Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social nonconformity" to define abnormal behavior?

A)Norms are entirely subjective from person to person.
B)Societies generally accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C)The acceptability of a behavior might be different from one setting to another.
D)Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

Answer 1

The acceptability of a behavior might be different from one setting to another.

Question 2

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is published by:

A)The American Psychological Association
B)The American Psychiatric Association
C)The American Medical Association
D)The International Consortium for Mental Health

Answer 2

The American Psychological Association

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?

A)It describes symptoms of several hundred specific psychological diagnoses.
B)It lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a list of criteria that must be met for each diagnosis.
C)It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

Answer 3

It describes symptoms of several hundred specific psychological diagnoses.

Question 4

Which criterion would designate as abnormal a person who never talks to other people?

A)dysfunctional
B)statistical rarity
C)subjective discomfort
D)malnutrition

Question 5

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety.Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks,she does not leave her house.This makes her feel trapped in her home,which creates distress.Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A)statistical rarity
B)personal distress
C)situational context
D)social noncompliance

Question 6

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to ________.

A)help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C)help mental health professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D)describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 7

Whenever Greta thinks about the problems in her life,she automatically bursts into tears.This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A)personal distress
B)defensiveness
C)denial
D)disability

Question 8

The social or environmental setting in which a person's behavior occurs is referred to as _________.

A)the sociocultural context
B)historical context
C)cohort effect
D)societal norms

Question 9

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A)behavior that is statistically rare
B)behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C)behavior that does not create distress
D)behavior that is adaptive

Question 10

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________.

A)personal distress
B)social deviance
C)statistical rarity
D)situational context

Question 11

The _______ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B)Physician's Desk Reference
C)Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D)Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 12

DSM stands for:

A)Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.
B)Deviance and Sadism Manual.
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
D)Developmental Sickness Model.

Question 13

The most recent version of the DSM is the ________.

A)DSM-5
B)DSM-IV-TR
C)DSM-IV
D)DSM-III-R

Question 14

Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client.Dr.Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B)Physician's Desk Reference
C)Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D)Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 15

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client.The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time.In addition,he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal.Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal?

A)statistical rarity
B)sociocultural context
C)personal distress
D)social nonconformity

Question 16

Nicholas is a man who the local college students all think of as eccentric.Each day he stands on campus,smiling at people as they walk by,and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good Luck!" In fact,the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute,but Nicholas never asks for anything.Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy?

A)inability to function normally
B)social nonconformity
C)subjective discomfort
D)maladaptiveness

Question 17

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual,Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual,his behavior would best illustrate ________.

A)psychosis
B)distress
C)disability
D)statistical rarity

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of personal distress?

A)hearing voices that no one else can hear
B)worrying about everything most of the time
C)feeling that one is better than everyone else
D)deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught

Question 19

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?

A)social discomfort
B)cultural mores
C)social context
D)cultural relativism

Question 20

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,violates the expectations of their cultural surroundings,and fails to conform to social rules of normality may be called ___________.

A)a psychological disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior

Question 21

In any given month,about ______ percent of adults in the United States report serious psychological distress.

A)1
B)3
C)8
D)14

Question 22

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)major depressive disorder
C)substance-abuse disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 23

The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of _________.

A)Freud
B)Perls
C)Rogers
D)Skinner

Question 24

The disorder or cultural syndrome in which men fear that their penis is retracting into their body is primarily found in which area(s)?

A)Subarctic Eskimo communities
B)Great Britain
C)Latvia and Estonia
D)Southeast Asia

Question 25

Regarding the frequency with which psychological disorders occur,your authors note that about ________ of all Americans will have symptoms severe enough to meet the criteria for a diagnosis at some point in their lives.

A)ten percent
B)one-quarter
C)one-half
D)two-thirds

Question 26

According to the behaviorists,disordered behavior is a result of _____________.

A)repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B)a set of learned responses
C)illogical thinking patterns
D)chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 27

Psychoanalysis holds that abnormal behavior is the result of __________.

A)learning
B)unconscious conflicts
C)biology
D)biochemical imbalances

Question 28

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety.Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance.Her psychiatrist is using the __________ model of abnormality.

A)psychoanalytic
B)intrapersonal
C)biological
D)behavioral

Question 29

Which of the following cultural disorders is most commonly seen in Latin America?

A)ataque de nervios
B)koro
C)anorexia nervosa
D)amok

Question 30

____________ is a term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture and setting in which a person's behavior takes place.

A)Cultural relativism
B)Social context
C)Situational context
D)Situational relativity

Question 31

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from _____________.

A)distorted thought patterns
B)repressed memories
C)underlying behavioral issues
D)physiological causes

Question 32

What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?

