Deck 16: Section 2: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Over _____ forms of psychotherapy currently exist.

A)10
B)100
C)500
D)1000

Answer 1

500

Question 2

Anya's depression is beginning to affect her relationships with friends and family, and her grades at school are suffering. Anya's doctor prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to treat her depression. Anya's doctor probably is a:

A)psychologist.
B)social worker.
C)counselor.
D)psychiatrist.

Answer 2

psychiatrist.

Question 3

Therapists who explore childhood to assist clients in developing insight into their psychological problems are using the _____ orientation.

A)eclectic
B)humanistic
C)psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Answer 3

psychodynamic

Question 4

Based on data from 1000 members of the American Psychological Association Division of Psychotherapy, which approach to psychotherapy was the most common?

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)humanistic
D)behavioral

Question 5

A mental health professional who is a medical doctor is a:

A)psychologist.
B)counseling psychologist.
C)psychiatric social worker.
D)psychiatrist.

Question 6

A therapist who uses different techniques and theories based on the need of the client and the diagnosis could be referred to as a(n) _____ therapist.

A)eclectic
B)cognitive behavioral
C)Gestalt
D)humanistic

Question 7

About _____ in 4 people suffer(s) from a psychological disorder in any given year.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 8

Marjorie is a graduating senior with an undergraduate degree in psychology. She wants to become a clinical psychologist. Which statement regarding Marjorie's education is true?

A)Marjorie requires no more education to be a clinical psychologist but must pass state licensing boards.
B)Marjorie still needs approximately 2 years of graduate school.
C)Marjorie still needs approximately 5 years of graduate school.
D)Marjorie still needs approximately 6 years of medical school.

Question 9

To become a practicing social worker, a person needs a :

A)bachelor's degree in psychology or sociology.
B)bachelor's degree in any social science.
C)master's degree in social work.
D)PhD in sociology.

Question 10

A mental health professional with a PsyD degree is a:

A)psychologist.
B)psychiatrist.
C)counselor.
D)a psychologist or a psychiatrist.

Question 11

A recent study found that only _____ percent of people diagnosed with a serious mental disorder which substantially interferes with major life activities received treatment in the past year.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 12

In general, therapies for psychological disorders can be divided into _____ and _____ treatments.

A)medical; psychological
B)psychosocial; biological
C)psychotherapy; medical
D)psychotherapy; sociological

Question 13

All of these are barriers to seeking treatment for a mental disorder EXCEPT:

A)many people think that mental problems can be solved by "mind over matter."
B)families sometimes discourage their relatives from seeking help.
C)many people don't know where to look for services.
D)individuals often feel they need help in handling their problem.

Question 14

Dr. Williams received her PhD in clinical psychology. Dr. Williams is a:

A)psychologist.
B)social worker.
C)psychiatrist.
D)counselor.

Question 15

An interaction between therapist and client, with the goal of support for the client or relief from the client's psychological problem, is called:

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)psychotherapy.
D)psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Question 16

When 1000 members of the American Psychological Association Division of Psychotherapy were asked to describe their main theoretical orientation, the most common response was:

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)humanistic therapy.
D)eclectic psychotherapy.

Question 17

Which statement about seeking help for treatment of a psychological disorder is FALSE?

A)People may not realize they have a disorder that can be treated.
B)Finding a service provider can be confusing.
C)Most people who seek help obtain the most effective treatment.
D)Treatment facilities might not have adequate staffing to meet the needs of the community.

Question 18

Which mental health professional has the most training in dealing with people in dire life situations such as poverty, homelessness, or family conflict?

A)psychologist
B)psychiatrist
C)counselor
D)social worker

Question 19

Dr. Martin uses systematic desensitization to help persons overcome phobias, cognitive restructuring to help alleviate the symptoms of depression, and free association to help people gain insight into their unconscious. Dr. Martin takes a(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)eclectic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Question 20

Which person would be MOST likely to seek treatment for a mental disorder?

A)Rasheed, who comes from a family that tries to conceal potentially embarrassing information
B)Sandi, whose family is generally supportive regarding her health problems
C)John, whose grandfather probably suffered from depression but was never diagnosed
D)Carmela, a teenager from a close-knit family and whose parents do not understand English

Question 21

_____ occurs when an analyst begins to assume a major significance in a client's life and the client reacts to the analyst on the basis of unconscious childhood fantasies.

A)Resistance
B)Regression
C)Transference
D)Projection

Question 22

Why do psychoanalysts focus on early childhood experiences?

