Deck 10: Social Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is a female primary sex characteristic?

A)breasts
B)pubic hair
C)vagina
D)prostate gland

Answer 1

vagina

Question 2

Which of the following is immediately present to doctors and nurses when a baby is born?

A)secondary sexual characteristics
B)sex chromosomes
C)primary sexual characteristics
D)gender

Answer 2

primary sexual characteristics

Question 3

The development of pubic hair,though located around the external genitalia,which are involved in reproduction,is still considered to be a ________ sexual characteristic.

A)tertiary
B)pubescent
C)primary
D)secondary

Answer 3

secondary

Question 4

One secondary male sex characteristic is ________.

A)the penis
B)facial and chest hair
C)the testicles
D)the prostate gland

Question 5

Female sex organs that are present at birth are called ________.

A)primary sex characteristics
B)innate sex characteristics
C)secondary sex characteristics
D)hormonally determined sex characteristics

Question 6

The growth spurt for boys typically begins at age ________.

A)9-22
B)12-14
C)10-12
D)13-15

Question 7

One secondary male sex characteristic is ________.

A)the penis
B)an enlarged larynx
C)the testicles
D)the prostate gland

Question 8

A young boy develops facial and chest hair,pubic hair,and an enlarged Adam's apple.This happens because puberty is stimulating the development of his ________.

A)primary sex characteristics
B)secondary sex characteristics
C)male attachment characteristics
D)reproductive signaling characteristics

Question 9

One secondary male sex characteristic is ________.

A)the penis
B)a deepening voice
C)testicles
D)prostate gland

Question 10

The breasts contain the ________ glands for milk production.

A)prostate
B)thyroid
C)Cowper's
D)mammary

Question 11

The growth spurt for girls typically begins at what age?

A)7-9
B)12-14
C)10-12
D)13-15

Question 12

One of the primary male sex characteristics is the ________.

A)penis
B)Adam's apple
C)clitoris
D)presence of pubic hair

Question 13

Puberty is defined as ________.

A)the production of hormones in the reproductive glands stimulated by the pituitary gland
B)the stage of identity versus role confusion
C)the physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development is stimulated by hormonal changes
D)the time when a child becomes a teenager

Question 14

Sex organs and traits that develop at puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction are known as ________ sexual characteristics.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)pubescent
D)tertiary

Question 15

One example of a female secondary sex characteristic is __________.

A)the vagina
B)the ovaries
C)the uterus
D)breast development

Question 16

At about age 12,a girl comes to her mother and says that she is going through a great deal of bodily changes.Most likely the girl is talking about ________.

A)diminishment of primary sex characteristics
B)development of secondary sex characteristics
C)changes in tertiary sex characteristics
D)getting too fat

Question 17

Which female sex organ or process is present at birth?

A)breasts
B)pubic hair
C)vagina
D)menarche

Question 18

________ consists of the physiological changes in the sex organs and reproductive system that occur during adolescence.

A)Sexual identity assignment
B)Plateau development
C)The male and female menarche
D)Puberty

Question 19

Johnny is taking a class in human sexuality,and he has been asked to make a list of body parts that would be considered primary sexual characteristics.Which of the following would NOT appear on that list?

A)uterus
B)testicles
C)ovaries
D)breasts

Question 20

Chastity and Shane are fraternal twins,born 17 minutes apart.They go through many of life's trials and tribulations together,but if their developmental schedules hold true to average,Chastity will start going through her pubescent development approximately ________ her brother.

A)2 years earlier than
B)5 years earlier than
C)3 years later than
D)at the same time as

Question 21

A person who is described as intersexed is ________.

A)an individual who is born with ambiguous sex organs
B)an individual who is surgically reassigned at birth so that he or she seems to be of the sex opposite to what is expected from the chromosomes
C)an individual with normal body development who cannot decide whether to act as a male or a female
D)a homosexual

Question 22

The ________ system is to boys as the ________ system is to girls.

A)Wolffian;Müllerian
B)Stausberg;Flynn
C)Müllerian;Wolffian
D)Flynn;Stausberg

Question 23

How many of the 46 chromosomes that most human beings have ultimately determine one's sex?

A)5
B)3
C)1
D)0

Question 24

________ is the process by which people learn their culture's preferences and expectations for proper "masculine" and "feminine" behaviors.

A)Gender role
B)Gender identity
C)Gender typing
D)Gender stereotyping

Question 25

A set of characteristics that defines individuals as boys and men or girls and women is called ________.

A)gender
B)sex
C)sex characteristics
D)gender stereotypes

Question 26

The precursors of female sex organs during prenatal development form the ________ system.

A)Müllerian
B)Wolffian
C)Gilligan
D)Estrogenous

Question 27

What is the incidence of children born as intersexed,or intersexual,individuals?

A)1 out of 50
B)1 out of 500
C)1 out of 1,500
D)1 out 50,000

Question 28

The development of the ________ system is caused by the secretion of ________ during the prenatal development.

A)Wolffian;estrogens
B)Müllerian;testosterone
C)Wolffian;testosterone
D)Müllerian;progesterones

Question 29

A culture's expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors can be defined as ________.

A)homosexual
B)heterosexual
C)gender roles
D)gender typing

Question 30

Margot is pregnant with her first child,and she is deliriously happy! She and her husband have some tests taken,but before the doctor can come in and review the results,Jim sneaks a peek at the file with the test results.He sees that the baby has "two X chromosomes." He looks at his wife and says:

A)"Congratulations,honey,we're having a boy!"
B)"Congratulations,honey,it looks like we are having twins!"
C)"Congratulations,honey,we're having a girl!"
D)"Congratulations,honey,I need to take a biology class!"

