Deck 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

The layer of the arteriole wall that can contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the

A)tunica adventitia.
B)tunica media.
C)tunica intima.
D)tunica externa.
E)tunica mater.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Arrange the following structures in the correct order as blood would pass through them.
1.left atrium
2)pulmonary arteries
3)systemic veins
4)right ventricle
5)right atrium
6)pulmonary veins

A)4,6,2,3,1,5
B)3,5,4,2,6,1
C)2,6,4,5,3,1
D)1,5,6,2,3,4
E)6,1,5,4,2,3

Answer 3

3,5,4,2,6,1

Question 4

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

A)tunica intima.
B)external elastic membrane.
C)tunica media.
D)internal elastic membrane.
E)tunica externa.

Question 5

Compared to arteries,veins

A)have internal and external elastic membranes.
B)have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.
C)have a pleated endothelium.
D)have thinner walls.
E)are usually round when cut.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava?

A)It is considered a large vein.
B)It carries oxygenated blood.
C)It is colored red in diagrams.
D)It lacks a tunica externa.
E)It has a very thick tunica media.

Question 7

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

A)large veins
B)venules
C)medium veins
D)capillaries
E)venous valves

Question 8

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 9

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 10

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.
1.venules
2)arterioles
3)capillaries
4)elastic arteries
5)medium veins
6)large veins
7)muscular arteries

A)7,4,2,3,1,5,6
B)6,5,1,3,2,7,4
C)5,6,1,3,2,7,4
D)2,7,6,3,1,5,6
E)4,7,2,3,1,5,6

Question 11

In large arteries,the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the

A)tunica intima.
B)external elastic membrane.
C)tunica media.
D)internal elastic membrane.
E)tunica externa.

Question 12

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

A)arteriolar
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)vascular

Question 13

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 14

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

A)tunica intima.
B)tunica externa.
C)tunica media.
D)tunica interna.
E)tunica adventitia.

Question 15

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

A)arteriolar
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)vascular

Question 16

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the

A)left atrium.
B)left ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)right ventricle.

Question 17

The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called

A)venoconstriction.
B)venodilation.
C)vasoconstriction.
D)vasodilation.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 19

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

A)left atrium.
B)left ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)right ventricle.

Question 20

Of the following arteries,the one that is an elastic artery is

A)the left subclavian artery.
B)the external carotid artery.
C)the brachial artery.
D)the femoral artery.
E)none of the above.

Question 21

Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 22

________ are multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network.

A)Sinusoids
B)Collaterals
C)Anastomoses
D)Thoroughfares
E)Elastic arteries

Question 23

The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the

A)artery.
B)arteriole.
C)capillary.
D)venule.
E)vein.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?

A)preventing backflow of blood
B)channeling blood away from the heart
C)channeling blood toward the heart
D)permit blood flow in one direction only
E)all of the above

Question 25

Sinusoids can be found in the

A)skeletal muscle.
B)cartilage.
C)central nervous system.
D)liver.
E)epithelia.

Question 26

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

A)perforated capillaries.
B)discontinuous capillaries.
C)fenestrated capillaries.
D)sinuses.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 27

After blood leaves the capillaries,it enters the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 28

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

A)the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B)pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
C)valves permitting flow of blood in one direction only.
D)valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
E)skeletal muscle compression.

Question 29

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

A)systemic arteries
B)systemic arterioles
C)the heart
D)pulmonary circuit vessels
E)systemic venous system

Question 30

RBCs move single file through this structure.

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 31

The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the

A)perforated capillaries.
B)discontinuous capillaries.
C)fenestrated capillaries.
D)sinusoids.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 32

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except

A)increased hematocrit.
B)increased vessel diameter.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)decreased peripheral resistance.
E)relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

Question 33

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the followingexcept

A)the length of a blood vessel.
B)the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
C)the flow characteristics.
D)blood viscosity.
E)blood vessel diameter.

Question 34

All of the following contributes to turbulent blood flow except

A)when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.
B)at high flow rates.
C)when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter.
D)third and fourth heart sounds.
E)when heart valves open.

Question 35

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

A)artery.
B)arteriole.
C)capillary.
D)venule.
E)vein.

Question 36

Which of the following does not affect blood flow through the body?

A)blood viscosity
B)vessel diameter
C)turbulence
D)vascular resistance
E)kidney disease

Question 37

________ refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system.

A)Venous return
B)Cardiac output
C)Capillary pressure
D)Total peripheral resistance
E)Vascular resistance

Question 38

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

A)vasa vasorum.
B)sinusoids.
C)precapillary sphincters.
D)thoroughfare channel.
E)collaterals.

Question 39

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

A)continuous capillaries.
B)fenestrated capillaries.
C)sinusoidal capillaries.
D)sinusoids.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 40

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 41

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90,his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

A)210
B)100
C)93
D)105
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

A)Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
B)Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
C)The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
D)The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.
E)The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

Question 43

If blood pressure doubled,the blood flow through a vessel would be

A)doubled.
B)halved.
C)four times greater.
D)1/4 as much.
E)unchanged.

