Deck 18: Religion

Question 1

Christian heads of state carried out bloody crusades for _____ to try to wrest control of what they called the Holy Land from the Muslims.

A) 10 years
B) 100 years
C) three centuries
D) seven centuries

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When we have a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God, this is a(n)

A) religious experience.
B) example of ritual.
C) religious symbol.
D) example of cosmology.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

After doing a survey of worldwide religions, Durkheim defined _____ as beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community.

A) delusion
B) the church
C) the truth
D) religion

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_____, for Durkheim, meant things connected with the supernatural.

A) Church
B) Sacred
C) Profane
D) Belief

Question 5

Solid research shows that people who go to religious services more than once a week live _____ people who do not attend religious services.

A) about four years less than
B) the same amount of time as
C) about seven and a half years longer than
D) about 25 years longer than

Question 6

In religion, _____is (are) observances or rites often intended to evoke a sense of awe of the sacred.

A) symbols
B) rituals
C) sacred texts
D) artwork

Question 7

_____ is a term that refers to a government-sponsored religion.

A) Civil religion
B) Persecution
C) State religion
D) The church

Question 8

One of the positive functions of religion is to

A) provide emotional comfort in times of need.
B) persecute nonbelievers.
C) justify war.
D) justify terrorism.

Question 9

When it comes to persecution, the history of religion shows that

A) persecution is universally condemned.
B) religion is frequently used as a justification for persecution.
C) persecution occurred in past centuries, but not in the present century.
D) persecution is universally encouraged.

Question 10

Weber used the term spirit of capitalism to describe the desire to accumulate capital

A) to deprive the poor of the means to live.
B) as an end in itself.
C) in order to help those less fortunate.
D) in order to spend it.

Question 11

_____ is the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies.

A) Modernization
B) The Protestant ethic
C) Animism
D) Reincarnation

Question 12

Things that are not connected with religion, but are instead part of ordinary, everyday life, Durkheim called

A) profane.
B) sacred.
C) profound.
D) the church.

Question 13

The United States sponsors no particular religion, but stamps "In God We Trust" on its coins, its presidents ask God to bless the nation, and the Pledge of Allegiance refers to "one nation under God." This is an example of a

A) civil religion.
B) state religion.
C) functional equivalent.
D) sacred state.

Question 14

_____ said that religion is the opium of the people.

A) Weber
B) Marx
C) Robertson
D) Ché Guevara

Question 15

Religion supports the status quo and helps to maintain social inequalities, according to the _____ perspective of sociology.

A) functionalist
B) born again
C) symbolic interactionist
D) conflict

Question 16

Cosmology refers to

A) astronomy.
B) values about how we ought to live.
C) teachings or ideas that provide a unified picture of the world.
D) a religious experience.

Question 17

Before the American Civil War, Southern ministers used scripture to defend slavery from the pulpit. This is an example of the use of religion to

A) question authority.
B) foment change.
C) legitimate social inequalities.
D) stress that we are all equal in the eyes of God.

Question 18

One characteristic of all religions is their use of _____, such a fish, to provide identity and create social solidarity for their members.

A) the same symbols
B) one of three symbols
C) words rather than symbols
D) symbols

Question 19

To Durkheim, Hindus dipping in the Ganges River, Confucians offering food to their ancestors, and Buddhists bowing before a shrine, were all examples of

A) a shrine.
B) religion.
C) the profane.
D) a church.

Question 20

_____ religions provide support for the government.

A) No
B) Few
C) Most
D) All

Question 21

How do sociologists today react to Weber's thesis that religion held the key to modernization?

A) The theory is generally reviled.
B) Sociologists continue to test Weber's theory.
C) All sociologists agree with the theory.
D) Weber's theory has had no influence on sociology.

Question 22

_____ has been the main religion of India for about 3,000 years.

A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Judaism
D) Buddhism

Question 23

In the Western United States, the second most popular religion is

A) Bhá'i.
B) Hinduism.
C) Buddhism.
D) Judaism.

Question 24

Taken literally, _____ is an extraordinary gift from God.

A) charisma
B) evangelism
C) ecclesia
D) a sect

Question 25

_____ is a new religion with few followers, whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion.

A) sect
B) ecclesia
C) church
D) cult

Question 26

All religions began as

A) ecclesia.
B) sects.
C) animism.
D) cults.