A)restricted syndromes
B)naturalistic syndromes
C)sociocultural disorders
D)cultural syndromes

Question 33

The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety,depression,and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances,faulty genes,abnormal brain structures,or some combination of those causes.

A)biological
B)psychodynamic
C)naturalistic
D)cognitive-behavioral

Question 34

According to a study conducted by three different research institutions in 2012,people who carry only one copy of the gene ________ experience significantly greater feelings of happiness.

A)phenyl ketonone (PKO)
B)ethylene diamine tetra-acetone (EDTA)
C)monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)
D)acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)

Question 35

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism.The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed,unresolved,internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood.This view is typical of which of the following models of abnormality?

A)biological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychoanalytic

Question 36

Which of the following statements might someone with a biological perspective make about schizophrenia?

A)It is a severe breakdown of the ego as a result of a disturbed relationship between mother and child.
B)Its symptoms are shaped by the processes of reinforcement and extinction.
C)Its symptoms,such as irrational beliefs,are a severe form of illogical thinking.
D)It is caused by genetics,chemical influences,and brain structural defects.

Question 37

Which statement is correct concerning the cultural components of eating disorders?

A)Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are only found in Western,high-socioeconomic cultures.
B)African American women rarely,if ever,suffer from eating disorders.
C)Until recently,eating disorders were almost exclusive to Western cultures.
D)Chinese women never report suffering from anorexia.

Question 38

In a multi-institutional study of happiness,researchers found that the gene monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)was associated with significantly greater feelings of happiness,but this effect was found only among ________.

A)women
B)those with Down syndrome
C)children
D)men

Question 39

Keenan has been diagnosed with both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.What word is used to refer to a situation like this where more than one psychological disorder is experienced at the same time?

A)correlative neuroses
B)duel psychosis
C)dual diagnosis
D)comorbidity

Question 40

What is the name of the cultural syndrome that involves a period of sudden rage and,in some cases,homicidal aggression?

A)taijin-kyofu-sho
B)ghost sickness
C)amok
D)susto

Question 41

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thoughts and beliefs?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)biological

Question 42

The ________ model(s)of mental illness probably does the best job of honoring the contributions of both nature and nurture to psychological disorders.

A)diathesis neurological
B)stress-vulnerability
C)tertiary prevention
D)prevention-postvention

Question 43

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)biological

Question 44

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client.Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A)learned behaviors of depression
B)unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C)distorted thinking about life events
D)a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 45

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client.Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A)learned behaviors associated with depression
B)unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C)negative interpretations of life events
D)a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 46

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding schizophrenia?

A)It is the same thing as split personality.
B)It is the same thing as multiple personality disorder.
C)It is the same thing as dissociative identity disorder.
D)It is a type of psychotic disorder.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a symptom that you would be likely to see in a person who suffers from Tourette's disorder?

A)involuntary barking or yelping
B)speaking the words of one's sentence in a mixed-up or jumbled order
C)the echoing of things that one has just said,or echoing the words uttered by other people
D)blurting out of obscenities

Question 48

You are attending a presentation by a psychologist who focuses on the evaluation and diagnoses of mental illnesses."People suffer from psychological problems when they are socially or emotionally immature,or when the stress of life becomes overwhelming to them." Clearly this psychologist is a believer in the ________ model.

A)existential
B)humanistic
C)Gestalt
D)personological

Question 49

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as ______.

A)delusions
B)hallucinations
C)obsessions
D)compulsions

Question 50

A person who is suffering from disordered thinking,bizarre behavior,and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from _______.

A)schizophrenia
B)bipolar disorder
C)a dissociative disorder
D)passive-aggressive personality

Question 51

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face.As a result of this experience,Linda learned to be afraid of cats.Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)sociocultural
D)psychoanalytic

Question 52

One of the most problematic of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)is __________.

A)autism spectrum disorder
B)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C)histrionic personality disorder
D)Tourette's disorder

Question 53

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)clearly identifiable symptoms
B)absences or deficits in normally expected behaviors.
C)added behaviors not seen in healthy people
D)symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

Question 54

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking,bizarre behavior,and hallucinations.This person is probably suffering from ___________.

A)schizophrenia
B)bipolar disorder
C)a dissociative disorder
D)passive-aggressive personality

Question 55

A hospital patient was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia because she was having both delusions and hallucinations.What type of symptoms are these?

A)atypical
B)positive
C)negative
D)a mix of positive and negative

Question 56

The __________ takes the perspective that disorders can be explained in terms of larger societal factors that apply to groups of people.

A)existential model
B)stress-vulnerability model
C)sociocultural viewpoint
D)humanistic model

Question 57

According to some estimates,approximately one in every ______ children born in the United States will develop an autism spectrum disorder.

