Deck 12: Section 3: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force
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Deck 12: Section 3: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force
1
Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?
A) valences
B) reinforcement
C) referents
D) instrumentality
E) expectancy
A) valences
B) reinforcement
C) referents
D) instrumentality
E) expectancy
C
2
Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:
A) goal congruity
B) goal commitment
C) goal valence
D) goal expectancy
E) groupthink
A) goal congruity
B) goal commitment
C) goal valence
D) goal expectancy
E) groupthink
goal commitment
3
In a(n)_______ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.
A) continuous
B) intermittent
C) variable interval
D) fixed ratio
E) variable ratio
A) continuous
B) intermittent
C) variable interval
D) fixed ratio
E) variable ratio
continuous
4
Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?
A) Feedback should not be specific.
B) Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, and generalized.
C) Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be motivational.
D) Goals can energize behavior.
E) None of the above statements about goal-setting theory is true.
A) Feedback should not be specific.
B) Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, and generalized.
C) Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be motivational.
D) Goals can energize behavior.
E) None of the above statements about goal-setting theory is true.
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5
In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.
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6
According to the expectancy theory, _______affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.
A) equity, value-added, and instrumentality
B) valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
C) expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality
D) instrumentality, equity, and expectancy
E) expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
Affect the conscious choices that people make about their
A) equity, value-added, and instrumentality
B) valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
C) expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality
D) instrumentality, equity, and expectancy
E) expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
Affect the conscious choices that people make about their
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7
To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can
A) assign specific, challenging goals
B) make all rewards equal in value
C) avoid overreward and underreward
D) avoid the use of empowerment
E) systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs
A) assign specific, challenging goals
B) make all rewards equal in value
C) avoid overreward and underreward
D) avoid the use of empowerment
E) systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs
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8
On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:
A) tangible and intangible needs
B) physiological and psychological needs
C) higher-order and lower-order needs
D) extrinsic and intrinsic needs
E) realized and unrealized needs
A) tangible and intangible needs
B) physiological and psychological needs
C) higher-order and lower-order needs
D) extrinsic and intrinsic needs
E) realized and unrealized needs
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9
The primary ways for creating reinforcement contingencies in organizations are:
A) extrinsic rewards and the schedules of reinforcement
B) extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
C) perceptions of equity and reward desirability
D) situational motivators
E) higher-order needs and organizational structure
A) extrinsic rewards and the schedules of reinforcement
B) extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
C) perceptions of equity and reward desirability
D) situational motivators
E) higher-order needs and organizational structure
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10
Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.
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11
Punishment is also called avoidance learning.
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12
_______strengthen behavior (i.e., increase its frequency).
A) Positive and negative reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement and extinction
C) Positive reinforcement and extinction
D) Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment
E) Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
A) Positive and negative reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement and extinction
C) Positive reinforcement and extinction
D) Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment
E) Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
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