Deck 5: Opioids: Opium, Heroin, and Opioid Pain Medications

Question 1

Morphine is an example of a natural component of opium.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The acceptable form of taking Sydenham's Laudanum in America and Europe was by smoking the opium.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Laudanum was very popular in Britain but largely unknown in the United States until about 1945.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Egyptians were knowledgeable about the medicinal value of opium.

Question 5

Heroin is about three times stronger than morphine.

Question 6

By 1900, opioid dependence was proportionately higher than it is today.

Question 7

Laudanum originated in Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age, about 1200 B.C.

Question 8

After the Civil War in the United States, opioid dependence in general was so widespread among returning veterans that the condition was often called the "soldier's disease."

Question 9

The term "narcotic" refers to any illicit psychoactive drug.

Question 10

The Sears Company advertised and sold products containing opium in the late 1800s.

Question 11

Laudanum is a form of opium that was typically smoked.

Question 12

The Opium War resulted from China's insistence in exporting opium to other countries of the world.

Question 13

The Opium Act of 1908 made Canada the first Western country to make opiates illegal.

Question 14

Morphine is approximately 10 times stronger than raw opium.

Question 15

China invented a novel form of opium use: opium smoking.

Question 16

Sydenham's Laudanum contained opium.

Question 17

During the nineteenth century, children and infants were given medications containing opium.

Question 18

Codeine is 10 times stronger than morphine.

Question 19

During the nineteenth century, opium smoking was viewed favourably while opium drinking was not.

Question 20

The yellow California poppy does not have any psychoactive ingredients.

Question 21

Diarrhea is one of the symptoms of heroin consumption.

Question 22

If the dose level is low, then tolerance effects will be more dramatic than if the dose level is high.

Question 23

Endorphins and naloxone share the same effects on morphine-sensitive receptors in the brain.

Question 24

An individual's first experience with heroin is one of extreme euphoria and a physiological state of calm.

Question 25

During the mid-1980s, synthetic forms of heroin, such as the drug derived from fentanyl, began to appear on the streets.

Question 26

The brain produces its own "opioid-like" substances called endorphins.

Question 27

The major source of heroin prior to 1973 was from "the Golden Triangle" region of Asia.

Question 28

Opioid antagonists block the effects of morphine.

Question 29

Naloxone only has an effect when morphine is already in the body.

Question 30

The Opium Act of 1908 eliminated the black market for opiates.

Question 31

Morphine-sensitive receptors exist in the brain.

Question 32

Naloxone is a pure antagonist to morphine in the brain.

Question 33

"Black tar" is the name given to a type of Colombian heroin.

Question 34

Mainlining is a term that refers to snorting heroin.

Question 35

Long-term constipation is an effect of heroin use.

Question 36

Physiological changes in the body during heroin use include a release of histamine in the bloodstream, respiratory depression, and increased blood pressure.

Question 37

Long-term heroin abuse can result in strong conditioned-learning effects having to do with the social setting where the heroin was used.

Question 38

Heroin withdrawal symptoms are often fatal.

Question 39

The "French Connection" refers to the manufacture and distribution of heroin in the south of France during the 1970s.

Question 40

Chemical modifications of fentanyl known as "China White" were approximately from three to five times (never more than ten times) stronger than heroin.

Question 41

Loperamide (brand name: Imodium) effectively controls diarrhea symptoms but does not produce psychoactive effects because the drug cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.

Question 42

Methadone maintenance programs help all heroin abusers.

Question 43

OxyContin was originally thought to be safe from potential abuse.

Question 44

Heroin is available for medical use in Canada.

Question 45

Chipping is a term referring to the practice of controlled or paced heroin intake.

Question 46

Inhaling heated heroin vapours is associated with the development of neurological disease.

Question 47

Many argue that methadone maintenance programs substitute one addiction for another.

Question 48

OxyContin taken orally is just as powerful as OxyContin that is crushed into a powder and snorted.

Question 49

Methadone treatment must be administered in a drug treatment centre.