A)Urges and conflicts were likely to be repressed at this time.
B)These experiences are not distorted by defense mechanisms.
C)Doing so puts the client into a meditative state in which the unconscious can be directly accessed.
D)It is at this point that the trajectory toward personal growth and self-actualization begins.

Question 23

Humanistic and existential therapies grew in opposition to which other theoretical orientation?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)psychodynamic
D)the medical model

Question 24

Psychoanalysts use all of these methods to access the unconscious EXCEPT:

A)analysis of resistance.
B)free association.
C)desensitization.
D)dream analysis.

Question 25

Elana has just begun traditional psychoanalysis. She probably will receive therapy sessions:

A)once a week for at least 1 year.
B)once a month for a number of years.
C)multiple times per week for several months.
D)multiple times per week for a number of years.

Question 26

IPT is similar to traditional psychoanalysis in all of these ways EXCEPT:

A)one goal of IPT is insight.
B)IPT accepts the theoretical view that unconscious processes can manifest themselves in psychological problems.
C)IPT analysts believe that transference can occur during therapy.
D)clients lie on coaches and do not face the ITP analyst.

Question 27

_____ is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships.

A)Psychosocial therapy
B)Interpersonal psychotherapy
C)Sociodynamic psychotherapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 28

Talking about anything and everything that comes into your mind is an example of:

A)analysis of resistance.
B)free association.
C)introspection.
D)interpretation.

Question 29

Psychodynamic psychotherapy has its roots in Freud's theory of:

A)sexuality.
B)personality.
C)cognitive development.
D)moral intuition.

Question 30

IPT is different from traditional psychoanalysis in all of these ways EXCEPT:

A)clients and analysts sit face-to-face during ITP.
B)analysts using IPT do not attempt to foster insight into the unconscious.
C)IPT is less intensive than traditional psychoanalysis.
D)IPT focuses more on improving current relationships than traditional psychoanalysis.

Question 31

What is the term for a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material?

A)blocking
B)regression
C)resistance
D)displacement

Question 32

A primary goal of psychodynamic therapy is to have the client:

A)remember repressed sexual experiences.
B)develop a close relationship with the therapist.
C)project his or her feelings for the therapist onto the parent of the opposite sex.
D)develop insight into unconscious memories, impulses, and conflicts.

Question 33

The process by which the psychoanalyst deciphers the unconscious meaning underlying what the client says and does is termed:

A)transference.
B)sublimation.
C)introspection.
D)interpretation.

Question 34

Psychoanalysts believe that transference is:

A)a hindrance to therapy and should be avoided.
B)useful in providing insight into the client's personal relationships.
C)useful in helping clients better interpret their dreams.
D)the end goal of interpersonal therapy.

Question 35

Psychodynamic approaches to therapy emphasize _____; humanistic and existential approaches emphasize _____.

A)unconscious drives; the effect of the past on current feelings
B)psychosexual urges; learned behavior
C)a negative view of human nature; a positive view
D)the id and superego; the ego

Question 36

Barry consults a therapist. The therapist asks him to lie down on a couch while the therapist sits behind him. He is told to talk about anything that comes into his mind or his feelings. Barry is probably seeing which kind of therapist?

A)interpersonal
B)psychoanalytic
C)CBT
D)humanistic

Question 37

Every time Jack's therapist suggests that his problems in trusting females in romantic relationships might stem from early childhood conflicts with his mother, Jack changes the subject and begins discussing something else. Jack is demonstrating:

A)resistance.
B)free association.
C)transference.
D)censoring.

Question 38

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) differs from traditional psychoanalysis in that:

A)IPT is a form of group therapy.
B)IPT focuses on shared unconscious dynamics in the collective unconscious.
C)analysts using IPT are more likely to offer support or advice to the client.
D)analysts using IPT do not regard insight as a goal of therapy.

Question 39

During therapy, Marie begins to react to her psychoanalytic therapist as she typically does to her mother. Marie is probably experiencing:

A)a reaction formation.
B)countertransference.
C)transference.
D)resistance.

Question 40

A psychoanalyst would be interested in helping clients understand all these EXCEPT their:

A)innate drives.
B)defense mechanisms.
C)tendency toward personal growth.
D)early childhood experiences.

Question 41

The type of therapy that has the goals of helping clients become aware of their own thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and experiences and helping clients take responsibility for them is _____ therapy.

A)cognitive behavioral
B)humanistic
C)existential
D)Gestalt

Question 42

Fritz Perls and his colleagues developed _____ therapy.

A)exposure
B)humanistic
C)existential
D)Gestalt

Question 43

Which therapy assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that relief of symptoms is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors?

