Question 1

All of the following terms are used in social identity theory EXCEPT _______________.&#10;A)in-group&#10;B)control group&#10;C)identification&#10;D)social comparison

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory is a psychological theory developed to explain intergroup behavior. The theory proposes that individuals categorize themselves and others into groups based on various characteristics, such as race, gender, nationality, and religion. The three central concepts to social identity theory are in-group, identification, and social comparison. The in-group refers to the group to which an individual belongs and with which they identify. Identification refers to the process by which an individual adopts the identity and characteristics of their group. Social comparison refers to the tendency of individuals to compare their in-group favorably to relevant out-groups. Control group, on the other hand, is a term used in experimental research design to describe the group that does not receive the treatment or intervention being studied. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 2

In both social facilitation and social impairment,the key factor is ___________.&#10;A)time&#10;B)the number of people&#10;C)arousal&#10;D)task difficulty

Accepted Answer

The key factor in both social facilitation and social impairment is arousal, which can either enhance or impair the performance of an individual depending on the nature of the task and the presence of an audience. Time, number of people, and task difficulty can also play a role, but they are not the defining factor in either social facilitation or social impairment.

Question 3

Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______.&#10;A)people's susceptibility to clever advertising&#10;B)the influences of the social world in which we exist&#10;C)abnormal behavior&#10;D)conformity

Accepted Answer

Social psychology specifically studies the impact of social processes and relationships on individual behavior, thoughts, and feelings. It looks at how people are influenced by the social norms and expectations of the groups they belong to, and how social interactions and relationships shape their beliefs and attitudes. It differs from general psychology in that it focuses more on the social environment and context in which people exist, rather than solely on individual mental processes.

Question 4

According to the research of Latan&#233; and Darley,which of the following situations would be the most likely in which someone would offer to help?&#10;A)person on the side of the road with a flat tire during rush hour&#10;B)person asking for help in a crowded stadium parking lot&#10;C)person falling down coming out of an elevator with only one other person in it.&#10;D)a student falling off a ladder outside a full classroom

Accepted Answer

According to Latané and Darley's research, the presence of others decreases the likelihood of someone offering to help in an emergency situation due to the diffusion of responsibility. However, if there is only one other person present, the diffusion of responsibility is reduced, increasing the likelihood of someone offering to help. Therefore, in the scenario of a person falling down coming out of an elevator with only one other person in it, it is most likely that someone would offer to help.

Question 5

Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance?&#10;A)Wearing glasses is dignified;a respected political leader wears glasses.&#10;B)Dresses are feminine;Britney Spears wears dresses.&#10;C)Pink shirts are effeminate;Bruce Willis wears pink shirts.&#10;D)Orange juice is healthy;I love orange juice.

Accepted Answer

The statement that "pink shirts are effeminate" conflicts with the fact that Bruce Willis, who is typically viewed as masculine, wears pink shirts, causing cognitive dissonance. The other choices do not present conflicting or contradictory information.

Question 6

You get a free sample of a new cereal in the mail.The company hopes you will try the cereal and then feel obligated to buy it.What term do psychologists use to describe this phenomenon?&#10;A)norm of reciprocity&#10;B)indebtedness&#10;C)augmented return&#10;D)social facilitation

Accepted Answer

The term psychologists use to describe this phenomenon is the "norm of reciprocity." When someone does something for us, such as giving us a free sample, we feel compelled to return the favor by doing something for them, such as buying their product.

Question 7

Your best friend has been acting rather cool toward you lately.As you try to figure out why,you are engaging in the process called ________________.&#10;A)attribution&#10;B)causal analysis&#10;C)ascribing values&#10;D)nonverbal communication

Accepted Answer

Attribution refers to the process of interpreting and explaining the causes of a person's behavior. In this scenario, the individual is trying to understand the cause of their best friend's cool behavior towards them.

Question 8

What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?&#10;A)bystander effect&#10;B)sole-witness effect&#10;C)subtle aggressive effect&#10;D)antisocial behavior effect

Accepted Answer

Psychologists use the term "bystander effect" to refer to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The presence of others creates a diffusion of responsibility and reduces the perceived personal responsibility of each individual to take action.

Question 9

Which type of love is defined as commitment only?&#10;A)infatuation&#10;B)consummate love&#10;C)companionate love&#10;D)empty love

Accepted Answer

Empty love is defined as commitment only, without any intimacy or passion. It is a loveless and joyless state that can arise when a relationship has lost the sparks of intimacy and passion, leaving only commitment or obligation.

Question 10

The realistic conflict theory focuses on conflict ______.&#10;A)within an in-group&#10;B)between two groups&#10;C)within an out-group&#10;D)between two members of an in-group

Accepted Answer

The realistic conflict theory focuses on conflict between two or more groups, particularly when the groups are competing for scarce resources such as money, land, or power. It suggests that this competition can lead to intergroup hostility and discrimination.

Deck 12: A: Social Psychology