Deck 12: Children

Question 1

According to Erikson's theory of the human life cycle, the predominant developmental issue in infancy is

A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) initiative vs. guilt
C) basic trust vs. mistrust
D) intimacy vs. isolation
E) identity vs. role confusion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Erikson's description of developmental eras in the human life cycle, the principal virtue or quality of ego functioning to be achieved in middle childhood is

A) self-control
B) hope
C) purpose or direction
D) competency
E) love

Answer 2

D

Question 3

To say that children engage in "magical thinking" means they

A) believe all objects and events in the world have been manufactured to serve people
B) attribute life and consciousness to objects that others think of as inanimate
C) explain events by the causal influence of various commands, intentions, and forces
D) all of these
E) none of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Maria Nagy reported that children in what she termed Stage 1 view death as

A) permanent
B) going to sleep
C) final
D) irreversible
E) none of these

Question 5

The leading cause of death in all of childhood after the first year of life is

A) HIV and AIDS
B) cancer
C) homicide
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 6

The sub-concept of death most closely related to the recognition that death involves the complete and final cessation of all life-defining capabilities typically attributed to a living
Physical body is

A) causality
B) universality
C) noncorporeal continuation
D) nonfunctionality
E) irreversibility

Question 7

Maria Nagy claimed that children in what she termed Stage I view death as

A) irreversible
B) final
C) differentiated from life
D) reversible
E) none of these

Question 8

According to Erikson's theory of the human life cycle, the predominant developmental issue in early childhood is

A) industry vs. inferiority
B) initiative vs. guilt
C) basic trust vs. mistrust
D) intimacy vs. isolation
E) industry vs. inferiority

Question 9

During the period from birth to adolescence, the largest number of deaths occurs in

A) infancy (0-1 years of age)
B) early childhood (1-3 years of age)
C) play age children (4-5 years of age)
D) school age (6-11 years of age)
E) none of these

Question 10

According to Erikson's description of developmental eras in the human life cycle, the principal virtue or quality of ego functioning to be achieved in toddlerhood is

A) self-control
B) hope
C) purpose or direction
D) competency
E) love

Question 11

Recent research about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has taught us that

A) a syndrome is a recognizable pattern of events whose underlying cause is known
B) children should be put down for sleep on their backs
C) accurate criteria are now available to predict which children will die of SIDS
D) beds for children should be furnished with soft toys and mattresses
E) none of the above

Question 12

The leading cause of death among infants from 1 month to 1 year of age in the United States Is:

A) accidents
B) congenital anomalies
C) HIV infection and AIDS
D) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
E) homicide

Question 13

Speece and Brent concluded that most studies of children's understandings of death have found that most children understand the key bioscientific sub-concepts of the concept of
Death by the age of

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10
E) 12

Question 14

The leading cause of death among children 1-4 years of age in the United States is

A) accidents
B) premature births
C) cancer
D) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
E) homicide

Question 15

Maria Nagy reported that children in what she termed Stage 2 are likely to view death as

A) temporary
B) going to sleep
C) gradual
D) a departure
E) none of these

Question 16

Which of the following is a significant variable that affects children's interactions with death?

A) individual personality
B) life experiences
C) cognitive development
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 17

Maria Nagy reported that children in what she termed Stage 3 are likely to view death as

A) universal
B) final
C) inevitable
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 18

In the audiovisual, "And We Were Sad, Remember?", when the father tells his child "you don't have to worry about that [death] for a hundred years," the father is not

A) supporting the child's interest in the death event
B) determining what and how the child is able to understand
C) seeing this death as an important life experience for the child
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 19

A fundamental lesson from research on the development of children's concepts of death is that children

A) at a young age are able to grasp a mature concept of death
B) make an active effort to grasp or understand death
C) who think of death as sleep are without a concept of death
D) personify death in Hungary and in other countries
E) can grasp the finality of death before the age of 5

Question 20

The sub-concept of death most closely related to the recognition that "all living things must eventually die" is

A) causality
B) universality
C) noncorporeal continuation
D) nonfunctionality
E) irreversibility

Question 21

After a funeral, which of the following would be most helpful to a young bereaved child who is repeatedly asking questions about when the person who died will come home?

A) encourage the child to work out answers to these questions on his own
B) give the child a toy to play with
C) explain that questions like this make you feel bad
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 22

A central guideline for adults seeking to communicate effectively with children about death is

A) answer what they should want to know
B) tell them what they need to know
C) take your cues from the children
D) employ euphemisms so as not to frighten them
E) change the subject

Question 23

A study in Sweden asked parents whose child had died from cancer whether or not they had talked about death with their child. Results showed that:

A) no parent who had talked with his or her child about death regretted having done so
B) most parents who had not talked with their child about death regretted not having done so
C) all parents who had not talked with their child about death were pleased with their decisions
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 24

Pediatric palliative care is

A) a program of like Ronald McDonald Houses
B) care for children with life-threatening illnesses and their families
C) inpatient care for dying children in hospitals
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 25

Which of the following is not true about grieving children?

