Deck 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity

Question 1

Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?

A) Fear of being or becoming fat
B) A sense of control
C) Below normal weight
D) Restricted eating

Answer 1

Fear of being or becoming fat

Question 2

Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge-eating disorder
D) obesity

Answer 2

obesity

Question 3

Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa?

A) Memory loss
B) Excessive hair growth
C) Hearing and vision impairment
D) Death

Answer 3

Death

Question 4

Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

A) Refusal to maintain normal body weight
B) Distorted perception of body size and shape
C) Amenorrhea
D) Denial

Question 5

In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl's case?

A) Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.
B) The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim.
C) Few women with anorexia exercise.
D) A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening.

Question 6

Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, purging type. We should expect that she

A) strongly denies that she has a serious disorder.
B) is unconcerned about becoming fat.
C) experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.
D) is less than 85 percent of normal body weight but still considers herself "fat."

Question 7

In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must

A) have a distorted body image.
B) not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa.
C) have missed three consecutive menstrual periods.
D) admit that she has a problem.

Question 8

Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?

A) The use of laxatives
B) 30 to 50 percent of those who begin by binge-eating and purging become restricting type anorexics
C) Body weight is within normal range
D) Efforts to restrict food intake

Question 9

Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict

A) she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed.
B) she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.
C) she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame.
D) she will not stop because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting.

Question 10

Lanugo

A) is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia.
B) is another name for an eating binge.
C) is the term for the stopping of a woman's menstrual periods.
D) is the lack of concern people with anorexia show about their condition.

Question 11

The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia

A) is basically the same.
B) is very different - people with anorexia eventually become satisfied with their weight loss and people with bulimia never do.
C) is very different - people with bulimia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with anorexia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.
D) is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.

Question 12

How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?

A) The bulimic type involves throwing up, and the anorexic type involves fasting.
B) Altered eating and exercise habits result in missed periods in the bulimic type only.
C) The bulimic type results in more severe health consequences than the anorexic type.
D) People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

Question 13

Raquel has occasions when she eats enormous amounts of food in a short time. Afterwards, she will refuse to eat anything solid for a couple of days. Her weight fluctuates but is normal. Her most likely diagnosis is

A) anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type.
B) anorexia nervosa, restricting type.
C) bulimia nervosa, purging type.
D) bulimia nervosa, nonpurging type.

Question 14

Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men?

A) Heterosexuality
B) Bicycling
C) Wrestling
D) Painting

Question 15

Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have?

A) Self-induced vomiting
B) Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats
C) Normal menstrual periods
D) Occasional bouts of overeating

Question 16

The text presented the case of Nicole, a college student with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she

A) had suffered few health problems.
B) had few thoughts of food except when she was eating.
C) experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.
D) did not realize that her eating habits were abnormal.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Obesity

Question 18

A common sign of bulimia nervosa, purging type is

A) lanugo.
B) intolerance to cold.
C) kidney failure.
D) damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.

Question 19

Cindy is 5 ' 6" tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food - several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes - all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy's most likely diagnosis is

A) bulimia nervosa, purging type.
B) anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type.
C) anorexia nervosa, restricting type.
D) no disorder.

Question 20

Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because

A) the patient will eventually stop bingeing and purging and start fasting.
B) anorexia is considered the more reliable diagnosis.
C) anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia.
D) bingeing and purging are not considered very important symptoms.

Question 21

Which of the following characterizes most anorexia nervosa patients in Asia?

A) Previously diagnosed with bulimia nervosa
B) Excessive fear of being fat
C) Fear of stomach bloating
D) Severe depression and anxiety

Question 22

What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?

A) Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run.
B) Most people improve fairly quickly and don't relapse.
C) Anorexia has an excellent recovery rate, but the other disorders don't.
D) The prognosis is extremely poor, with few recovering from it.

Question 23

Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders?

A) Personality disorders are always seen in those with eating disorders.
B) Personality may be altered by malnourishment.
C) Eating disorders may merely be a symptom of a personality disorder.
D) Both personality disorders and eating disorders are highly subjective diagnostic categories, thus the collection of empirical data is tainted by the nature of these conditions.

Question 24

Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She binges and purges at least twice a week. According to the DSM-IV-TR she should be diagnosed

A) with anorexia nervosa, binge/purge subtype.
B) with Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
C) with Binge Eating Disorder.
D) with no form of eating disorder since her symptoms do not fit anorexia or bulimia.

Question 25

Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites?

A) Body dissatisfaction
B) Living in an industrialized society
C) Fear of stomach bloating
D) Desire to please the family

Question 26

Binge-eating disorder

A) is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa.
B) is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting.
C) cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight.
D) involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.

Question 27

Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings

A) may be the result of her starving herself.
B) were probably modeled by her father and mother.
C) suggest that she does not suffer from "neuroticism."
D) must have predated the onset of the anorexia.

Question 28

Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate?

A) A person meeting the criteria for bulimia rarely, if ever, has been diagnosed with anorexia.
B) There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
C) Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions.
D) Although anorexia and bulimia are quite similar, women with eating disorders rarely have a comorbid psychological condition.