A)conditioning
B)classical
C)behavior
D)humanistic

Question 44

In their interactions with clients, person-centered therapists are encouraged to demonstrate three basic qualities, _____, _____, and _____, in order for growth to occur.

A)congruence; nondirective listening; empathy
B)congruence; empathy; unconditional positive regard
C)caring; positive regard; nonsexual love
D)unconditional positive regard; sympathy; genuineness

Question 45

Humanistic and existential therapies share the assumption that psychological problems stem from:

A)feelings of alienation and loneliness.
B)early childhood experiences.
C)an external locus of control.
D)overuse of defense mechanisms.

Question 46

Gestalt therapists would be least likely to say to a client,

A)"How does it feel for you to say that to me right now?"
B)"Are you willing to keep a journal of your feelings during the next week?"
C)"Are you willing right now to try an empty chair exercise?"
D)"What are you feeling as you share your dream with me?"

Question 47

The idea of focusing treatment on the client's behavior instead of the client's unconscious was inspired by:

A)behaviorism.
B)humanism.
C)functionalism.
D)existentialism.

Question 48

Interest in humanistic and existential therapies peaked in the:

A)1950s.
B)1970s.
C)1990s.
D)2000s.

Question 49

Striving to see the world from the client's perspective demonstrates:

A)empathy.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)congruence.
D)mindfulness.

Question 50

Treating a client with _____ involves providing a nonjudgmental, warm, and accepting environment in which the client can feel safe expressing thoughts and feelings.

A)empathy
B)unconditional positive regard
C)congruence
D)mindfulness

Question 51

Which statement about person-centered therapy is FALSE?

A)Clients determine their own goals for therapy.
B)Therapists provide frequent suggestions about how to reach clients' goals.
C)Clients determine the frequency and duration of treatment.
D)Therapists demonstrate empathy toward clients.

Question 52

_____ developed person-centered therapy.

A)Aaron Beck
B)Melanie Klein
C)Carl Rogers
D)Frederick Perls

Question 53

A person-centered therapist does not utilize:

A)cognitive restructuring.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)congruence.
D)empathy.

Question 54

In person-centered therapy, the therapist does not typically provide advice due to the belief that the client can and will recognize the right thing to do. This approach is described as:

A)flexible.
B)nondirective.
C)self-actualizing.
D)self-aware.

Question 55

Scott is having relationship problems with his wife, Samantha. Scott's therapist directs Scott to pretend that Samantha is sitting in an empty chair across from him. Scott is instructed to say whatever he wants to say to Samantha. Then Scott must switch chairs, assume the role of Samantha, and provide her reply. Scott's therapist is using a(n) _____ technique.

A)humanistic
B)modified group
C)Gestalt
D)interpersonal

Question 56

_____ refers to openness and honesty in the therapeutic relationship and ensuring that the therapist communicates the same message at all levels.

A)Empathy
B)Unconditional positive regard
C)Congruence
D)Mindfulness

Question 57

Sara, a therapist, tries to understand her clients' experiences and reflect it back to them in a compassionate way. She feels this approach facilitates her clients' natural tendency toward growth. Sara is most likely a(n) _____ therapist.

A)cognitive
B)cognitive behavioral
C)interpersonal
D)person-centered

Question 58

Operant conditioning procedures focus on changing behavior using:

A)systematic desensitization.
B)positive reinforcement only.
C)reinforcement and punishment.
D)learned associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

Question 59

Which therapy assumes everyone has a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist?

A)person-centered
B)interpersonal
C)cognitive behavioral
D)Gestalt

Question 60

The primary reason why behavioral therapists rejected the psychoanalytic approach is that psychoanalysis:

A)did not focus on cognitive mechanisms underlying behavioral problems.
B)involves years of therapy.
C)is rarely is effective.
D)involves invisible mental properties that are particularly hard to test.

Question 61

Lately, Charlie and Angelica have been having problems in their relationship. Both are having trouble communicating their true feelings to each other. Which therapy might be MOST beneficial to them?

A)cognitive behavioral therapy
B)interpersonal therapy
C)couples therapy
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 62

Lindsay has obsessions about contamination and washes her hands hundreds of times per day. During therapy, Lindsay is asked to get her hands dirty on purpose and then leave them dirty for several hours. This is an example of:

A)the use of punishment to reduce the undesirable behavior of hand washing.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)exposure therapy with response prevention.

Question 63

Allison has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. Her eating disorder seems to be related to her overcontrolling parents, perhaps being her way of having some control. What kind of therapy would be MOST helpful to Allison and her parents?

