Deck 9: A: Stress and Health

Question 1

_________ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors.

A)Acute stress
B)Eustress
C)Distress
D)Catastrophic stress

Answer 1

Distress

Question 2

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)measures stress related to _________.

A)positive and negative life events
B)only negative life events
C)only positive life events
D)internal stressors

Answer 2

positive and negative life events

Question 3

Which of the following are considered mental symptoms of stress?

A)sleeping irregularity,frequent colds,anger
B)depression,fear,irritability
C)difficulty making decisions,loss of sense of humor,difficulty concentrating
D)chest pains,nausea,memory loss

Answer 3

difficulty making decisions,loss of sense of humor,difficulty concentrating

Question 4

_____________ psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between physical activities,psychological traits,and social relationships and overall health and rates of illness.

A)Physiological
B)Developmental
C)Health
D)Medicinal

Question 5

Which of the following are considered emotional,as opposed to mental,symptoms of stress?

A)sleeping irregularity,frequent colds,nausea
B)depression,fear,anger
C)difficulty making decisions,loss of sense of humor,difficulty concentrating on tasks
D)eating too much,smoking or drinking more than usual,hitting people,or throwing things

Question 6

According to Holmes and Rahe,a person who scores over 300 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than are people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future?

A)more frequent changes of job
B)a divorce
C)commission of a crime
D)a higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident

Question 7

Ali,a war veteran,has had nightmares,flashbacks,and anxiety attacks for the past three years.Ali is most likely suffering from _______________.

A)acute stress disorder
B)external locus of control
C)catastrophic stress
D)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 8

Kirima has her doctorate in health psychology.Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate?

A)Why are college students more prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes?
B)What is the relationship between one's ethnicity and their political affiliation?
C)Are men or women better drivers?
D)What is the relationship between a person's age and the number of years it takes them to get an undergraduate degree?

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the research on post-traumatic stress disorder?

A)Women seem to be more vulnerable than men.
B)Men seem to be more vulnerable than women.
C)Likelihood of the disorder increases if the traumatic experience took place before a woman was 15 years old.
D)Children suffer from PTSD,but their symptoms are different than those of adults.

Question 10

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as _____________.

A)hassles
B)catastrophies
C)eustresses
D)stressors

Question 11

Linda's house was flooded in a hurricane.Upon losing her home,she had nightmares,disturbed sleep,and anxiety that lasted about two weeks.Linda most likely suffered from ______________.

A)acute stress disorder
B)external locus of control
C)catastrophic stress
D)post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 12

_________ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being.

A)Acute stress
B)Eustress
C)Distress
D)Catastrophic stress

Question 13

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)to measure change due to_________.

A)natural disasters
B)major life events
C)social difficulties
D)negative life events

Question 14

An assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life events over one year is called the __________.

A)secondary appraisal
B)primary appraisal
C)Social Readjustment Rating Scale
D)College Undergraduate Stress Scale

Question 15

_________ is the term used to describe the physical,emotional,cognitive,and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

A)Stress
B)Burnout
C)Dysphoria
D)Distress

Question 16

Which of the following statements correctly describes the rate of PTSD among combat-exposed military personnel since 2001?

A)PTSD has remained stable since 2001 since there have been no new combat experiences for soldiers since 2001.
B)Since PTSD is more fully understood,PTSD has declined in soldiers due to better medications.
C)The rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001
D)PTSD has increased in combat-exposed women but not in combat-exposed men since 2001.

Question 17

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable,large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat?

A)major life events
B)catastrophes
C)hassles
D)eustress

Question 18

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor,with symptoms of anxiety,nightmares,poor sleep,reliving the event,and concentration problems,lasting for more than one month is called_________.

A)acute stress disorder
B)external locus of control
C)catastrophic stress
D)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 19

Professor Willoughby assigns his class a term paper that is to make up 30% of their final grade.The students are given clear guidelines about what is expected in this assignment,and are given two months to complete the assignment.Because students know that this paper is important but not the only thing upon which their grades will be based,this assignment would be likely to cause _____________.

A)frustration
B)distress
C)aggression
D)eustress

Question 20

Which of the following life events is not found in the list of major life events that cause a significant amount of stress according to the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)?

A)pregnancy
B)marriage
C)going on vacation
D)All of the above are found on the SRRS.

Question 21

Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and ___________.

A)colds and headaches
B)cancer and heart disease
C)hypertension and obesity
D)heart disease and schizophrenia

Question 22

Min-Jee is currently very concerned about a recent increase in fighting among her family members.When talking with her therapist,she notes that this has been her biggest concern lately.According to the research into the severity of different hassles,which of the following statements is probably true about Min-Jee's age?

A)Min-Jee is 4 years old
B)Min-Jee is an adult
C)Min-Jee is an adolescent
D)Min-Jee is elderly

Question 23

The _______control one has,the _______the degree of stress.

A)more;greater
B)less;greater
C)less;lower
D)Control has nothing to do with stress.

Question 24

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________impact on one's ability to be creative.

A)no
B)a positive
C)a negative
D)some

Question 25

Bettina is 6 feet tall and desires to become a ballerina.Unfortunately,she is having difficulty being accepted into a ballet troupe because of her height.Bettina is experiencing __________.