Question 29

Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is

A) their age - younger black women have higher rates of eating disorders than older.
B) assimilation into white culture and middle class values.
C) their weight - very overweight black women have the same rates of eating disorders as whites do.
D) whether they were recent immigrants.

Question 30

In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for eating disorders, which of the following predicted poor outcomes for those diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia?

A) Depression
B) Presence of a personality disorder
C) Substance abuse
D) OCD

Question 31

Delilah is less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She restricts her eating and is intensely fearful of becoming fat. Despite her emaciated appearance, she appears to have lots of energy, has normal menstrual cycles, and dates regularly. According to the DSM-IV-TR she should be diagnosed

A) with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype.
B) with anorexia nervosa, undifferentiated subtype.
C) with Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
D) with no form of eating disorder since her symptoms do not fit anorexia or bulimia.

Question 32

What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression?

A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) GABA
D) Norepinephrine

Question 33

According to set-point theory

A) anorexics have successfully adjusted their bodies to a new lower set-point.
B) hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point.
C) behavioral means of altering body weight can never overcome the body's ability to compensate physiologically.
D) the body weight that is maintained in the absence of dieting is the one at which health is maximized.

Question 34

What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM?

A) Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight.
B) The gender difference in its prevalence is minimal.
C) It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders.
D) Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true?

A) While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.
B) While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining.
C) While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia.
D) While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency.

Question 36

Set-point theory explains why

A) losing those last few pounds is easier than losing the first few.
B) the desire for fatty high calorie foods decreases over time when deprived of food.
C) binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction.
D) serotonin levels change with fasting.

Question 37

What disorders are often comorbid with eating disorders?

A) post-traumatic stress disorder and depression
B) panic disorder and personality disorders
C) generalized anxiety disorder and substance abuse
D) depression and personality disorders

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the role of genetics as a risk factor for eating disorders is true?

A) While the gene underlying the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa has been identified, the role of genes in the development of other forms of eating disorders is not clear.
B) The lack of adoption studies has made it impossible to determine the heritability of eating disorders.
C) Due to the complex nature of eating disorders and the probability that multiple genes contribute to their development, a role for genes in such disorders has yet to be established.
D) Although the findings to date are mixed, the evidence does indicate that a susceptibility to eating disorders may be inherited along with a diathesis for other psychological conditions.

Question 39

Set-point theory about weight suggests that

A) dieting can establish a new set-point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia.
B) people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight.
C) the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.
D) sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals.

Question 40

Binge-eating disorder

A) is the eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM.
B) has not yet been formally recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome.
C) usually develops into anorexia, binge-eating/purging subtype.
D) is more common in males than in females.

Question 41

When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body,

A) young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women.
B) most young women want a body that is more "curved" than the media-encouraged ideal.
C) young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do.
D) young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.

Question 42

Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with

A) body satisfaction.
B) negative affect.
C) recovery from eating disorders.
D) attitudes about interpersonal relationships.

Question 43

Families of people with anorexia

A) do not have any characteristic features.
B) tend to provide few rules and limits.
C) exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism.
D) emphasize individuality.

Question 44

Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia?

A) Family therapy has been found to be the most effective form of therapy for bulimia.
B) Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.
C) The well-established role of the family in the development of eating disorders necessitates the involvement of the family in their treatment.
D) CBT and other forms of individual psychotherapy have been found to be ineffective.

Question 45

A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics?

A) Dopamine
B) Epinephrine
C) GABA
D) Serotonin

Question 46

Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia?

A) Parents who are unconventional, dramatic, and antisocial.
B) Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.
C) Sibling rivalry that breaks out into physical and verbal aggression.
D) Children who reduce psychological tension in the family by dominating their parents.

Question 47

In the treatment of eating disorders, medications

A) have proven to be especially helpful in treating patients with anorexia.
B) may be useful in treating depressive and psychotic symptoms, but are not a primary treatment.
C) are commonly used to stimulate appetite.
D) have been found to be more effective than most psychological interventions.

Question 48

Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate?

A) There are very few options available in the treatment of eating disorders.
B) Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.
C) There are virtually no situations in which hospitalization is necessary to treat eating disorders.
D) Family involvement in treatment tends to undercut the chances of lasting recovery in the patient.

Question 49

Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women?

A) While the weight of the average woman is decreasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing even faster.
B) While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.
C) While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is increasing even faster.
D) Weight of the average woman doesn't seem to be affected by the average weight of the ideal woman.

Question 50

What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?

A) Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.
B) Dieting is a risk factor for bulimia.
C) Dieting is not a risk factor for the development of eating disorder.
D) When done properly, dieting seems to decrease eating disorder symptoms for a while and then leads to a sharp increase in symptoms.

Question 51

The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that

A) biological factors play a minimal role in the etiology of eating disorders.
B) environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.
C) definitions of beauty are not changed over time.
D) there is no relationship between physical standards of beauty and desirable personality traits.

Question 52

One of the reasons it is difficult to know if a disruption in the serotonin system causes eating disorders is

A) research has not supported the theory.
B) people with eating disorders often have depression as well.
C) serotonin doesn't seem to have anything to do with appetite or eating behaviors.
D) after recovery from eating disorders, serotonin levels don't change.

