administration.
E)He recognized the rights of ethnic minorities.

Question 60

Which of the following was the belief most tenaciously held by leaders of the southern states of the United States?

A)States had the right to control their own affairs.
B)The union of states was to be defended above all else.
C)The South would soon surpass the North in industrial production.
D)Slavery would gradually wither away without interference.
E)The North was dependent on Southern agriculture.