Question 44

In which of the following would the resistance be greater?

A)a vessel 10 microns in diameter
B)a vessel 1 mm in diameter

Question 45

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

A)increased sympathetic stimulation.
B)elevated levels of epinephrine.
C)vasodilation.
D)irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
E)elevated hematocrit.

Question 46

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)veins.
D)venules.
E)capillaries.

Question 47

________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

A)Arteries
B)Arterioles
C)Capillaries
D)Venules
E)Veins

Question 48

Materials can move across capillary walls by

A)diffusion.
B)filtration.
C)reabsorption.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 49

Which of the following factors will not increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

A)decreased plasma albumin
B)increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C)decreased blood colloidal pressure
D)decreased net filtration rate
E)decreased lymphatic flow

Question 50

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves all of the following functions except

A)accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones.
B)assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries.
C)helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system.
D)flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces.
E)increases edema.

Question 51

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A)concentration of plasma sodium ions.
B)concentration of plasma glucose.
C)concentration of plasma waste products.
D)concentration of plasma proteins.
E)number of red blood cells.

Question 52

Edema is not favored when

A)the plasma concentration of albumin is reduced.
B)endothelial permeability goes up.
C)capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
D)interstitial fluid movement increases.
E)liver damage decreases production of blood proteins.

Question 53

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

A)critical closing
B)mean arterial
C)pulse
D)blood
E)circulatory

Question 54

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

A)a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B)a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C)a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D)a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Question 55

Where is blood pressure highest?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 56

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

A)venous pressure.
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C)diastolic pressure.
D)peripheral pressure.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 57

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

A)level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
B)level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
C)veins constrict.
D)arterioles dilate.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?

A)doubling the length of a blood vessel
B)decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2
C)Neither would be greater.

Question 59

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 60

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

A)pressure builds.
B)pressure drops.
C)flow becomes turbulent.
D)viscosity increases.
E)diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

Question 61

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except

A)uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure.
B)inhibition of EPO secretion.
C)activation of ADH secretion.
D)activation of aldosterone secretion.
E)increased thirst and water intake.

Question 62

Which of the following would you except to have the lowest resting heart rate?

A)a trained athlete
B)an unconditioned adult
C)a person with heart failure
D)a teenager with a sedentary lifestyle
E)an 80-year-old woman

Question 63

Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except the

A)common carotid artery.
B)arch of the aorta.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)lungs.

Question 64

A decrease in blood CO₂ levels would cause

A)increased blood pH.
B)increased cardiac output.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)increased stroke volume.
E)increased respiratory rate.

Question 65

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to

A)increase in heart rate.
B)decrease in heart rate.
C)decrease in blood pressure.
D)both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.
E)both increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.

Question 66

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

A)release of renin.
B)decrease in blood volume.
C)decreased peripheral resistance.
D)increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E)reduced thirst.

Question 67

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in

A)stimulation of the cardioacceleratory center in the brain.
B)increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C)increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.
D)stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center.
E)increased heart rate.

Question 68

All of the following occur during exercise except

A)vasodilation occurs to the active skeletal muscles.
B)venous return increases.
C)both cardiac output and stroke volume increase.
D)blood flow to the brain stays relatively constant.
E)blood flow to skin decreases.

Question 69

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

A)heart rate.
B)cardiac output.
C)blood flow to the lungs.
D)parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 70

The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is

A)acetylcholine.
B)epinephrine.
C)bradykinin.
D)tachykinin.
E)sympathetic neuropeptide.

Question 71

When will the blood pressure be greater?

A)when the peripheral vessels dilate
B)when the peripheral vessels constrict

Question 72

In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete,which of these comparisons is false?

A)The athlete has a lower resting heart rate.
B)Both hearts weigh about the same.
C)The athlete has a higher resting stroke volume.
D)The athlete has a higher exercise stroke volume.
E)The athlete has a higher exercise cardiac output.

Question 73

________ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed.

A)Central regulation
B)Autoregulation
C)Tissue perfusion
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 74

All of the following occur in response to hemorrhage except

A)peripheral vasoconstriction.
B)increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C)mobilization of the venous reserve.
D)increase in blood pressure.
E)decrease in blood volume.

Question 75

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

A)increased levels of aldosterone.
B)increased levels of angiotensin II.
C)increased blood volume.
D)increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E)increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

Question 76

When renin is released from the kidney,

A)angiotensin II is converted to angiotensin I.
B)angiotensin I formation is triggered.
C)angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys.
D)blood pressure goes down.
E)blood flow to the kidneys decreases.

Question 77

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

A)cardiac output.
B)peripheral resistance.
C)blood volume.
D)parasympathetic innervation.
E)force of cardiac contraction.

Question 78

Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to

A)carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen.
C)pH.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 79

Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)hypothalamus.
C)pons.
D)cerebrum.
E)cerebellum.

Question 80

All of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation except

A)Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen.
B)Blood flow changes to match tissue responses.
C)Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure.
D)Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients.
E)The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases.