Deck 1: Cytoplasm

Question 1

A patient who had surgery for ovarian cancer is placed on a combination of cisplatin and taxol therapy. Taxol is an antimitotic agent that

A) affects microfilaments
B) affects intermediate filaments
C) has defective dynein
D) prevents the polymerization of microtubules
E) stabilizes microtubules

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Dynein arms are always attached to one of the following. Which one is that structure?

A) central sheet
B) singlets
C) subunit A
D) subunit B
E) radial spoke

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A two-week-old infant was seen by her pediatrician because of blistering of the fingers and the back of her hands. The blisters were quite large and the results of the biopsy indicated that blistering occurred in the basal layer of the epidermis. The diagnosis was epidermolysis bullosa simplex. This disease is caused by mutations in the

A) tubulins
B) neurofilaments
C) G actins
D) keratins
E) chondroitins

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The component of the erythrocyte cell membrane that is the most essential in maintaining its biconcave disc shape is

A) glycophorin
B) spectrin
C) ankyrin
D) actin
E) band 3 protein

Question 5

A six-month-old baby boy, when seen by his pediatrician,, exhibits an enlarged tongue and an enlarged liver. Additionally, the baby has problems with swallowing. The pediatrician should suspect that the child is suffering from

A) cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) disorder
B) Pompe's disease
C) McArdle's syndrome
D) Tay-Sachs disease
E) Tarui's disease

Question 6

Which of the following refers to cadherins?

A) they are peripheral proteins
B) they are associated with cell-cell adhesion
C) they are associated with adherence to the basal lamina
D) they have binding sites for heparin sulfate
E) they are associated with hemidesmosomes

Question 7

A 20-year-old male seeking help from his ophthalmologist presents with deteriorating vision in both eyes, especially his central vision. The patient also evidences cardiac dysrythmia and an apparent demyelination of the optic nerve. The ophthalmologist suspects Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, a condition caused by a point mutation that is not X-linked but is transmitted only by females. This condition is due to problems with which of the following?

A) lysosomes
B) early endosomes
C) late endosomes
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisomes

Question 8

Early in the morning, a male patient sees his physician because he and his wife have been trying to start a family. According to the patient, his wife was told that she is able to become pregnant, and he wants to have the physician check him for sterility. The physician notices that the patient has a heavy cough. Upon questioning, the patient reveals that he also coughs in the evening, produces a lot of sputum, and has had numerous colds and even occasional pneumonia. The doctor asks for a sperm sample but already is thinking of a possible diagnosis of Kartagener's syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects

A) a number of keratins
B) microtubule-associated proteins
C) thick filaments
C) thin filaments
D) intermediate filaments

Question 9

A 77-year-old female is having problems sleeping, and her physician prescribed flurazepam, a sleep aid. The patient reports that she feels "groggy" for about 2 days after having taken the drug. Flurazepam is

A) destroyed by the acidic conditions in the stomach
B) inactivated by pepsin in the stomach
C) denatured by trypsin in the duodenum
D) inactivated by the P-450 enzyme system of the liver
E) destroyed by proteasomes in the jejunum

Question 10

Patients with sickle cell anemia possess hemoglobin-s, a mutated form of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin-s is

A) synthesized on free ribosomes
B) synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) modified in the Golgi apparatus
D) packaged in the trans Golgi network
E) stored in condensing vesicles

Question 11

A 9-month-old female Jewish baby, whose parents were born in Poland, is seen by her pediatrician because of neurologic problems, including generalized paralysis and blindness. The pediatrician should suspect that the child is suffering from

A) spina bifida
B) cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) disorder
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Fabry's disease
E) Refsum's disease

Question 12

A patient suffering from asthma has difficulty breathing and is treated with albuterol and ipratropium, drugs that relax bronchiolar smooth muscles. Ipratropium acts as a(n)

A) cholinergic receptor antagonist
B) cholinergic receptor antagonist
C) adrenergic receptor antagonist
D) adrenergic receptor agonist
E) inhibitor of kinase phosphorylases

Question 13

In Fig. Img_001, the region at the arrow tip is the place where

A) assembly of the small subunit of ribosomes occurs
B) synthesis of proteins for the large ribosomal subunit occurs
C) degradation of tRNA occurs
D) amino acids are coupled to tRNA
E) mRNA synthesis occurs

Question 14

Acid hydrolases are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and are delivered to the Golgi complex to be packaged and distributed to their final destination. In patients whose protooncogenes have mutated to form ras protein-related products known as ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), this factor may interfere with

A) coatomer II (COP II) synthesis
B) coatomer II (COP II) assembly
C) coatomer II (COP II) dissociation from vesicles
D) clathrin synthesis
E) clathrin assembly

Question 15

A neonatal baby boy is observed to have malformed hands, feet, and skull. Additional examination displays jaundice, hepatomegaly, and hypotonic muscles with psychomotor retardation. The pediatrician diagnoses the disorder as cerebrohepatorenal syndrome (Zellweger's syndrome). This condition is due to problems with which of the following organelles?

A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) early endosomes
D) late endosomes
E) peroxisomes

Question 16

A patient with lymphoma that involves his small intestines is treated with a various chemotherapeutic agents, including vincristine. This antimitotic substance acts on

A) α-actinin
B) dynein
C) tubulin
D) myosin I
E) actin

Question 17

A 55-year-old patient was placed on tetracycline therapy and a week later returns to the physician, indicating that the antibiotic did not alleviate his symptoms. During their conversation the physician determines that the patient took the tetracycline capsules with milk. Which of the following components of milk interfered with theaction of the drug?

A) calcium
B) lipid
C) sodium
D) rennin
E) potassium

Question 18

A patient with Kartagener's syndrome has a genetic disorder that is known to

A) affect microfilaments
B) affect intermediate filaments
C) have defective dynein
D) have defective kinesin
E) have defective α-tubulin

Question 19

A patient suffering from asthma has difficulty breathing and is treated with albuterol, a drug that relaxes bronchiolar smooth muscles. Albuterol acts as a(n)

A) cholinergic receptor antagonist
B) cholinergic receptor antagonist
C) adrenergic receptor antagonist
D) adrenergic receptor agonist
E) inhibitor of kinase phosphorylases

Question 20

The fluidity of the plasmalemma has well-established clinical significance. Which of the following molecules decreases the cell membrane fluidity?

A) glycerol
B) phosphate group
C) cholesterol
D) integral proteins
E) peripheral proteins

Question 21

In Fig. Img_004, the structure at the tip of the arrow is responsible for which of the following?

A) synthesis of ATP
B) assembly of microtubules
C) assembly of neurofilaments
D) synthesis of lysosomal proteins
E) assembly of neurotubules

Question 22

Integrins are associated with which of the following structures?

A) zonula occludens
B) zonula adherens
C) fascia occludens
D) desmosomes
E) hemidesmosomes

Question 23

In Fig. Img_002, the collecting tubule of the kidney, water enters the lumen via

A) pinocytosis
B) endocytosis
C) aquaporins
D) ion channels
E) carrier proteins

Question 24

A patient who is unable to metabolize long-chain fatty acids has problems involving her

A) early endosomes
B) late endosomes
C) lysosomes
D) peroxisomes
E) proteasomes