A)external frustration
B)internal conflict
C)external conflict
D)internal frustration

Question 26

An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________.

A)anxiety
B)pressure
C)overload
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 27

Researchers found that the __________of daily hassles was a better predictor of headaches than were scores on a life events scale.

A)number
B)type
C)negative quality
D)perceived severity

Question 28

______ occurs when a person is blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.

A)Uncontrollability
B)Conflict
C)Pressure
D)Frustration

Question 29

__________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period resulting from major life events.

A)University Students Stress Assessment (USSA)
B)College Students New Experiences Assessment Scale (CSNEAS)
C)Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
D)College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)

Question 30

Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer.He has encouraged him to get good grades,graduate college earlier than his peers,and work as hard as he can.Jacob does not care about going to law school,but he does so to please his father.Jacob is responding to ______.

A)anxiety
B)pressure
C)overload
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 31

The term hassles refers to__________.

A)minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work
B)personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal
C)the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals
D)minor annoyances of everyday life

Question 32

Burning your toast,having trouble opening an e-mail attachment,breaking a glass,and running late for an appointment are all examples of ___________.

A)uplifts
B)hassles
C)downturns
D)distress

Question 33

Gloria is a tax accountant who is very busy from January to April 15,which is the tax return filing deadline.She feels that she must work very long hours during this time to meet the April 15 deadline for all of her clients.Gloria is experiencing_______.

A)anxiety
B)pressure
C)frustration
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 34

Frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics is called_________.

A)external frustration
B)internal conflict
C)a hassle
D)personal frustration

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a proposed reason to explain why older adults may find the idea of going shopping to be threatening?

A)Physically,they are less able to get to a place to shop,and they may rely on others for assistance.
B)Mentally,shopping may be threatening because of a lack of financial resources.
C)The need to make decisions when shopping might be perceived as threatening.
D)None of the above

Question 36

Which of the following major life events on the College Undergraduate Stress Scale has the highest number of life change units?

A)death of a close friend
B)falling asleep in class
C)being raped
D)getting straight As

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT an example of an external frustration?

A)uncontrollability
B)losses
C)rejections
D)delays

Question 38

Which of the following statements is NOT true about hassles at different developmental stages?

A)Elderly people are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping,doctor's appointments,and bad weather than are children and younger adults.
B)Younger adults are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping,doctor's appointments, and bad weather than are elderly people.
C)For children ages 3 to 5,the biggest hassle is getting teased.
D)Youth 11 to 15 years old report feeling pressure to use drugs.

Question 39

Desiring to purchase a book and finding it is out of stock is an example of a(n)________.

A)external frustration
B)internal conflict
C)external conflict
D)internal frustration

Question 40

According to a recent study,what is the biggest hassle reported by children between the ages of 11 and 15?

A)feeling pressure to use drugs
B)not having the clothing styles they want
C)fear of new school situations
D)fear of getting into trouble at school or home

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

A)A person who enjoys the ocean has to choose between retiring in the Bahamas or in Tahiti.
B)A student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points.
C)A person has to choose between wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories.
D)A person who loves chocolate must choose between eating chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream.

Question 42

Jordan is very frustrated because another patron at the bar is talking to the woman with whom Jordan was just dancing.According to Berkowitz's reformulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis,which of the following factors makes Jordan unlikely to lash out in a physically aggressive manner?

A)Jordan already has a criminal charge for assault.
B)The other man is much larger and stronger than Jordan.
C)The woman makes it clear that she is not interested in Jordan
D)Jordan is alone and has no friends to back him up.

Question 43

Which of the following is a fact about suicide?

A)Men attempt suicide more than women.
B)More people die from suicide than from homicide.
C)The most common method of committing suicide is with pills.
D)Suicide is a spontaneous act.

Question 44

A conflict in which a person must choose between two undesirable routes to a goal or goals is called__________.

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-approach
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 45

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school and asking them to stop taunting her,Alyssa begins to actively avoid them whenever possible.Her reaction to this frustration is best described as ______.

A)confrontation
B)compromise
C)withdrawal
D)rationalization

Question 46

In a(n)__________conflict,a person must choose between two desirable goals.

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-approach
D)double approach-avoidance

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding Berkowitz's frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A)Frustration creates an internal readiness to aggress.
B)Aggression will not follow frustration unless certain external cues are present.
C)Frustration does not always lead to aggression.
D)Frustration always leads to aggression.

Question 48

Joey put a quarter in the gumball machine only to find that the machine was not working.He continued to turn the dial on the machine in hope that he would retrieve a gumball.Unfortunately,after several minutes of forcefully turning the dial he still did not retrieve a gumball.As a result,he kicked the machine several times.Kicking the machine is an example of ____________.

A)persistence
B)increasing efforts
C)varying efforts
D)aggression

Question 49

People who are depressed and may be suicidal often suffer from_____,a condition in which the person has lost the ability to experience pleasure.

A)irritability
B)anhedonia
C)neural numbness
D)learned helplessness

Question 50

Which of the following is the most common method of committing suicide?