A) children may immerse themselves in play activities soon after the death occurs
B) children will be continually preoccupied with thoughts of the dead person
C) children may talk to anyone about a death, even strangers
D) children may ask the same questions over and over about the person who has died
E) children's questions may baffle adults

Question 26

Communication about death with children that is conducted through artwork is an example of

A) nonsymbolic, verbal communication
B) symbolic, verbal communication
C) symbolic, nonverbal communication
D) nonsymbolic, graphic communication
E) nonverbal, graphic communication

Question 27

The group of grieving children who are free from task work in mourning is

A) children who are 1-3 years of age
B) children who are 4-5 years of age
C) children who are 6-11 years of age
D) children who are dying
E) none of these

Question 28

Central issues likely to be prominent in the grief experiences of bereaved children include

A) did I cause it?
B) who is going to take care of me?
C) is it going to happen to me?
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 29

Children who have survived a life-threatening illness often have to deal with issues of

A) submitting to stigma in social contexts
B) learning to live with certainty
C) incorporating the disease experience into their life histories
D) learning to reject compromise in ongoing living
E) all of these

Question 30

Waechter's research demonstrated highest anxiety levels in

A) nonhospitalized, well children
B) children with chronic disease with a good prognosis
C) children with brief illness
D) children with chronic disease with a fatal prognosis
E) none of these

Question 31

Rochlin's research on play activities of children showed that

A) death is a matter of deep consideration to young children
B) death is avoided in children's games
C) "peek-a-boo" is an example of a child's game that is not related to death
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 32

Mary is 9 years old. She is at home in the last stages of a life-threatening illness. When she says she misses her friends and wants to go to school to see them, what should you do?

A) tell her that she is now too sick to do that, but maybe she can do it at some later time
B) explain that you will play with her so that she won't miss her friends
C) arrange to have one or two of her friends visit her for short periods at home
D) ignore her comment because you know it is not possible to do that
E) drive her to the school for a surprise visit to her classroom

Question 33

An 8-year-old child has learned that his teenage sister was in a car accident and died. His mother is telling him that his sister has been staying over at a friend's house. What problems
Are likely to result for the boy from this mother's actions?

A) undermining of trust
B) a sense of being abandoned and alone
C) a lack of self-confidence
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 34

Bettleheim argued that death-related themes in children's stories and humor are

A) avoided by healthy children
B) absent
C) morbid or unhealthful
D) wholesome
E) none of these

Question 35

Bluebond-Langner's research with dying children demonstrated that as such children acquired information about their illnesses, changes occurred in their

A) concepts of their professional caregivers
B) concepts of their parents
C) concepts of themselves
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 36

Jimmy is 7 years old. He has been receiving chemotherapy for two years, but now his cancer is in its terminal phase. He is asking questions about what will happen to his toys after he can't
Play with them any more. Your best response would be to

A) ask him what his wishes would be
B) tell him that he will always be able to play with his toys
C) explain that you will throw the toys away in the garbage
D) encourage him not to think about such bad ideas
E) change the subject

Question 37

Death-related experiences and issues are not openly discussed with children in contemporary American society because

A) the Amish showed us difficulties in dealing with death
B) children receive many messages that death is not an acceptable topic for discussion
C) most adults fear death and death-related issues
D) all of society has very negative feelings about death
E) none of these

Question 38

You are trying to help a child who has a life-threatening illness and is near death. If the child asks you, "What is happening to me?, your best response would be to

A) tell the child you will ask a counselor to discuss this question
B) pick up a toy and ask the child to tell you about it
C) ask the child to help you understand what this question means
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 39

Support groups for bereaved children are founded on the conviction that

A) such children are unlikely to be able to find a healthy way to go forward in their lives
B) stigmatizing bereaved children is unavoidable
C) complicated mourning processes have not been identified in such children
D) one must suspect the validity of a child's mourning processes
E) grief is a natural reaction to loss in children

Question 40

Your child is 5 years old. For the past two years, her grandmother has been babysitting for her. Recently, the grandmother had a heart attack and died. What do you tell your child?

A) Grandma's heart stopped and the doctors couldn't make it work again; she died
B) Grandma is busy now and won't be able to babysit for you any longer
C) God loved Grandma so much that He took her to be with Him in heaven
D) Grandma's heart blew up and she was covered with blood before she died
E) Nothing