A)group
B)interpersonal
C)humanistic
D)family

Question 64

Research has found that mindfulness meditation is helpful for:

A)controlling hallucinations and delusions in people with schizophrenia.
B)preventing relapse in depression.
C)shortening manic periods associated with bipolar disorder.
D)eliminating phobias.

Question 65

In couples therapy, treatment strategies target changes in:

A)both parties.
B)the party causing the relationship conflict.
C)the party with a diagnosed psychological disorder.
D)the party suffering distress from the relationship.

Question 66

Jean-Luc has a fear of the dentist. He is taken to the dentist's office every week for a month. Each time, he stays a bit longer and realizes that it is not such a scary place. Jean-Luc's therapist is using which behavior therapy?

A)aversion
B)exposure
C)operant
D)interpersonal

Question 67

Adam had always been the problem child of the family, getting in trouble for skipping school and routinely disobeying his parents and their rules for him. His parents arranged a family therapy session, and Adam was surprised to hear the therapist say that:

A)he was not the sole problem but instead that the family system was broken.
B)he was the source of the breakdown in the family dynamics.
C)his parents were to blame for his obedience problems.
D)it would be best if Adam left the room so that the rest of the family could speak frankly about him.

Question 68

The technique, frequently used by cognitive therapists, of teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace them with more realistic beliefs is called:

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)mindfulness meditation.
D)cognitive plasticity.

Question 69

Audrey is suffering from depression that was triggered by a breakup with her boyfriend. She tells her therapist that no man will ever love her. Her therapist challenges the validity of her belief by stating that just because one person broke up with her doesn't mean that all of her relationships will fail. The therapist then has Audrey make a list of all the guys she knows who would probably go out with her on a date. To her surprise, Audrey is able to name a handful and realizes that her belief that no one will love her probably is distorted by the emotional pain from her breakup. Audrey's therapist is using:

A)cognitive restructuring.
B)mindfulness meditation.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)social phobia hierarchy.

Question 70

Which therapy focuses on understanding and changing the client's meaning, assumptions, and beliefs about events?

A)psychodynamic
B)behavior
C)cognitive
D)humanistic

Question 71

Most therapists working with anxiety and depression use:

A)interpersonal psychotherapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)cognitive behavioral therapy.

Question 72

Lauren went to see a therapist, and during their first session they established clear goals coupled with assignments to be done regularly to reach the goals. Lauren's therapist was using _____ therapy.

A)cognitive
B)CBT
C)behavioral
D)person-centered

Question 73

In which cognitive therapy technique are people taught to be fully present in each moment and to be aware of their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in order to detect symptoms before they become a problem?

A)cognitive restructuring
B)self-monitoring
C)mindfulness meditation
D)rational emotive

Question 74

_____ therapy focuses only on the client's behavior and the situation, whereas _____ therapy focuses on helping a client identify and correct distorted thinking.

A)Behavior; aversion
B)Socio-behavior; rational psychodynamic
C)Behavior; cognitive
D)Gestalt; cognitive

Question 75

All of these terms describe CBT EXCEPT:

A)problem focused.
B)action oriented.
C)person-centered.
D)transparent.

Question 76

Every time Sophie reads a book, she gets a sticker. When she gets 10 stickers, her parents take her to her favorite restaurant. Sophie's parents are using a(n):

A)token economy.
B)antecedent manipulation.
C)cognitive behavioral therapy.
D)exposure therapy.

Question 77

Exposure therapy is based on:

A)principles of reinforcement and punishment.
B)habituation and response extinction.
C)response blocking.
D)principles of reinforcement.

Question 78

Therapies involving operant conditioning typically manipulate:

A)expectancies for behavior.
B)the consequences of behavior.
C)the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus.
D)patterns of maladaptive thinking that give rise to problem behavior.

Question 79

Which statement regarding mobile health interventions is FALSE?

A)Text messages can be used to remind a client not to smoke.
B)Bio-sensors can be worn to measure patients' experiences in the real world in real-time.
C)Mobile technologies prove more effective than traditional interventions.
D)Advances in technology have allowed psychologists to administer interventions beyond the clinic walls.

Question 80

Adam consistently experienced stress in social situations. He worried that everyone thought he was different and that no one liked him. Adam's therapist taught him to focus on each situation as unique, and instead of focusing on his surroundings and others, to focus on being aware of what he was feeling and to stop his negative thinking before it led him to being anxious. Adam learned which technique for dealing with his stress?

A)cognitive restructuring
B)mindfulness meditation
C)systematic desensitization
D)stress management