Question 53

Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa?

A) Few people with anorexia who are in treatment are willing to participate with bulimics.
B) Few people with anorexia achieve full remission.
C) The high mortality rate with anorexia results in sample sizes too small to yield valid conclusions.
D) Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.

Question 54

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms?

A) The amount of control families tried to have over the person
B) The degree of overprotectiveness parents displayed
C) The amount of marital conflict between the parents
D) The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

Question 55

Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder?

A) Neuroticism
B) Perfectionism
C) Pessimism
D) Individualism

Question 56

After her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case?

A) Dental problems are not seen in those with anorexia.
B) Psychiatrists rarely suggest hospitalization for this type of anorexia.
C) Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.
D) The failure to use outpatient treatment before hospitalization.

Question 57

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders?

A) There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.
B) There is no relationship between early sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders later in life.
C) Early sexual abuse may lead to a denial of one's sexuality and a desire to maintain a child-like appearance, resulting in attempts to prevent the development of a more mature figure through dieting.
D) While sexual abuse has been found to increase the risk of developing anorexia, no relationship has been observed between abuse and other eating disorders.

Question 58

The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is

A) unconditional love and acceptance.
B) neglect.
C) control.
D) lack of direction and rules.

Question 59

What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders?

A) Making a diagnosis before the disorder becomes life threatening
B) Engaging the family in the treatment process
C) Finding an effective pharmacological treatment
D) Overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment

Question 60

A lack of body distortions among the Amish

A) provides evidence against a role for sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders.
B) indicates that the Amish do not value physical beauty.
C) suggests that the influence of the Western media is not as great as commonly perceived.
D) suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.

Question 61

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be addressed in the treatment of binge eating disorder?

A) Body dissatisfaction
B) Illogical food rules
C) Misconceptions about overweight people
D) Idealization of low body weight

Question 62

What is the relationship between obesity and social class?

A) There is none.
B) Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower SES adults and children.
C) Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower SES adults but higher SES children.
D) Obesity occurs much more frequently in higher SES adults and children.

Question 63

Why are family attitudes about obesity important?

A) Because they reflect the genetic influences on obesity
B) Because they will cause people to be happier when obese
C) Because the consequences are likely to remain with us
D) They aren't - peer influence is more important

Question 64

Comfort food

A) does nothing physiologically, any effects are due to expectation.
B) may help reduce activation in the stress response system.
C) changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more.
D) affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full.

Question 65

Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders

A) is quite thorough because there are many controlled studies comparing long-term outcomes.
B) is much more detailed for anorexia nervosa than for bulimia nervosa.
C) suggests that hospitalization is most effective for long-term maintenance of treatment gains.
D) suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice.

Question 66

Leptin

A) is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake.
B) is a hormone that is a promising new treatment for obesity.
C) is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point.
D) is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true?

A) The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.
B) Only when obesity has a behavioral cause is it dangerous.
C) Individuals who are obese, but active, are not at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
D) Obesity is only a threat to health in cultures where the obesity is due to the consumption of fatty foods and relative inactivity.

Question 68

Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity?

A) Obesity is no longer a factor that decreases survival, thus genes for obesity are becoming more prevalent in the general population
B) The tendency to underfeed children who then overeat as adults
C) The adoption of unhealthy life styles
D) The popularity of dieting

Question 69

Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity?

A) Amphetamine
B) Phentermine
C) Fenfluramine
D) Sibutramine

Question 70

Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity?

A) Asthma.
B) Cancer.
C) Low blood pressure.
D) Joint disease.

Question 71

Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat

A) adolescents.
B) adults.
C) men.
D) those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms.

Question 72

In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese?

A) China
B) Japan
C) United Kingdom
D) United States

Question 73

Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa ?

A) Decreased mood.
B) Decreased appetite.
C) Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.
D) Increased frequency of binges.

Question 74

Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders?

A) It is the therapy of choice for most disorders.
B) The role of learning in the development of eating disorders is well-established.
C) Medical interventions have proven ineffective.
D) Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

Question 75

Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Family therapy
C) Antidepressant medication
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 76

In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with Binge Eating Disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also

A) teach the clients to be greater risk-takers.
B) educate the clients that fat people have certain character flaws.
C) provide factual information about eating and dieting.
D) help the client to emotionally separate from her family.

Question 77

Grehlin

A) is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake.
B) is a hormone that is a promising new treatment for obesity.
C) is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point.
D) is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

Question 78

What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity?

A) A child stops eating because of low self-esteem, becomes anorexic and then is successfully treated but still has negative feelings about her- or himself.
B) A thin child eats normally but is teased about his or her weight and begins to diet further.
C) A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.
D) A thin child binges because of depression and low self-esteem, purges and feels better, then feels safe to binge again, eating more later.

Question 79

Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity?

A) High socioeconomic status
B) Living in an Asian culture
C) Being well-cared-for as a child
D) Low parental education

Question 80

Obesity

A) is more common in men than in women.
B) rates vary little across Western cultures.
C) is culturally defined.
D) has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.