Deck 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines

Question 1

Physical signs of possible cocaine abuse include decreased irritability, feelings of euphoria, and increased ability to sleep.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Cocaine produces a sudden elevation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Chewing coca leaf is still widely practised in the Andean highlands of South America.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Long-term use of cocaine results in decreased sexual performance and loss of sexual desire.

Question 5

Formication hallucinations are components of cocaine psychosis.

Question 6

Increased snorting of cocaine can lead to small holes in the nasal septum.

Question 7

Coca-Cola still contains about 1% cocaine.

Question 8

The most successful commercial use of cocaine in the nineteenth century was a mixture of coca and wine.

Question 9

Sigmund Freud eventually gave up cocaine because he personally suffered the adverse side effects of chronic cocaine abuse.

Question 10

Snorting cocaine produces a quicker effect than does intravenous use of cocaine.

Question 11

After discovering the effects of cocaine, Freud distributed the drug to his friends and family.

Question 12

The popular beverage Coca-Cola contained cocaine in its formulation until 1903.

Question 13

Cocaine produces its stimulatory effects exclusively by the inhibition of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 14

The aftereffects of cocaine are uncomfortable enough to produce a powerful craving for another dose.

Question 15

Though Freud used both nicotine and cocaine, he only became dependent on cocaine.

Question 16

If cocaine is snorted through the nose, the effect lasts 15-30 minutes.

Question 17

Some cocaine abusers sense imaginary bugs crawling under their skin, forcing abusers to scratch their skin into open sores.

Question 18

Physical signs of possible cocaine abuse include irritability, paranoia, feelings of depression, and insomnia.

Question 19

No matter which method of administration is used, the effects of cocaine begin to wear off after 60 to 90 minutes.

Question 20

"Cocaine bugs" are never associated with symptoms of cocaine psychosis.

Question 21

Cocaine's only legitimate medical use is as a local anaesthetic.

Question 22

The kindling effect of cocaine is instrumental in setting off epileptic seizures.

Question 23

According to the text, heavy methamphetamine users may be predisposed to acquiring Parkinson's symptoms later in life.

Question 24

Amphetamine was used during WWII to keep soldiers alert during battles.

Question 25

Evidence indicates that chemical changes in the brain caused by chronic methamphetamine use can be somewhat reversed by abstaining from the drug for a minimum of one year.

Question 26

The acute effects of amphetamine resemble those of cocaine.

Question 27

Chronic cocaine abuse leads to the loss of 20% of dopamine receptors in the pleasure and reinforcement area of the brain.

Question 28

While superficially similar, cocaine and amphetamines actually produce very different acute effects.

Question 29

Crack cocaine is made by treating cocaine with baking soda, resulting in small rocks.

Question 30

Amphetamines stimulate the brain by elevating the levels of acetylcholine and endorphins.

Question 31

As a result of the kindling effect, deaths from cocaine overdose may occur from relatively low dose levels.

Question 32

d-amphetamine is stronger than L-amphetamine.

Question 33

The origin of modern amphetamines dates back to a Chinese herb called ma huang.

Question 34

Cocaine hydrochloride is a form of cocaine that is typically smoked.

Question 35

The Chinese emperor credited with having discovered the herbal basis for amphetamines is also credited with having discovered marijuana and tea.

Question 36

Amphetamines only increase the activity level of dopamine.

Question 37

Crack cocaine presents fewer hazards in its preparation than does free-base cocaine.

Question 38

Amphetamine psychosis does not involve the experience of formication hallucinations, while cocaine psychosis does.

Question 39

Amphetamine abuse in North America reached a peak around 1967.

Question 40

Crack cocaine arrived on the drug scene in the mid-1970s.

Question 41

Ice is a crystallized form of methamphetamine that can be smoked.

Question 42

It is possible that lowered norepinephrine levels play a role in ADHD.

Question 43

Amphetamine abusers are generally warned to stay away from seeking treatment in Cocaine Anonymous self-help groups, since the process of recovery is very different.

Question 44

Treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder decreases norepinephrine and dopamine activity in the brain.

Question 45

Cocaine abusers show greater impairments than methamphetamine abusers on tests of perceptual speed or manipulation of information.

Question 46

Methamphetamine abuse is associated with increased high-risk sexual behaviour among HIV-positive gay or bisexual men.

Question 47

When stimulant medications are taken during formative years, major side effects include suppression of height and weight gain, reducing growth to about 80 to 90% of normal levels.

Question 48

Medical applications of amphetamine-like drugs include narcolepsy and nasal congestion.

Question 49

ADHD is outgrown at the end of childhood and does not carry over into adulthood.

Question 50

When children are no longer taking stimulant medication (referred to as "drug holidays"), growth spurts usually occur in a normal fashion.

Question 51

The relapse rate of methamphetamine abuses is one of the highest for any category of drug abuse.

Question 52

Methamphetamine abuse in Canada is now concentrated among the wealthy.

Question 53

Crank is a slang-term for d-amphetamine.

