Deck 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

Which of the following components accounts for the differences between amino acids?

A) the side chain
B) the nitrogen chain
C) the acid group
D) the amine group

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the name for the bond that is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein?

A) sulphur
B) denatured
C) amino acid
D) peptide

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following foods has the highest protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)?

A) soybean protein
B) chick peas
C) kidney beans
D) tuna

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the name of the substance in the small intestine that splits tripeptides and dipeptides?

A) amylase
B) hydrolase
C) lipase
D) peptidase

Question 5

Which of the following provides the amino acids that are most easily absorbed by the body?

A) legumes
B) animal proteins
C) vegetables
D) grains

Question 6

How many amino acids are considered to be indispensable/essential amino acids?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 13

Question 7

In determining its recommendation for protein intake,the dietary reference intakes (DRI)committee assumed that the protein in a normal diet would typically come from which of the following sources?

A) primarily from animal sources
B) primarily from plant sources
C) entirely from animal sources
D) from a combination of animal and plant sources

Question 8

Which of the following does the body require to synthesize protein?

A) adequate total amount of incomplete protein
B) all essential amino acids in the proper amounts
C) adequate carbohydrate intake
D) excess amino acid supplements

Question 9

According to the dietary reference intakes (DRI)committee,a healthy adult's intake for protein should be how many grams for each kilogram of body weight?

A) 0.5 grams per kilogram
B) 0.8 grams per kilogram
C) 1.0 grams per kilogram
D) 1.5 grams per kilogram

Question 10

According to the dietary reference intakes (DRI)committee,minimum protein intake should be what percentage of total calories?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 11

What does the body do with an oversupply of amino acids?

A) It converts amino acid residues to glycogen or fat.
B) It removes them and excretes their acid groups.
C) It makes excess nitrogen.
D) It stores them until they are needed.

Question 12

The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)takes which of the following factors into account?

A) the quality of food protein
B) the length of time it takes for the protein to break down
C) how well the protein supports weight gain
D) the number of amino acids in a food

Question 13

Which of the following is a protein catalyst that acts on other substances to change them chemically?

A) enzyme
B) catalyst
C) antibody
D) hormone

Question 14

The dietary reference intake (DRI)for protein depends on which of the following?

A) sex
B) body size
C) weight
D) height

Question 15

Amino acids are broken down,then incorporated by the liver into which of the following substances?

A) bile
B) urine
C) glucose
D) urea

Question 16

Which of the following can cause denaturation of proteins?

A) size of the protein chain
B) cold temperatures
C) light
D) heat

Question 17

Which of the following protects the stomach lining from the very strong acid of the stomach?

A) saliva
B) enzymes
C) a coating of mucus
D) antibodies

Question 18

Which of the following groups is susceptible to NEGATIVE nitrogen balance?

A) lactating women
B) surgery patients
C) growing children
D) pregnant women

Question 19

What factor determines the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule?

A) sex
B) the diet
C) age
D) heredity

Question 20

Carbohydrate,fat,and protein all offer energy,but protein also offers which of the following elements?

A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) carbon

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kwashiorkor?

A) enlarged,fatty liver
B) normal or impaired appetite
C) severe weight loss
D) some muscle wasting

Question 22

What is the name given to the compounds that maintain acid-base balance in the blood?

A) hormones
B) buffers
C) electrolytes
D) enzymes

Question 23

What does the term protein turnover mean?

A) maintaining electrolyte balance
B) building antibodies
C) ingesting protein-rich foods
D) replacing worn-out red blood cells

Question 24

Which of the following nutrients buffers the blood against excess acidity or alkalinity?

A) lipids
B) water
C) protein
D) carbohydrate

Question 25

Which of the following symptoms would a child with marasmus exhibit?

A) dry,thin,and wrinkled skin
B) edema
C) skin rash
D) slight weight loss

Question 26

Your friend avoids acid foods like tomatoes and orange juice because she believes they give her an acid stomach.What information would you give her in response to that?

A) Highly acidic foods do increase the acidity of the stomach.
B) You need to see your doctor about producing more mucus to line your stomach.
C) The stomach is supposed to be alkaline to do its job.
D) No food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger.

