Deck 14: Statistics in Psychology

Question 1

What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior?

A)health psychology
B)psychopathology
C)psychobiology
D)developmental psychology

Answer 1

psychopathology

Question 2

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client.The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time.In addition,he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal.Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal?

A)statistical definition
B)maladaptive
C)subjective discomfort
D)social norm deviance

Answer 2

subjective discomfort

Question 3

Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 B.C.that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique,in which holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim.This process is called __________.

A)trephining
B)drilling
C)humoring
D)exorcism

Answer 3

trephining

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?

A)blood
B)phlegm
C)pus
D)yellow bile

Question 5

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A)behavior that is rare
B)behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C)behavior that does not create distress
D)behavior that is adaptive

Question 6

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?

A)Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B)Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C)Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.
D)Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

Question 7

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was __________.

A)caused by supernatural forces
B)only in the mind of the beholder
C)curable through exorcism
D)caused by imbalances of vital body fluids

Question 8

Today,trephining is done to ___________.

A)relieve pressure in the lower back
B)release demons from the possessed victim
C)relieve pressure from fluids on the brain
D)facilitate exorcisms

Question 9

During the Renaissance,abnormal behavior was believed to result from ______.

A)witchcraft
B)demon possession
C)disease organisms
D)body fluid imbalance

Question 10

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn.You say to Alex,"I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is,"His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ______________.

A)"Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B)"Who is Hippocrates?"
C)"Who is Carl Rogers?"
D)"Who is John Watson?"

Question 11

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession,the treatment of choice was ______.

A)herbal cures
B)"magic" potions
C)exorcism
D)trepanning

Question 12

What was the most likely outcome for a person who was mentally ill and accused of being a witch during the Renaissance?

A)death
B)exile from society
C)treatment
D)exorcism

Question 13

The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior is referred to as _________.

A)the situational context
B)the historical context
C)the cohort effect
D)societal norms

Question 14

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?

A)social discomfort
B)social mores
C)social context
D)social norm deviance

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the bodily fluids that ancient Greeks linked to abnormal behaviors?

A)ear wax
B)urine
C)black bile
D)saliva

Question 16

Which of the following was one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?

A)urine
B)saliva
C)pus
D)phlegm

Question 17

Ancient Greeks believed imbalances in ________ caused abnormality,while people living during the Middle Ages believed it was caused by ________.However,many contemporary psychologists try to understand psychological disorders in terms of the ________ model.

A)evil;water;biopsychosocial
B)behavior;evil;ecological
C)bile;exposure;psychodynamic
D)bodily fluids;the devil;biopsychosocial

Question 18

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times,signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by __________.

A)an imbalance of body fluids
B)demons
C)improper diet
D)social forces

Question 19

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual,Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual,his behavior would best illustrate ________.

A)psychosis
B)distress
C)disability
D)social norm deviance

Question 20

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university.She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior.What area of psychology should she focus on in school?

A)health psychology
B)psychopathology
C)psychobiology
D)developmental psychology

Question 21

According to the cognitive perspective,disordered behavior is the result of _____________.

A)repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B)a set of learned responses
C)illogical thinking patterns
D)chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 22

Dave,a graduate student,has difficulty talking to groups.Unfortunately,he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people.The night before a presentation,he tosses and turns,and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse.When he makes a presentation,he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words.As a result,he feels worthless and miserable.Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A)inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B)subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
C)statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D)deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

Question 23

According to the behaviorists,disordered behavior is a result of _____________.

A)repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B)a set of learned responses
C)illogical thinking patterns
D)chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 24

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,causes harm to others,or harms their ability to function in daily life,is called ___________.

A)a psychological disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior

Question 25

The psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of ______.