A)13
B)75
C)110
D)250

Question 58

Tommy is a seven-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder.Which of the following would NOT be typical for him?

A)He has difficulty with language skills.
B)He enjoys playing with his older brother.
C)He isn't interested in playing with anything except his Tickle-Me-Elmo toy.
D)His symptoms first showed up when he was 8 months old.

Question 59

Asperger's syndrome is one of a group of conditions that is called __________.

A)autism spectrum disorders
B)disintegrative disorders
C)histrionic personality
D)personality disorders

Question 60

The defining feature of Tourette's disorder is:

A)the presence of vocal or motor tics.
B)an irresistible urge to steal objects that are not needed.
C)an irresistible urge to set fires just for the joy of seeing them burn.
D)an unusual lack of interest in relationships with other people.

Question 61

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep.In addition,she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once.Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

A)a manic episode
B)a dysthymic episode
C)a loss of mental control
D)a psychotic break

Question 62

Shreen is diagnosed with schizophrenia.She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world.Shreen is experiencing __________.

A)a hallucination
B)a delusion
C)a neologism
D)perseveration

Question 63

Disorders characterized by disruptions in mood are known as ______ disorders.

A)conversion
B)somatoform
C)depressive
D)dissociative

Question 64

Emily hears the television talking to her even when it is not turned on.It tells her the police are out to get her.Because Emily has schizophrenia,she is mostly experiencing a(n)________.

A)echolalia
B)flat affect
C)evolution
D)hallucination

Question 65

A person who suffers from bipolar I disorder typically alternates between periods of ________.

A)anxiety and mania
B)depression and manic episodes
C)mania and schizophrenia
D)depression and schizophrenia

Question 66

Which of the following best describes dysthymia?

A)a mild,chronic form of depression
B)a severe,intermittent form of depression
C)a form of depression that affects biological functions such as appetite
D)a form of depression that is very responsive to electroconvulsive therapy

Question 67

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ______.

A)delusions
B)hallucinations
C)obsessions
D)compulsions

Question 68

A less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder is called ________.

A)cyclothymic disorder
B)dysthymia
C)seasonal affective disorder
D)hypomanic II disorder

Question 69

Jennifer has recently died in a car accident,and her medical file indicates that she has been diagnosed with schizophrenia for the past 13 years.Upon autopsy,which finding is the most likely?

A)atrophy of the Islets of Langerhans in her pancreas
B)calcifications in her liver
C)a decreased level of acetylcholine in her limbic system
D)enlarged ventricles in her brain

Question 70

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depression?

A)depressed mood that comes and goes frequently
B)feelings of worthlessness
C)heightened interest in sexual activity
D)an enhanced sense of creativity

Question 71

When a patient arrives in the emergency room,he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech.The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation.The next day the symptoms are the same and blood tests are negative for drugs.What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis?

A)mania
B)dissociative fugue
C)conversion disorder
D)catatonic schizophrenia

Question 72

Dee Dee has a problem with one of the neurotransmitter systems in his brain,and the result is that he suffers from schizophrenia.Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely to be the problematic system?

A)glutamate
B)epinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 73

The language distortion that involves meaningless and disordered communication that is indicative of advanced schizophrenia is called ______________.

A)perseveration
B)tangentiality
C)word salad
D)echolalia

Question 74

Which pair consists of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)social withdrawal and alogia
B)blunted affect and delusions
C)abolition and hallucinations
D)delusions and hallucinations

Question 75

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear,and he sees demons attacking him,though no one else could see anything near him.Nick's symptoms are known as ______.

A)delusions
B)hallucinations
C)obsessions
D)compulsions

Question 76

Which of the following is a legitimate hypothesis that explains why the rate of depression appears to be twice as high for women as compared to men across various cultures?

A)Women seek treatment more often than men.
B)Women appear to have excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter that plays a key role in depression.
C)The increased divorce rate has been more traumatic to how women view themselves and their purpose in life.
D)Men express the symptoms of depression differently than women

Question 77

Gigi,who has schizophrenia,believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world.Her belief is an example of a(n)________.

A)phobia
B)delusion
C)alogia
D)hallucination

Question 78

While doing volunteer work at a mental hospital,Mary is put on a ward for adults with severe mental disorders.One patient remains in the same position for hours at a time and never talks.The doctors tell Mary this patient suffers from ______.

A)catatonic frenzy
B)catatonic stupor
C)aphasia
D)echopraxia

Question 79

With ________ disorder,a person must have experienced a current or past episode of depression as well as current or past episodes of elevated mood.

A)Bipolar I
B)cyclothymic
C)Bipolar II
D)Affective lability

Question 80

The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ______.

A)thought
B)mood
C)behavior
D)intuition