Question 27

Absorption of what nutrient can be inhibited by heavy use of soy products in place of meat?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) folate
D) vitamin C

Question 28

Why should eggs be cooked rather than eaten raw?

A) Raw egg proteins bind the mineral iron.
B) Raw egg proteins bind the B vitamin folate.
C) Raw egg proteins speed up protein digestion.
D) Raw egg proteins bind the mineral calcium.

Question 29

What is the name for the calorie-deficiency disease that takes the form of extreme loss of muscle and fat?

A) kwashiorkor
B) marasmus
C) protein-energy malnutrition
D) protein-calorie malnutrition

Question 30

The body makes tyrosine from which of the following essential amino acids?

A) lysine
B) phenylalanine
C) leucine
D) threonine

Question 31

What is the name for the strategy of combining two incomplete plant protein sources so that the amino acids in one food make up for those lacking in the other food?

A) complementary supplementation
B) simultaneous augmentation
C) mutual substitution
D) mutual supplementation

Question 32

A protein-rich diet can lead to which of the following consequences?

A) a low intake of vitamin A
B) a low intake of vitamin E
C) a low intake of iron
D) a low intake of folate

Question 33

Which of the following foods/food groups provides the LEAST amount of protein?

A) vegetables
B) grains
C) soybeans
D) fruits

Question 34

Cordelia has influenza.What type of protein does her immune system need to manufacture in order to fight the influenza and develop immunity?

A) antibodies
B) antigens
C) hemoglobin
D) lipoproteins

Question 35

The more animal protein you consume,the higher your intake of what?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin A
C) folate
D) vitamin C

Question 36

Your friend is a vegetarian who consumes large quantities of soy products in the place of meat.Your friend is at risk of developing a deficiency of what nutrient?

A) folate
B) vitamin C
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 37

Which of the following can help athletes achieve bigger muscles?

A) rigorous physical training
B) amino acid supplements
C) use of creatine
D) excess protein consumption in the form of food

Question 38

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to maximize the digestibility of protein?

A) grilling
B) frying
C) stewing
D) baking

Question 39

Which of the following is a hereditary amino acid disorder?

A) sickle cell disease
B) hemophilia
C) kwashiorkor
D) diabetes

Question 40

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

A) Milk removes the metal taste of the poison.
B) Milk will cause the person to vomit and expel the poison.
C) Milk will provide calcium,which renders the poison harmless.
D) The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the protein of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 41

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey,adults obtain approximately what percentage of the total calories in their diet from protein?

A) 13%
B) 15%
C) 17%
D) 19%

Question 42

Proteins attract water and hold it within the vessels,preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells.Which of the following will an individual develop should any part of this system begin to fail?

A) dehydration
B) edema
C) diabetes
D) acidosis

Question 43

What two amino acids are approved for sale in Canada as natural health products?

A) lysine and alanine
B) cysteine and glutamine
C) arginine and histidine
D) arginine and lysine

Question 44

Marcia excludes animal flesh,seafood,and eggs from her diet,but she does consume dairy products,vegetables,grains,legumes,fruits,and nuts.What type of vegetarian is Marcia?

A) a vegan-vegetarian
B) a lacto-vegetarian
C) a fruitarian
D) an ovo-vegetarian

Question 45

What is the recommended dietary reference intake (DRI)for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 193 cm tall and weighs 180 pounds?

A) 34 grams
B) 49 grams
C) 65 grams
D) 144 grams

Question 46

What part of the body absorbs single amino acids,dipeptides,and tripeptides?

A) large intestine
B) gallbladder
C) stomach
D) small intestine

Question 47

Which body protein helps to form bones and teeth?

A) insulin
B) collagen
C) enzymes
D) hemoglobin

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of complementary protein combinations?

A) oatmeal with brown sugar
B) rice and black-eyed peas
C) cucumber sandwich
D) pasta with cheese sauce

Question 49

Which of the following enzymes begins the process of chemical digestion of protein in the stomach?