A)Freud
B)Perls
C)Rogers
D)Skinner

Question 26

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety.Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks,she does not leave her house.This makes her feel trapped in her home,which creates distress.Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A)statistical rarity
B)subjective discomfort
C)situational context
D)social norm deviance

Question 27

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client.Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A)learned behaviors of depression
B)unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C)negative interpretations of life events
D)a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 28

Whenever Greta thinks about her life,she automatically bursts into tears.This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A)subjective discomfort
B)defensiveness
C)denial
D)disability

Question 29

The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety,depression,and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances,genetic problems,brain damage or dysfunction,or some combination of those causes.

A)biological
B)psychodynamic
C)naturalistic
D)cognitive-behavioral

Question 30

Linda is afraid of cats because,when she was a little girl,a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face.As a result of this experience,Linda learned to be afraid of cats.Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)sociocultural
D)psychoanalytic

Question 31

The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ______.

A)learning
B)repressed thoughts,memories,and concerns
C)biology
D)biochemical imbalances

Question 32

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)biological

Question 33

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________.

A)deviant
B)uncomfortable
C)rare
D)maladaptive

Question 34

Nicholas is a man whom the local college students all think of as eccentric.Each day he stands on campus,smiling at people as they walk by,and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good luck!" In fact,the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute,but Nicholas never asks for anything.Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy?

A)inability to function normally
B)social norm deviance
C)subjective discomfort
D)objective discomfort

Question 35

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from _____________.

A)distorted thought patterns
B)repressed memories
C)underlying behavioral issues
D)physiological causes

Question 36

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)biological

Question 37

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or __________.

A)subjective discomfort
B)social deviance
C)statistical rarity
D)situational anxiety

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of subjective discomfort?

A)hearing voices that no one else can hear
B)worrying about everything most of the time
C)feeling that one is better than everyone else
D)deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught

Question 39

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism.The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed,unresolved,internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood.This view is typical of the ______ model of abnormality.

A)biological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 40

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety.Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance.Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality.

A)psychoanalytic model
B)intrapersonal model
C)biological model
D)behavioral model

Question 41

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ______.

A)mood disorders
B)dissociative neurosis
C)anxiety disorders
D)amnesia

Question 42

DSM stands for:

A)Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.
B)Deviance and Sadism Manual.
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
D)Developmental Sickness Model.

Question 43

_______ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A)The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B)The Physician's Desk Reference
C)The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D)The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 44

____________ is a term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behavior takes place.

A)Cultural relativity
B)Social context
C)Situational context
D)Situational relativity

Question 45

What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?

A)restricted syndromes
B)naturalistic syndromes
C)sociocultural disorders
D)cultural syndromes

Question 46

What is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States?

A)specific phobia
B)social anxiety disorder
C)post-traumatic stress disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 47

Miguel has a great job,is well educated,and has a loving family.Despite these positive aspects of his life,he experiences anxiety every day.When asked by his therapist the reason for his anxiety,he says,"I don't know why.I don't have any reason to feel anxious,yet I worry all the time." The therapist describes Miguel as having ______ anxiety.

A)free-floating
B)normal
C)healthy
D)restricted

Question 48

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)major depressive disorder
C)substance-abuse disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 49

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client.Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A)learned behaviors of depression
B)unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C)distorted interpretations of life events
D)a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 50

The most recent version of the DSM is the ________.

A)DSM-III-R
B)DSM-IV-TR
C)DSM-5
D)DSM-VI-R

Question 51

Some Asian cultures view mental illness as ____________.

A)a shameful thing that hurts the marriage chances of other family members
B)a normal thing that does not affect the marriage chances of other family members
C)an imbalance in bodily fluids
D)a culture-bound syndrome

Question 52

Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is __________.

A)related to a specific event
B)unrelated to any realistic,known source
C)related to a realistic source
D)related to a specific object

Question 53

Which of the following culture-bound syndromes is found mostly in Western cultures?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) amok
C) susto
D) koro

Question 54

The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as _____________.