Question 54

Methamphetamine abuse reemerged on the drug scene as crack cocaine and powder cocaine abuse began to diminish.

Question 55

The Precursor Control Regulations of 2003 successfully prevented the export of precursors like pseudoepinephrine to the United States.

Question 56

The drug Ritalin and the drug Adderall have been found to be equally effective in the treatment of ADHD.

Question 57

One ingredient in "homegrown" methamphetamine is pseudoepinephrine, found in numerous over-the-counter cold remedies.

Question 58

Canada was ranked one of the world's largest manufacturers of crystal methamphetamine in 2009.

Question 59

Children with ADHD are usually below average intelligence and tend to overperform academically.

Question 60

Diversion of ADHD medications by college students as a means of cognitive enhancement is a present-day concern.

Question 61

An average coca leaf contains about _____% cocaine.

A) 2
B) 60
C) 90
D) less than .001 (prior to processing into crack)

Question 62

Cocaethylene toxicity can result from a combination of __________.

A) cocaine and heroin
B) cocaine and alcohol
C) cocaine and nicotine
D) cocaine and amphetamines

Question 63

Cocaine and amphetamines are both classified as __________.

A) stimulants
B) depressants
C) drugs having both stimulant and depressant properties
D) drugs having stimulant properties similar to nicotine and caffeine

Question 64

_________ banned cocaine from patent medicines in Canada.

A) The Proprietary and Patent Medicine Act of 1908
B) Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
C) The Harrison Act of 1914
D) The Opium Act of 1908

Question 65

Freud decided to try pure cocaine because of __________.

A) a report about how cocaine helped German soldiers endure fatigue
B) drinking a Coca-Cola beverage
C) how pleased his friends were when using it
D) the positive effects Dr. Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow found when using cocaine to treat a painful illness

Question 66

The 1885 formulation of Coca-Cola by John Pemberton was similar to Vin Mariani, except for the fact that Coca-Cola did not have any ________ in it.

A) cocaine
B) soda water
C) caffeine
D) alcohol

Question 67

Why is it that coca chewing produces few instances of toxicity?

A) Little cocaine is distributed to the brain, since absorption from the digestive system is slow.
B) There is a chemical found in coca leaves, which dilutes the small amount of cocaine found in the leaves.
C) As coca leaves are chewed, the cocaine is absorbed through the cheek linings, bypassing absorption in the digestive tract.
D) Ingestion of coca products never results in toxic effects.

Question 68

Vin Mariani was __________.

A) a popular mixture of opium and wine
B) a popular mixture of opium and cocaine
C) a popular mixture of coca and wine
D) a famed Sicilian restaurateur of the nineteenth century

Question 69

De-cocainized flavour essence is a name for an ingredient in modern-day __________.

A) bazuco
B) crack cocaine
C) Vin Mariani
D) Coca-Cola

Question 70

Leaves of the coca shrub __________.

A) are the source of chocolate
B) are harvested in South America
C) are frequently added to tobacco in cigarettes
D) form the basis for modern-day amphetamines

Question 71

Care-Cola, Dope Cola, Kola Ade, and Wiseola were among several beverage products sold in the nineteenth century. An ingredient they all had in common was __________.

A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) marijuana
D) enormous levels of caffeine

Question 72

The experiences of Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow were an example of __________.

A) successful cocaine therapy
B) unsuccessful marketing of a coca-flavoured beverage
C) a severe cocaine-induced psychosis
D) unsuccessful treatment for depression

Question 73

Which drug or class of drugs is a substantially less powerful stimulant than cocaine?

A) d-amphetamine
B) Caffeine
C) Methamphetamine
D) none of the above

Question 74

Coca-leaf chewing does not result in widespread abuse because __________.

A) it is carried out with friends and family, only
B) the digestive system absorbs the cocaine too rapidly for there to be an effect
C) only adults are allowed to chew coca leaves
D) very low doses of cocaine are ingested

Question 75

Freud became dependent on which of the following drugs?

A) Nicotine
B) Cocaine
C) Heroin
D) both A and B

Question 76

Cocaethylene toxicity produces the following symptoms: __________.

A) greatly increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure
B) prolonged and enhanced euphoria relative to taking cocaine alone
C) an increased risk of immediate death
D) all of the above

Question 77

An early champion of cocaine use was __________.

A) Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Ernest Jones
D) Martha Freud

Question 78

A bazuco is a __________.

A) mixture of heroin and cocaine
B) mixture of cocaine paste and tobacco
C) mixture of raw coca leaves and kerosene
D) form of smoked cocaine similar to crack

Question 79

In 1903, Coca-Cola __________.

A) introduced pure cocaine into its cola ingredients
B) removed the alcohol from its cola ingredients
C) switched de-cocainized coca leaves into its ingredients
D) carbonated the beverage

Question 80

William Halsted studied __________.

A) the history of coca-leaf chewing in South America
B) the effect of cocaine as an anaesthetic
C) ways to avoid cocaine dependence
D) the formula for Coca-Cola and came up with Pepsi-Cola