Deck 7: Promoting Health and Wellness

Question 1

A patient tells a nurse, "I can't remember anything right before or after my wreck, but the officer told me that I left lots of black marks trying to stop." The nurse explains to the patient:

A) "When scared, the parasympathetic system stimulates the fight-or-flight response."
B) "Your fight-or-flight response pumps adrenaline into your system, which enhances your ability to react quickly."
C) "Cortisol, a natural hormone, ceases production and, as a result, we are able to respond quickly in an emergency."
D) "The sympathetic nervous system blocks your endocrine glands, resulting in additional hormones enabling a quick response."

Answer 1

"Your fight-or-flight response pumps adrenaline into your system, which enhances your ability to react quickly."

Question 2

A nurse educator explains to student nurses that according to Selye, the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

A) An explanation of how the body's response to stress prevents death.
B) Validated by how many people are struggling with terminal illnesses, such as cancer.
C) A theory explaining the body's attempt to adjust to stress.
D) What prevents the threat to health when there is long-term stress.

Answer 2

A theory explaining the body's attempt to adjust to stress.

Question 3

A nurse instructs a patient, "You can decrease your risks for developing many diseases and illnesses by developing healthy habits and participating in health screenings." The patient validates understanding when he or she states:

A) "As long as I begin to limit the amount of bad carbohydrates in my diet and begin exercising by the age of 50, I probably will not develop type 2 diabetes."
B) "Performing monthly breast self-examinations if I have a family history of breast cancer will decrease my chances of developing it."
C) "I can take responsibility for reducing risks by eating a well-balanced diet and seeing my primary care physician for routine health screenings."
D) "Since I am at risk for developing high cholesterol, it will be important for me to ask my primary care physician for medications to prevent it."

Answer 3

"I can take responsibility for reducing risks by eating a well-balanced diet and seeing my primary care physician for routine health screenings."

Question 4

A patient tells a nurse that she recently lost her job and that ever since, she has been going home and verbally abusing her spouse and child. The patient has lost all of her friends and feels confused. This patient is presenting the defense mechanism of

A) Repression.
B) Displacement.
C) Conversion.
D) Restitution.

Question 5

A patient being seen in the clinic tells a nurse, "The pain is in my right side." The patient's phase of illness is

A) Prodromal.
B) Symptomatic.
C) Seeking help.
D) Dependency.

Question 6

An instructor explains that patients may need a nurse's assistance to help cope with the stress of hospitalization. The nurse validates understanding by

A) Using appropriate humor therapy.
B) Providing a back massage and other comfort measures to help the patient relax.
C) Explaining what the patient should expect before performing a procedure or treatment.
D) All of the above.
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Question 7

A nurse instructor explains that health-care professionals should assess their patients' abilities to comprehend and understand basic health-care information, and use that information to make good decisions about their health. This type of assessment is known as

A) High-level wellness assessment.
B) The wellness-illness continuum.
C) Fitzpatrick's rhythm model.
D) Health literacy.

Question 8

A 42-year-old female patient who was just admitted states, "I must be under too much stress. I just do not feel well." The nurse understands that her complaint could be a symptom of stress and is not surprised to find that

A) Her blood pressure is 178/96 mm Hg.
B) She sets aside some time each day to relax.
C) Her pupils are constricted and reactive to light.
D) She is limiting fats and sugar in her diet.

Question 9

A patient calls the clinic complaining of a sore throat and congestion. He is not sure whether he should come to the clinic, wait to see if the symptoms resolve, or treat himself with over-the-counter products. This patient's phase of illness is the

A) Dependency phase.
B) Seeking help phase.
C) Prodromal phase.
D) Symptomatic phase.

Question 10

A patient who has been sexually abused continues to describe the situation as if it happened to a friend instead. This patient is presenting the defense mechanism of

A) Repression.
B) Dissociation.
C) Rationalization.
D) Regression.

Question 11

When questioned about the automobile accident that brought him into the hospital, the patient began to cry loudly. The patient then proceeded to curl up in a ball on the bed and suck his thumb. This patient is presenting the defense mechanism of

A) Sublimation.
B) Displacement.
C) Regression.
D) Avoidance.

Question 12

A nurse discusses with a patient ways to improve health and prevent disease. The nurse suggests that the patient

A) Use emergency and urgent care facilities for routine care.
B) Participate in stress-management techniques.
C) Worry less about food groups and more about calories.
D) Eliminate certain food groups from the diet.

