Deck 14: Late Medieval Italy

Question 1

Confraternities are ____ who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance.

A) political action groups
B) laypeople
C) protectors of the king
D) papal guards

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Elements of Giotto's new style that appear in the Madonna Enthroned include ____.

A) slender and fragile figures
B) heavily patterned drapery
C) statuesque figures that cast shadows
D) floating figures

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?

A) Rome
B) Padua
C) Siena
D) Pisa

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Italian admiration for classical art resurfaced at ____.

A) the Avignon papacy
B) the court of Frederick II
C) Pisa
D) the Florentine Academy

Question 5

In contrast to his father, Giovanni Pisano worked in a style derived from ____.

A) the formalism of Byzantine traditions
B) French Gothic art
C) classical antiquity
D) the medieval style

Question 6

Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral?

A) densely packed, large-scale figures on the panels
B) large rectangular relief panels
C) the figures have bulk and weight
D) trefoil (triple-curved) arches

Question 7

The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlinghieri's Saint Francis Altarpiece reveals the ____ roots of his style.

A) fundamentally medieval
B) classical
C) Byzantine
D) Platonic

Question 8

____ sought to reconcile the illusion of a weighty three-dimensional body and the illusion of space to contain it.

A) Duccio
B) Pietro Cavallini
C) Simone Martini
D) Giotto

Question 9

Simone Martini's rendition of Annunciation may have been inspired by ____.

A) the etiquette of chivalric courts
B) religious processions
C) mystery plays
D) public trials

Question 10

The artist ____ was instrumental in creating the International Gothic style.

A) Ambrogio Lorenzetti
B) Cimabue
C) Pietro Cavallini
D) Simone Martini

Question 11

The imagery of the Triumph of Death served as a warning against ____.

A) hermits
B) lust and greed
C) marriage
D) diseases

Question 12

Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano?

A) Siena
B) Florence
C) Pisa
D) Ferrara

Question 13

What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?

A) The importance of creative individuals
B) The importance of a superior government
C) The importance of strong leadership
D) The importance of a good university system

Question 14

____ was the leading Roman painter at the end of the 13th century.

A) Pietro Cavallini
B) Duccio di Buoninsegna
C) Giotto
D) Bonaventura Berlinghieri

Question 15

The facial types, beards, and coiffures of ____ figures reveal the influence of classical relief sculpture.

A) Nicola Pisano's
B) Giovanni Pisano's
C) Berlinghieri's
D) Pietro Cavallini's

Question 16

Historian Giovanni Villani wrote in the 14th century that this city was "the daughter and creature of Rome," suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following city-states does this phrase describe?

A) Pisa
B) Siena
C) Florence
D) Padua

Question 17

Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church?

A) Rome
B) Avignon
C) Florence
D) Paris

Question 18

In contrast to other monastic orders, the ____ lived and preached in urban environments.

A) Carthusian
B) Benedictine
C) Cistercian
D) Mendicant

Question 19

Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence?

A) Giotto
B) Pietro Cavallini
C) Orcagna (Andrea di Cione)
D) Arnolfo di Cambio

Question 20

The most devastating natural disaster in Europe that broke out in the 1340s was ____.

A) mad cow disease
B) the collapse of the linen market
C) the failure of the Medici banks
D) the Black Death

Question 21

How does the work of Simone Martini exemplify the International Gothic style?

Question 22

Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?

A) Giotto
B) Francesco Traini
C) Simone Martini
D) Nicola Pisano

Question 23

Describe how the facades of Italian cathedrals differed from those of French Gothic churches.

Question 24

Describe the significance of the mendicants with respect to church architecture.

Question 25

Which aspects of city halls, such as the Palazzo Pubblico, express the need for protection?

Question 26

In 1305, the College of Cardinals elected a pope from which of the following countries?

A) Poland
B) Spain
C) France
D) Italy

Question 27

How does Florence reflect the idea of the dominant city-state?

Question 28

One of Giotto's innovations that moved away from the Italo-Byzantine style was the introduction of ____.

A) gilded backgrounds
B) elaborately painted draperies
C) symmetrically arranged figures
D) figures seen from the back

Question 29

How did Holy Roman emperor Frederick II influence the sculptural traditional of Italy?

Question 30

Briefly describe humanism.

Question 31

How did artists sell their work during this period?

Question 32

Commissioned by the Sienese government, Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico address the ____.

A) guild feuds
B) the artist's position in society
C) the plague
D) civic concerns of the Sienese

Question 33

A familiar feature in French Gothic art, the loosely curved folds of the female saints in Duccio's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà) is a feature of ____ art.

A) French Gothic
B) Byzantine
C) Giotto's
D) classical

Question 34

How did Duccio deviate from the Byzantine style in the Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà)?

Question 35

Andrea Pisano's south doors for Florence's baptistery were commissioned by ____.

A) the guild of bronze workers
B) Enrico Scrovegni
C) the guild of wool importers
D) the Franciscans

Question 36

The ____ of Duccio's figures from the Maestà was/were derived from Byzantine art.

A) formality and symmetry
B) expressive movements
C) elaborate gestures
D) three-dimensionality

Question 37

Briefly describe the impact of the Black Death in Europe.

Question 38

How did the Antique past or the classical past impact the humanists of 14th-century Italy?

Question 39

The setting for Pietro Lorenzetti's Birth of the Virgin, which was a ____, represented an advance in worldly realism.

A) detailed interior of an upper-class house
B) panoramic landscape
C) church interior
D) ancient grotto

Question 40

The Roman fresco tradition can best be seen in the work of which of the following artists?

A) Cimabue
B) Cavallini
C) Duccio
D) Giotto

Question 41

How did Cimabue deviate from Byzantine conventions?

Question 42

Describe the connection between Ambrogio Lorenzetti's fresco cycle and its setting.

Question 43

How were Franciscan values and ideals communicated in art?

Question 44

What are the similarities of these two church facades?

Question 45

Describe the stylistic elements introduced by Giotto. Why was his work so important for the development of Renaissance painting? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 46

Which features of Giovanni Pisano's style were derived from the French Gothic?

Question 47

Why was the formal design of Giotto's Lamentation so successful?

Question 48

Contrast these two images. How are they different?

Question 49

Explain the sources and characteristics of the International style. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 50

Briefly describe the geographic and political situation of Italy during the 14th century.

Question 51

What was portrayed in Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes in Siena?

Question 52

Describe the various stylistic influences in 13th-century sculpture.

Question 53

What are the French Gothic influences seen on this door?

Question 54

What does the style of the architecture reveal about the nature of politics at the time?

Question 55

In what way does this work reflect liturgical theater?

Question 56

How did Italy's place as a distribution center for the great silk trade affect Duccio's Maestà?

Question 57

How does Giotto's Madonna Enthroned create sculptural solidity and weight?

Question 58

How did Duccio's style differ from the front image of the Maestà to the narratives on the reverse? Why are they treated differently?

Question 59

How did the study of Cicero and the Augustan age shape humanist values in 14th-century Italy?

Question 60

Explain the impact of the Black Death on Italy. How did it affect the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 61

Which aspects of this church highlight the appeal of the vocabulary of French Gothic art and architecture in Italy?

Question 62

How does Florence's cathedral differ from the Gothic in the north, and what influenced it?

Question 63

How do these two images reflect contemporary Italian society?

Question 64

Contrast these two images. How are they different?

Question 65

How do the artists reveal the subject matter in these two images?

Question 66

Which of these images was most strongly influenced by the art of Classical antiquity?