Question 1

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus becomes diaphoretic and irritable during exercise. The blood glucose level at this time is 53 mg/dL. Which of the following should the client be instructed to do when this occurs?

A) Ingest 5 to 10 g of a simple carbohydrate.
B) Ingest 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
C) Ingest 15 to 25 g of a simple carbohydrate.
D) Call paramedics.

Accepted Answer

Ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets or juice, is recommended when a client with diabetes becomes hypoglycemic (blood glucose <70 mg/dL) during exercise. This amount of carbohydrate is enough to raise the blood glucose level quickly without causing it to spike too high. Ingesting too little carbohydrate may not raise the blood glucose level enough, while too much may cause hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level). Calling paramedics is not necessary at this time as the client is conscious and able to ingest a simple carbohydrate.

Question 2

An elderly client being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus begins to experience lethargy, weakness, and polyuria while recovering from cataract surgery. The nurse would suspect the client is developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome when which of the following is assessed? (Select all that apply.)

A) Blood glucose level 450 mg/dL
B) No ketones in the urine
C) Serum sodium 145 mEq/L
D) Serum osmolality 320 mOsm/kg
E) Blood pressure 120/68 mmHg
F) Heart rate 78 beats per minute

Blood glucose level 450 mg/dL
No ketones in the urine
Serum sodium 145 mEq/L
Serum osmolality 320 mOsm/kg

Accepted Answer

Lethargy, weakness, and polyuria are hallmark symptoms of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). HHNS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels (usually >600 mg/dL), no ketones in the urine, and high serum osmolality (>320 mOsm/kg). Additionally, hyperglycemia can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as hypernatremia (high serum sodium), which can contribute to the lethargy and weakness exhibited by the client. The normal blood pressure and heart rate are not relevant to the diagnosis of HHNS.

Question 3

A client is instructed to rotate the sites of insulin injections because it will help prevent:&#10;A) a decrease in absorption.&#10;B) an allergic reaction.&#10;C) lipodystrophy.&#10;D) skin breakdown.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rotating injection sites helps prevent lipodystrophy, which is the breakdown of subcutaneous fat tissue that can occur with repeated injections in the same area.

Question 4

The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus on activities to reduce the onset of macrovascular complications. Which of the following should the nurse include in these instructions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Attain a normal body weight
B) Stop smoking
C) Increase activity
D) Keep blood pressure under control
E) Decrease fat intake
F) Ingest alcohol every day

Accepted Answer

Attaining a normal body weight, stopping smoking, increasing physical activity, keeping blood pressure under control, and decreasing fat intake are all important activities to reduce the onset of macrovascular complications in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ingesting alcohol every day is not recommended and can actually increase the risk of complications.

Question 5

The nurse is instructing a client on the speed in which some insulins take effect. During these instructions, the nurse should include that which of the following insulins has the fastest peak?&#10;A) Glargine&#10;B) Lispro&#10;C) NPH&#10;D) Regular&#10;

Accepted Answer

Lispro insulin has a fast onset and peak, typically reaching peak effect within 30-90 minutes after administration. Glargine has a slower onset and NPH and regular insulin have intermediate onsets and peaks.

Question 6

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for symptoms associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely assess in this client? (Select all that apply.)

A) Dehydration
B) Fruity breath odor
C) Hypertension
D) Bradycardia
E) Kussmaul breathing
F) Abdominal pain

Accepted Answer

Dehydration, fruity breath odor, Kussmaul breathing, and abdominal pain are all symptoms commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. Hypertension and bradycardia are not typically seen in cases of DKA.

Question 7

The nurse should instruct a client that the length of time insulin can be stored at room temperature is:&#10;A) 2 weeks.&#10;B) 3 weeks.&#10;C) 4 weeks.&#10;D) 5 weeks.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Insulin can generally be stored at room temperature for about 4 weeks (28 days) without losing its effectiveness. This makes it more convenient for use, as keeping insulin at room temperature can help avoid the discomfort of cold injections.