Question 50

"Cold turkey" refers to the onset of chills during heroin withdrawal.

Question 51

If a heroin user takes his regular dose of heroin in an unfamiliar setting, the effect on the user may be different than if he took it in his regular setting.

Question 52

"Needle freaks" often inject needles into their skin and experience heroin-like effects even if no heroin is present.

Question 53

Dextromethorphan is a narcotic drug used for antitussive purposes.

Question 54

From a long-term perspective, compared to other drugs, heroin is relatively nontoxic.

Question 55

The process of controlled, medically supervised heroin withdrawal is called detoxification.

Question 56

Therapeutic communities treat the physical addiction to heroin and little else.

Question 57

Heroin is a Schedule III drug.

Question 58

Methadone blocks the abuser's craving to get high.

Question 59

LAAM is a synthetic opioid that has a longer duration than methadone.

Question 60

Heroin can only be administered intravenously.

Question 61

Opium use dates back to __________.

A) the third century B.C.E.
B) the second century C.E.
C) 1200 B.C.E. or earlier
D) the late nineteenth century

Question 62

In terms of their psychoactive properties, narcotics include which of the following drug(s)?

A) Morphine
B) Cocaine
C) Opioids in general
D) Both morphine and opioids in general

Question 63

The word "analgesic" means __________.

A) pain-reducing
B) pain-inducing
C) sleep-inducing
D) dream-inducing

Question 64

Which country is NOT prominent in the world harvesting of opium?

A) Finland
B) Myanmar (formerly Burma)
C) Afghanistan
D) Mexico

Question 65

Morphine, codeine, and thebaine are all natural components of __________.

A) heroin
B) CNS depressants
C) opium
D) coca leaves

Question 66

Which poppy flower yields opium?

A) Opium poppy
B) Yellow California poppy
C) Red oriental poppy
D) White oriental poppy

Question 67

OxyContin is no longer available for medical use in Canada.

Question 68

Opium is harvested by __________.

A) tapping into the trunk of the opium poppy tree during the springtime
B) incising the seed capsule of the poppy, allowing a white juice to ooze out
C) grinding up large poppy leaves into a powder
D) pressing opium poppy petals into a thick paste

Question 69

In 2012, OxyContin was withdrawn from the market in Canada due to its high potential for abuse.

Question 70

The term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word meaning __________.

A) stupor
B) painlessness
C) illegal
D) governmental

Question 71

Most drug users obtain prescription painkillers for abuse through diversion.

Question 72

At one time, which one of the following drugs was inappropriately classified as a narcotic?

A) codeine
B) cocaine
C) thebaine
D) synthetic opioids

Question 73

Narcotics are defined as __________.

A) any illicit psychoactive drug
B) any drug that causes some degree of dependence
C) drugs that produce a dream-like effect
D) both A and B

Question 74

Natural components of opium are usually categorized as __________.

A) synthetic opioids
B) opium extracts
C) thebaine derivatives
D) variations of heroin

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a class of opioids?

A) Synthetic opioids
B) Opiate derivatives
C) Endogenous opiates
D) Morphine derivatives

Question 76

An early Greek physician named Claudius Galen __________.

A) was an outspoken opponent of opium abuse
B) was strangely uninformed with respect to the medical benefits of opium
C) gave only limited approval of opium's benefits
D) prescribed opium for practically everything

Question 77

All four categories of narcotic drugs share which following common feature?

A) An extreme level of dependence
B) A chemical similarity to morphine or its derivatives
C) They each represent an illicit street drug.
D) An ability to produce analgesia

Question 78

In the 1500s, a medicinal drink was introduced containing opium, wine, and an assortment of spices. This drink became known as __________.

A) heroin
B) Paracelsus
C) duananum
D) laudanum

Question 79

Synthetic opioids __________.

A) are chemically related to morphine
B) produce behavioural effects that are different from effects produced by opioids
C) are opioid-like in their actions
D) have no potential for abuse

Question 80

Opium poppies are NOT __________.

A) white
B) pink
C) yellow
D) purple