Question 27

Confucianism is mainly practiced in

A) Japan.
B) China.
C) the Middle East.
D) Mexico.

Question 28

_____ is the religion with the most followers in the world.

A) Islam
B) Judaism
C) Buddhism
D) Christianity

Question 29

The return of the soul (or self) after death in a different form is known as

A) reincarnation.
B) monotheism.
C) animism.
D) evangelism.

Question 30

The Protestant ethic is what Weber called the approach taken by the

A) French Revolution.
B) Buddhists.
C) Roman Catholic Church.
D) Calvinists.

Question 31

_____ is the belief that there is only one God.

A) Animism
B) Monotheism
C) Polytheism
D) Reincarnation

Question 32

Christianity developed out of

A) Judaism.
B) Hinduism.
C) Animism.
D) Confucianism.

Question 33

Buddhism emphasizes

A) making money and getting ahead.
B) guilt.
C) dominion over all living creatures.
D) self-denial and compassion.

Question 34

Members of the Lutheran Church are concentrated mostly in the _____ of the United States.

A) Northeast
B) Upper Midwest
C) South
D) Northwest

Question 35

Although larger than a cult, a _____ still feels substantial hostility from and toward society.

A) religion
B) sect
C) church
D) state religion

Question 36

Ancient Greek religion believed in

A) polytheism.
B) one god.
C) animism.
D) three gods.

Question 37

As a result of _____, most Jews were exiled for almost 2,000 years.

A) Catholicism
B) the Holocaust
C) anti-Semitism
D) Islam

Question 38

_____ believes that all objects in the world have spirits, some of which are dangerous and must be outwitted.

A) Animism
B) Protestantism
C) Monotheism
D) Polytheism

Question 39

Islam, founded by Muhammad, is the world's _____ monotheistic religion.

A) only
B) second largest
C) third largest
D) largest

Question 40

It is difficult to tell where _____ ends and society's dominant culture begins, because they are so integrated.

A) a cult
B) an ecclesia
C) a sect
D) evangelism

Question 41

According to Durkheim, what are the three elements of religion?

Question 42

People have (at least) four fundamental questions that science, including sociology, cannot answer, but that religion can. What are these questions?

Question 43

The _____ of religion replaces the religion's spiritual or "other worldly" concerns with concerns about "this world."

A) privatization
B) fundamentalist revival
C) secularization
D) diversity

Question 44

The American attitude toward the variety of religions can be summed up as

A) incredulity.
B) disdain for every religion except what one deems the correct religion.
C) ignoring them all.
D) tolerance.

Question 45

According to the functionalist perspective, what positive functions does religion serve?

Question 46

What is the difference between religion and its functional equivalents?

Question 47

In the United States, the _____ of churches is based on _____.

A) integration; law.
B) segregation; law.
C) segregation; custom.
D) integration; custom.

Question 48

With hundreds of denominations in the United States,

A) there is no dominant religion.
B) the Episcopal Church is the dominant religion.
C) Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion.
D) historical black churches make up the dominant religion.

Question 49

It seems safe to predict that in the future,

A) religion will last as long as people do.
B) the religions will merge into one.
C) religion will disappear.
D) science will prove or disprove the existence of God.

Question 50

In the decade ending in 2012, the _____ gained the most members, and the _____ Church lost the most members.

A) United Churches of Christ; Mormon
B) Lutheran Church; Roman Catholic
C) Assemblies of God; Baptist
D) Pentecostal Church; Presbyterian

Question 51

Fundamentalist Christian churches are

A) dwindling in numbers.
B) undergoing a revival.
C) merging into one church.
D) known for their view that the Bible is essentially literature.

Question 52

In what way did the founding of Judaism mark a fundamental change in religion?

Question 53

With the _____, a culture becomes less influenced by religion.

A) secularization of culture
B) increased religious participation
C) rise of fundamentalists
D) saturation of belief

Question 54

In the United States, religion is

A) independent of status consistency.
B) stratified by social class.
C) mainly made up of sects.
D) unaffected by social class.

Question 55

Religious affiliation is correlated with family income in the United States, with _____ receiving the lowest family income.

A) Jehovah's Witnesses
B) Southern Baptists
C) Mormons
D) Roman Catholics