Question 8

The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus on activities to reduce the onset of macrovascular complications. Which of the following should the nurse include in these instructions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Attain a normal body weight
B) Stop smoking
C) Increase activity
D) Keep blood pressure under control
E) Decrease fat intake
F) Ingest alcohol every day

Accepted Answer

Clients with diabetes should avoid using scissors to cut their toenails as it increases the risk of injury and infection. They should use nail clippers instead. The other statements show appropriate understanding of daily foot care for diabetes.

Question 9

A client is prescribed insulin to be given through an intravenous access line. The nurse realizes that which of the following insulins can be administered intravenously?&#10;A) Glargine&#10;B) Lispro&#10;C) NPH&#10;D) Regular&#10;

Accepted Answer

Regular insulin is the only type of insulin that can be administered intravenously.

Question 10

The nurse has instructed a client about type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements would indicate the client understands the instructions?&#10;A) &#34;It happens to everyone who has gained weight.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I have to watch what I eat and exercise.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I will never have to take insulin.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The cells that make insulin were destroyed.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects understanding of the need for lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, to control type 2 diabetes. Option A is incorrect because not everyone who gains weight will develop diabetes. Option C is incorrect because some individuals with type 2 diabetes may require insulin injections. Option D is incorrect because the cells that make insulin are present but may not be functioning properly in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

Which of the following should the nurse instruct a client when teaching how to self-administer insulin?&#10;A) The insulin bottle must be shaken.&#10;B) The long-acting insulin is clear.&#10;C) Refrigerated insulin is best for injection.&#10;D) The blood glucose level should be checked prior to administration.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following should the nurse...

Question 12

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus administers a dose of NPH insulin at 7:00 a.m. At which of the following times would this client exhibit hypoglycemia?&#10;A) 0800&#10;B) 0900&#10;C) 1000&#10;D) 1400&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes...

Question 13

A client should not be prescribed tolazamide if the client is sensitive to:&#10;A) penicillin.&#10;B) shellfish.&#10;C) strawberries.&#10;D) hypoglycemia&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client should not be prescribed tolazamide...

Question 14

The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus on activities to reduce the onset of macrovascular complications. Which of the following should the nurse include in these instructions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Attain a normal body weight
B) Stop smoking
C) Increase activity
D) Keep blood pressure under control
E) Decrease fat intake
F) Ingest alcohol every day

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed...

Question 15

A client is being evaluated for the diagnosis of gastroparesis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely assess in this client? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Constipation&#10;B) Gastroesophageal reflux&#10;C) Feelings of fullness&#10;D) Vomiting&#10;E) Nausea&#10;F) Anorexia&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is being evaluated for the...

Question 16

The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus on activities to reduce the onset of macrovascular complications. Which of the following should the nurse include in these instructions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Attain a normal body weight
B) Stop smoking
C) Increase activity
D) Keep blood pressure under control
E) Decrease fat intake
F) Ingest alcohol every day

Unlock Deck

Unlock for access to all 20 flashcards in this deck.

Unlock Deck

k this deck

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed...

Question 17

A client is diagnosed with the type of diabetes in which the plasma beta cells fail to respond to insulin. Which type of diabetes is this client experiencing?&#10;A) Gestational diabetes&#10;B) Impaired glucose tolerance&#10;C) Type 1 diabetes mellitus&#10;D) Type 2 diabetes mellitus&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is diagnosed with the type...

Question 18

A client is prescribed meglitinide as oral treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse instruct as a possible side effect of this medication?&#10;A) Diarrhea&#10;B) Constipation&#10;C) Flatulence&#10;D) Hunger&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is prescribed meglitinide as oral...

Question 19

When discussing exercise with a client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the client is correct in stating:&#10;A) &#34;I will exercise when I can.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I will exercise once a week for 30 minutes.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I will try to exercise every day.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I should exercise for at least 60 minutes when I exercise.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of When discussing exercise with a client diagnosed...

Question 20

The nurse is preparing short-acting and long-acting insulin for administration to a client. The purpose for the client's being prescribed these types of insulin would be to:&#10;A) make it easier for the client to self-administer the insulin.&#10;B) reduce the client's appetite.&#10;C) mimic the body's own insulin pattern.&#10;D) help reduce the client's body weight.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing short-acting and long-acting...

Deck 57: Diabetes Mellitus: Nursing Management