Question 13

An elderly patient with a history of congestive heart failure was just admitted for chest pain. The patient asks a nurse, "Why did my chest pain begin after I thought someone was trying to break into my house?" The best response by the nurse is:

A) "Response to fear increases the body's demand for oxygen, which can place additional stress on your damaged heart and cause chest pain."
B) "The parasympathetic system used all of your available adrenaline, leaving you so tired that you developed chest pain."
C) "Because the release of cortisol blocks the body's response to fear, you weren't allowed sufficient time to rest, which can cause chest pain."
D) "The decrease in oxygen use during the fight-or-flight response is most likely the reason that you developed chest pain."

Question 14

A male patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was brought to the hospital by emergency personnel. He lives alone, has no relatives or friends living nearby, and lives on a fixed income, which prevents him from purchasing all of the medications that he needs. Based on Dunn's wellness grid, a nurse determines that the patient's quadrant is

A) High-level wellness in a favorable environment.
B) Emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment.
C) Protected poor health in a favorable environment.
D) Poor health in an unfavorable environment.

Question 15

A nurse educator explains to student nurses Fitzpatrick's rhythm model theory. According to this theory, a patient's health

A) Is only a state of mind over matter and is controlled by the patient.
B) Is always changing and fluctuates throughout four wellness quadrants.
C) Defines how well the individual promotes his or her physical well-being.
D) Is the result of the interaction between an individual and the environment.

Question 16

A patient who is admitted for observation following an episode of chest pain relieved by rest and two nitroglycerin tablets tells a nurse that his job as CEO of a large firm is becoming too much to handle. According to Selye, the nurse suspects that the patient most likely is experiencing

A) An interaction between the individual and the environment.
B) Protected poor health in a favorable environment.
C) The seeking help phase of illness.
D) The exhaustion phase of stress.

Question 17

A very ill patient is admitted to the hospital with severe symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea that have lasted almost 24 hours. Once discovering that the patient may have ingested contaminated food, a nurse was able to identify this as a(n)

A) Exacerbation.
B) Acute illness.
C) Remission.
D) Chronic illness.

Question 18

A patient at the clinic is complaining to a nurse that she has no specific symptoms, but that her body aches, she is fatigued, and she just does not feel good. This patient's phase of illness is the

A) Dependency phase.
B) Seeking help phase.
C) Prodromal phase.
D) Symptomatic phase.

Question 19

A nurse explains to a patient that health is measured on a continuum scale and that

A) It proves that health is constant and rarely fluctuates.
B) The higher the measurement is, the better one's health is.
C) It measures only the physical aspects of health.
D) It would be more accurate if mental and emotional aspects could be measured.

Question 20

A nurse teaches a patient ways to prevent chronic illness and disease by modifying risk factors. The nurse states:

A) "It is important that you receive the flu vaccination every year."
B) "Your diet should be moderate in calories and include a variety of foods."
C) "Running at least 4 to 5 miles per day will ensure that you do not develop cancers or heart diseases."
D) "Smoking cigarettes that are low in tar and nicotine will greatly decrease your risk for developing respiratory problems."

Question 21

An instructor explains that chronic illness is characterized by periods of either minimal symptoms or a complete absence of symptoms. A nurse explains to a chronically ill patient that his or her absence of symptoms is known as ____________________.

Question 22

During a discussion with a patient participating in a health screening, a nurse suggests which of the following positive ways to cope with stress?

A) Relaxing with family and friends
B) Accepting all challenges
C) Saying no when one has other obligations
D) Eating a diet high in fat and carbohydrates
E) Getting rid of excessive possessions

Question 23

An instructor explains that rheumatoid arthritis is an example of a chronic illness. A nurse explains to a patient with rheumatoid arthritis that an increase or flare-up in the severity of his or her symptoms is known as ____________________.

Question 24

A nurse explains to a patient that Healthy People 2020 was established by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotions (ODPHP) to do which of the following?

A) Fund exercise programs and weight-management initiatives in the workplace.
B) Force tobacco companies and other manufacturers of unhealthy products to close.
C) Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities.
D) Create social and physical environments that promote good health.
E) Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors.

Question 25

A nurse encourages a patient to be proactive in promoting and maintaining health by doing which of the following?

A) Introducing the patient to the benefits of a regular exercise program
B) Discussing the importance of keeping blood sugar levels within normal range
C) Referring to a clinic for blood pressure screening
D) Suggesting that medical care is accessed in acute emergencies and that alternative forms of treatment are used when it is not
E) Explaining effects of overwhelming stress on health