A)jumping from heights
B)hanging
C)overdose
D)firearm

Question 51

The most extreme form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________.

A)suicide
B)anhedonia
C)leaving the country
D)divorce

Question 52

Joey put a quarter in the gumball machine only to find that the machine was not working.He continued to turn the dial on the machine in the hope that he would retrieve a gumball.Joey's behavior is called ____________.

A)persistence
B)increasing efforts
C)varying efforts
D)aggression

Question 53

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects?

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-approach
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 54

Actions meant to harm or destroy are referred to as __________.

A)persistence
B)displacement
C)varying efforts
D)aggression

Question 55

For someone who likes both movies and concerts,choosing between going to one or the other represents an ______ conflict.

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-approach
D)incompatible demands

Question 56

The first response that people typically make to frustration is_________.

A)persistence
B)increasing efforts
C)varying efforts
D)aggression

Question 57

Which of the following is the most common mental disorder associated with suicide?

A)depression
B)anxiety
C)delusions
D)anhedonia

Question 58

Which of the following is a myth about suicide?

A)People who intend to commit suicide usually talk about it.
B)People who intend to commit suicide may clear out desks and lockers and settle their finances.
C)People who talk about committing suicide won't actually do it-they just want attention.
D)People who intend to commit suicide may seem to be in good spirits because they have made the decision to take their life and are looking forward to the escape.

Question 59

All of the following are sources of stress EXCEPT______.

A)pressure
B)frustration
C)uncontrollability
D)aggression

Question 60

_________are habitual targets of displaced aggression.

A)Scapegoats
B)Internal conflicts
C)Relationships
D)Bullies

Question 61

According to Selye,some people may develop illnesses such as high blood pressure or a weakened immune system during the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)alarm
B)collapse
C)exhaustion
D)resistance

Question 62

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome,all of the following EXCEPT _______________ are reactions that can be seen.

A)headaches
B)nausea
C)fever
D)hemorrhaging

Question 63

Which part of the nervous system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress?

A)parasympathetic
B)somatic
C)sympathetic
D)central

Question 64

Adelaide hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert.Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises.According to Hans Selye,she is in the___________.

A)chronic stress phase
B)alarm phase
C)exhaustion phase
D)resistance phase

Question 65

Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts,causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other,or be unable to decide for or against the event?

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-approach
D)incompatible demands

Question 66

What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

A)resistance,alarm,exhaustion
B)exhaustion,resistance,alarm
C)alarm,exhaustion,resistance
D)alarm,resistance,exhaustion

Question 67

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome,_________.

A)the central and somatic systems are activated
B)synaptic activity and the somatic nervous system activate to send messages from the CNS to muscles
C)the sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones
D)neurotransmitter levels and the central nervous system are activated

Question 68

Ken wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income.However,he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve and the money it will cost.Ken is faced with a(n)______ conflict.

A)approach-approach
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)approach-avoidance
D)double approach-avoidance

Question 69

According to Hans Selye,resistance to stress is lowest at the _____________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)alarm
B)resistance
C)exhaustion
D)collapse

Question 70

Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

A)somatic and parasympathetic
B)autonomic and sympathetic
C)sympathetic and parasympathetic
D)central and somatic

Question 71

A person in the _________________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome may feel better even though he or she continues to secrete hormones to help the body fight a stressor.

A)alarm
B)resistance
C)exhaustion
D)termination

Question 72

The system of cells,organs,and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases and injuries is called the ________.

A)immune system
B)endocrine system
C)sympathetic nervous system
D)respiratory system

Question 73

When the teacher was handing out this test,you noticed that your respiration rate and heartbeat increased,your palms got sweaty,and your hand shook a little.Your pretest behaviors were triggered by the__________.Upon completion of the exam,your body returned to its normal state by way of the _________.

A)parasympathetic nervous system;sympathetic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system;parasympathetic nervous system
C)somatic nervous system;autonomic nervous system
D)autonomic nervous system;somatic nervous system

Question 74

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress,which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?

A)alarm
B)collapse
C)exhaustion
D)resistance

Question 75

For the past six months,Dahlia's job has been extremely stressful,but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition.Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and is behind in all of her classes.According to Hans Selye,Dahlia is in the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A)alarm
B)collapse
C)exhaustion
D)resistance

Question 76

When faced with an approach-avoidance conflict,some people tend to go back and forth with their choice because they cannot decide for or against the goal or event.This mind-changing behavior is called _____________.

A)vacillating
B)alternating
C)dichotomizing
D)avoiding

Question 77

Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome?

A)Hans Selye
B)Berkowitz
C)Holmes and Rahe
D)Lazarus

Question 78

One of the most startling implications of Selye's theory is that ________.

A)psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure
B)most people are able to effectively cope with long-term stress
C)sensitivity to stress is genetically programmed
D)self-actualization tendencies lead to severe stress

Question 79

The field of ______ studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress,emotions,thinking,and behavior on the immune system.

A)social psychology
B)organic medicine
C)psychoneuroimmunology
D)interactive psychology

Question 80

The _________nervous system returns the body to normal,day-to-day functioning after a stressful period.

A)parasympathetic
B)somatic
C)sympathetic
D)central