Deck 15: Section 4: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The presence or absence of a diathesis determines if symptoms of a disease will manifest.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Clinical psychologists usually focus on a single cause of a psychological disorder that is internal to the person.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Phobias usually involve stimuli that humans are evolutionarily prepared to find threatening.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Some psychological problems vary in prevalence between different cultures.

Question 5

The DSM-5 relies heavily on patients' self-reports in diagnosing a psychological disorder.

Question 6

People with phobic disorders know that their fear is irrational.

Question 7

The long-term goal of the RDoC is to better understand what abnormalities cause different disorders, and to classify disorders based on those underlying causes rather than on observed symptoms, which would bring the study of mental disorders in line with the study of other medical disorders.

Question 8

A panic attack typically lasts for about 20 minutes.

Question 9

Specific phobias are more common among women than men.

Question 10

Anxiety disorders are more likely to be found in the United States than China.

Question 11

Most people with phobias can report a specific instance in which the phobia was conditioned.

Question 12

One reason the RDoC was created was in response to the criticism that the biopsychosocial factors that appear to cause psychopathology do not map neatly onto individual DSM diagnoses.

Question 13

Infants who display excessive shyness are at an increased risk for developing phobias later in life.

Question 14

Most of the situations and objects of people's phobias could pose a real threat.

Question 15

Before the introduction of the medical model of psychological disorders, people believed mental illness was a result of possession by demons or a punishment from God for their wrongdoings.

Question 16

Approximately 50 percent of Americans will develop some type of mental disorder during their lifetimes.

Question 17

The comorbidity of anxiety and depression disorders is significant.

Question 18

Men are more likely than women to have social phobias.

Question 19

Social phobia usually develops during childhood.

Question 20

A new system called the Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC) is an initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them.

Question 21

A person who lives through a terrifying and uncontrollable experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind.

Question 22

Major life events such as job loss or trauma often immediately precede the development of GED.

Question 23

Attempting to suppress an obsession may actually strengthen it.

Question 24

Agoraphobia is a common cause of panic attacks.

Question 25

Generalized anxiety disorder is especially prevalent among high-income people with management-level jobs.

Question 26

Major depressive disorder is also known as unipolar disorder.

Question 27

In order to conduct research into the role of physiological arousal, sodium lactate is used to induce panic attacks in people who do and do not normally suffer from them.

Question 28

People who live in large cities are more likely to have GAD than people who live in rural areas.

Question 29

The symptoms of double depression are more severe in intensity than the symptoms of unipolar depression.

Question 30

Symptoms must persist at least 2 months in order to receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Question 31

The symptoms of a panic attack can mimic the symptoms associated with a heart attack.

Question 32

GAD is more common in women than men primarily due to sex differences in GABA functioning.

Question 33

People with PTSD show a smaller sized hippocampus, a preexisting condition that made them susceptible to developing PTSD when they were later exposed to trauma.

Question 34

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is more prevalent than panic disorder.

Question 35

Panic attacks must be accompanied by fear of having another attack in order to receive a panic disorder diagnosis.

Question 36

At some time over the course of their lives, about 7 percent of Americans are estimated to suffer from PTSD because the effects of PTSD are now recognized not only among the victims, witnesses, and perpetrators of war, but also among ordinary people who are traumatized by terrible events in civilian life.

Question 37

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the obsessive thoughts typically produce anxiety, and the compulsive behaviors are performed to reduce it.

Question 38

Panic disorder is especially prevalent in men, who are almost twice as likely to receive this diagnosis as are women.

Question 39

Overactivity of the caudate nucleus is the primary cause of OCD.

Question 40

An obsession is a ritualistic behavior designed to reduce anxiety.

Question 41

The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenia involves a deficit in dopamine levels.

Question 42

Catatonic behavior can be a side effect of medication to treat schizophrenia.

Question 43

According to helplessness theory, individuals prone to depression attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, unstable, and global.

Question 44

Bipolar disorder is the result of an allele variation on a single gene.

Question 45

The risk of schizophrenia among biological relatives is greatest for monozygotic twins.

Question 46

Some people with bipolar disorder find the early stages of a manic phase to be very productive.

Question 47

Believing that the president is sending you coded messages during televised speeches is an example of a delusion.

Question 48

Hearing voices inside your head is a common symptom associated with dissociative identity disorder.

Question 49

Heritability rates for dysthymia are low.

Question 50

Women experience major depression much more frequently than men.

Question 51

Disorganized speech is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.

Question 52

A person whose dizygotic twin is afflicted with schizophrenia is at a higher risk for schizophrenia than a person whose biological parents both have schizophrenia.

Question 53

Rapid cycling bipolar disorder is more common in women than men.

Question 54

Recent brain research has revealed reduced activity in the right prefrontal cortex of individuals diagnosed with depression.

Question 55

Among the various mental disorders, bipolar disorder has the highest rate of heritability.

Question 56

Women are twice as likely as men to have bipolar disorder.

Question 57

People with schizophrenia who assume an uncomfortable position and then remain there for hours are exhibiting catatonic behavior.

Question 58

Antidepressant medications usually take several weeks before they begin to alter neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

Question 59

Drugs that increase levels of dopamine in the brain tend to reduce symptoms of depression.

Question 60

Schizophrenic hallucinations are often auditory.

Question 61

Paranoid personality disorder is in the odd/eccentric cluster.

Question 62

The dopamine hypothesis is widely accepted among psychologists.

Question 63

People with schizoid personality are often described as loners.

Question 64

Autism is regarded as a childhood form of schizophrenia.

Question 65

People with avoidant personality disorder actually yearn for social contact.

Question 66

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities.

Question 67

Girls have higher rates of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) than boys by a ratio of about 3:1.

Question 68

Approximately 10 percent of girls and 4 percent of boys meet criteria for ADHD.

Question 69

Meeting criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) requires having multiple symptoms of inattention (e.g., persistent problems with sustained attention, organization, memory, following instructions), hyperactivity-impulsiveness (e.g., persistent difficulties with remaining still, waiting for a turn, interrupting others), or both for at least 6 months in at least two settings (e.g., home and school) to the point where they impair the child's ability to perform at school or get along at home.

Question 70

Progressive brain tissue loss in schizophrenics usually begins in the parietal lobe.

Question 71

Scott had always gotten into trouble. At home he routinely bullies his little brother, throws food and toys at family members, has kicked his dad, and has been getting into trouble for stealing from the local store. Scott is likely suffering from conduct disorder.

Question 72

The DSM-5 requires that symptoms of ADHD be present before the age of 12 in order to meet criteria for this disorder.

Question 73

Brain imaging studies suggest that those with ADHD have smaller brain volumes as well as structural and functional abnormalities in frontosubcortical networks associated with attention and behavioral inhibition.

Question 74

People with narcissistic personality disorder are "drama queens" who live their lives like they are on stage.

Question 75

Most schizophrenics have enlarged brain ventricles.

Question 76

Personality disorders are quite rare, occurring in less than 3 percent of the population.

Question 77

Being adopted into a severely disturbed family increases the risk for schizophrenia only in those with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia.

Question 78

People with narcissistic personality disorder often become devastated by the end of a romantic relationship.

Question 79

Children diagnosed with autism are highly variable in their degree of functioning as adults.

Question 80

Borderline personality disorder is associated with unstable moods and stormy personal relationships.