A)accurate self-assessment
B)unnecessary worrying
C)psychopathological transference
D)psychology student's syndrome

Question 55

The primary purpose of the DSM is to _____.

A)help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C)help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D)describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 56

Which model of abnormality holds that physical,mental,and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders?

A)the eclectic model
B)the biopsychosocial model
C)the psychophysiological model
D)the Gestalt model

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?

A)It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.
B)It lists information regarding symptoms,but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
C)It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

A)It is never considered realistic or normal.
B)Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable.
C)It always manifests itself as a disorder.
D)It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety.

Question 59

Dr.Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client.Dr.Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B)Physician's Desk Reference
C)Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D)Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 60

In any given year,about ______ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.

A)26
B)12
C)33
D)43

Question 61

Which of the following types of anxiety disorders is related to a history of shyness in childhood?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)panic disorder
C)social anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 62

Ted runs from the biology laboratory straight to his therapist's office.He is sweating and fear is etched on his face.He asks the therapist to apologize to his teacher and says he hopes she will understand that his arachnophobia made it difficult for him to _____.

A)speak in class
B)dissect a cat
C)look at a spider
D)take a blood sample

Question 63

People who have a(n)______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others,so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

A)agoraphobia
B)social anxiety disorder
C)specific phobia
D)interactive phobia

Question 64

Which occupation would be especially difficult for a person who suffers from acrophobia?

A)cashier
B)baseball umpire
C)window washer
D)emergency room nurse

Question 65

An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called ____________.

A)agoraphobia
B)a social phobia
C)a specific phobia
D)an interactive phobia

Question 66

Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic,with various symptoms including racing heart,rapid breathing,and sweating?

A)phobia
B)compulsion
C)panic attack
D)affective disorder

Question 67

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?

A)Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers,while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
B)Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger,while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
C)Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men.
D)Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in adults while phobic disorder is more common in children.

Question 68

Fears of snakes,thunderstorms,darkness,and water are classified as ______ phobias.

A)specific
B)social
C)primary
D)innate

Question 69

Kaylee refuses to change in the locker room during gym class.She is afraid that someone will see her body,make fun of it,and embarrass her.As a result,Kaylee skips gym class to avoid the situation.Based on this information,it is possible that Kaylee has ________.

A)a specific phobia
B)social anxiety disorder
C)schizophrenia
D)a mood disorder

Question 70

An anxiety disorder that involves a fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation is called ______.

A)agoraphobia
B)social anxiety disorder
C)a specific phobia
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 71

An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic attacks that affect the person's ability to function in day-to-day living is called ______.

A)panic disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)phobic disorder

Question 72

Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of ______ phobias.

A)specific
B)social
C)complex
D)interactive

Question 73

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A)bipolar disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)a phobia
D)schizophrenia

Question 74

While each panic attack is different,the average duration of a panic attack is approximately how long?

A)3-5 minutes
B)10-15 minutes
C)30 minutes
D)60-90 minutes

Question 75

Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave her home.She feels trapped and is unable to work or engage in any kind of activity that requires going outside of her home.You are not surprised when you find out your aunt is diagnosed with _________________.

A)trypanophobia
B)odontophobia
C)agoraphobia
D)a specific phobia

Question 76

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months.He is probably suffering from a ______.

A)somatoform disorder
B)conversion reaction
C)personality disorder
D)phobia

Question 77

An irrational,persistent fear of something is called a(n)______.

A)mania
B)obsession
C)phobia
D)compulsion

Question 78

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ______.

A)agoraphobia
B)a social phobia
C)a specific phobia
D)trypanophobia

Question 79

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when,without warning,her heart begins racing rapidly,she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing,rapid breathing,and sweating.She thinks she is having a heart attack.Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode.Her symptoms MOST resemble ______.

A)a phobic disorder
B)a panic attack
C)post-traumatic stress
D)an affective disorder

Question 80

Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes.She is probably suffering from a(n)______.

A)mania
B)obsession
C)compulsion
D)phobia