A) ghrelin
B) hydrochloric acid
C) carboxypeptidase
D) pepsin

Question 50

Which of the following contains protein whose quality can be considered equivalent to that of meat?

A) alpha sprouts
B) soy
C) whole grains
D) bean sprouts

Question 51

Which of the following conditions is necessary for the synthesis of needed body protein and to prevent dietary protein from being wasted?

A) All essential amino acids need to be present in the proper amounts.
B) Dietary fat must be consumed in adequate quantities.
C) Dietary protein must be accompanied by only enough energy-yielding carbohydrate to permit the dietary protein to be used.
D) There must be at least 15 percent incomplete protein.

Question 52

What is the name for the condition in which protein and calories are severely insufficient?

A) amino acid deficiency
B) protein-energy malnutrition
C) malnourishment
D) protein malnutrition

Question 53

What is the name for the large globular protein molecule packed inside the red blood cells that carries oxygen?

A) homcysteine
B) oxydologen
C) transferritin
D) hemoglobin

Question 54

In North America,which of the following groups has a high rate of protein-energy malnutrition?

A) school children
B) AIDS patients
C) bulimics
D) dialysis patients

Question 55

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is an inherited disease which renders the body UNABLE to metabolize what amino acid?

A) phenylalanine
B) methiaonine
C) leucine
D) alanine

Question 56

Which of the following amino acids is responsible for the production of the brown pigment known as melanin?

A) proline
B) cysteine
C) tyrosine
D) glutamine

Question 57

Which of the following nutrients is typically lacking in a poorly-planned vegetarian diet?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) potassium
D) zinc

Question 58

Purified sources of protein cause what nutrient to be spilled from the urine?

A) calcium
B) sodium
C) phosphorous
D) magnesium

Question 59

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of marasmus?

A) Overeating results in bloating and edema.
B) The person is starving from total malnutrition.
C) The person suffers from a fatty liver.
D) The immune system is heightened,which does not allow for microbe attack.

Question 60

Bobby is a partial vegetarian,but he excludes poultry from his diet.What type of vegetarian is Bobby?

A) a pollo-vegetarian
B) an ovo-vegetarian
C) a lacto-vegetarian
D) a pesco-vegetarian

Question 61

If needed,protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose need of the brain.

Question 62

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition.

Question 63

Jane is a vegan who needs to increase the iron content of her diet.At breakfast,she eats cereal.What food can assist with the absorption of the iron from the cereal?

A) brown sugar
B) orange juice
C) wheat germ
D) yogurt

Question 64

According to the Vegetarian Food Guide Rainbow,which of the following constitutes one serving of cooked beans,peas,or lentils?

A) 1/2 cup (125 mL)
B) 1 cup (250 mL)
C) 1 1/2 cups (375 mL)
D) 2 cups (500 mL)

Question 65

Most people in Canada would find it next to impossible NOT to meet their protein requirements.

Question 66

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited variation in the amino acid sequence.

Question 67

Amino acid supplements are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Question 68

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of certain cancers than the general population.

Question 69

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

Question 70

The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers.

Question 71

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid,absorption of others of its type may be limited.

Question 72

Some foods are so high in acid that they are capable of making the acid in the stomach even stronger.

Question 73

Which of the following vitamins is provided by meat but is insufficient in plant-based diets?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin A
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin D

Question 74

Starvation always incurs wasting of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

Question 75

For the majority of exercisers,adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.

Question 76

What is the name for an infection of the digestive tract that causes diarrhea,which further depletes minerals from the body?

A) dysentry
B) dehydration
C) diphtheria
D) dyspepsia

Question 77

Predigested proteins are easier for the body to digest because they create less "digestive work."

Question 78

Children who follow a vegan diet may have slightly higher protein requirements than the dietary reference intakes (DRI)recommendations for the general meat-eating population.

Question 79

What type of vegetarian diet can result in malnutrition and even death?

A) macrobiotic diet
B) fruitarian diet
C) partial vegetarian diet
D) vegan diet

Question 80

Explain how proteins help to regulate the quantity of fluids in the compartments of the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.