Question 31

A person's sense of being a boy or girl,or man or woman,is their gender ________.

A)stereotype
B)development
C)role
D)identity

Question 32

Maurice was born with an XY chromosome type,and he has the external genitalia of a male.He has,for the better part of his life,however,felt like he was supposed to be a woman.He has always identified more with feminine clothes,behaviors,and emotions.According to your text,Maurice has a male ________.

A)gender identity
B)sexual disorder
C)gender
D)sex

Question 33

________ is a biological phenomenon,while ________ is a psychological phenomenon.

A)Sex;gender
B)Gender role;gender stereotype
C)Gender;sex
D)Sex;sex role

Question 34

Which hormone is the primary determinant of whether a baby will develop male or female external genitalia?

A)progesterone
B)human chorionic gonadotropin
C)testosterone
D)estrogen

Question 35

Maurice was born with an XY chromosome type,and he has the external genitalia of a male.He has,for the better part of his life,however,felt like he was supposed to be a woman.He has always identified more with feminine clothes,behaviors,and emotions.According to your text,Maurice has a female ________.

A)problem
B)gender
C)sex
D)secondary sex characteristic

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true regarding the development of the sex organs in a baby?

A)The first sex organs appear far earlier in girls than in boys,since the organs do not require extra tissue for their formation.
B)The first sex organs do not develop until the first 12 weeks of pregnancy are over,which is why pregnant parents cannot find out the gender of the baby until this point.
C)The first sex organs,which are the gonads,are undifferentiated in male and female fetuses for the first month of pregnancy.
D)The first sex organs appear far earlier in boys than in girls,since the organs are external as opposed to internal.

Question 37

Psychology has many terms for human sexuality concepts.What is an alternative term for hermaphroditism?

A)homosexual
B)gender specific
C)intersex
D)heterosexual

Question 38

The primary sex characteristics develop as ________.

A)the fetus is growing in the womb,when the chromosomes of the 23^rd pair cause the release of the proper hormones to stimulate the growth of the sex organs
B)proper hormones in the mother's milk stimulate the growth of the sex organs
C)the baby is raised as a male or female;the behavioral cues stimulate the baby to release the appropriate male or female hormones and develop as such
D)none of these

Question 39

Expectations about the way men and women behave are called gender ________.

A)roles
B)norms
C)mores
D)schemas

Question 40

How many genes found on the Y chromosome trigger the testes to produce testosterone?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 41

According to research,infant girls who were exposed to androgens were found to be more likely to ________.

A)have a very "feminine" childhood and prefer to play with dolls.
B)be "tomboys" during their childhood,but ultimately grew up to be more "typically female" in adulthood and had a desire for marriage and motherhood.
C)be "feminine" during their childhood but grew up to be more "typically male" in adulthood and less emotional than other women.
D)have a very "masculine" attitude in adulthood despite their sex.

Question 42

Which term has the most negative connotation in our culture?

A)tomboy
B)sissy
C)masculine
D)feminine

Question 43

According to fMRI images taken when both men and women were shown erotic images,researchers found that the amygdala and hypothalamus areas of the limbic system were ________.

A)more strongly active in men than women
B)more strongly active in women than men
C)equally active in both men and women
D)more active for women during their menstrual cycle

Question 44

Which of the following is the best description of a "winkte" individual?

A)bisexual transsexual
B)homosexual female
C)neither male nor female
D)intersexed

Question 45

Rashid feels that he was meant to be a woman,even though he is a man.He is contemplating surgery to alter his bodily appearance to that of a woman.Rashid might be suffering from a disorder known as ________.

A)feminine status disorder
B)male misidentity disorder
C)inverted sex role syndrome
D)gender dysphoria

Question 46

Traditional views of gender roles are more likely found in ________.

A)collectivist cultures
B)individualistic cultures
C)countries like the Netherlands,Germany,Italy,and England
D)none of these

Question 47

Social ________ theory emphasizes the role of cognition in motivation and the importance of expectations in shaping behavior.

A)acquisition
B)gender
C)learning
D)cognitive

Question 48

A person contemplating surgery to alter his or her bodily appearance to that of the opposite sex is thinking about becoming a(n)________.

A)homosexual
B)transvestite
C)transsexual
D)inverted sex role participant

Question 49

When men and women view erotic pictures,the ________ are more strongly activated in men than women.

A)visual cortex and thalamus
B)pons and hindbrain
C)amygdala and hypothalamus
D)hippocampus and cingulate gyrus

Question 50

Fifteen year old Latisha feels that she has been a "boy trapped in a girl's body" for as long as she can remember.She is learning about sexual reassignment surgery from her mother,who supports her daughter after taking her to a doctor who diagnosed her as having ________.

A)gender roles disorder
B)gender dysphoria
C)gender confusion disorder
D)gender denial disorder

Question 51

Which of the following is a valid concern with regard to treating boys and girls differently during their childhoods?

A)Adults may grow to have different expectations about the abilities of boys and girls,and thus treat them in ways that either encourage or discourage certain skills.
B)Adults may grow to love children more or less based on their gender-consistent behaviors.
C)Adults stressing independence may be less nurturing of girls than of boys,since they feel that girls naturally have better problem-solving abilities than boys.
D)Adults may force more encouragement and instruction in math and science on girls,since they believe that girls are naturally less capable in those subjects.

Question 52

Based on the studies of infant girls who were exposed to androgens before birth,which of the following statements is true?

A)In these studies,the girls were found to be more interested in "boy" toys during early childhood.
B)In these studies,the girls were found to prefer feminine activities during early childhood.
C)In these studies,the majority of the girls grew up to be lesbians.
D)In these studies,there were no noticeable effects due to these treatments.

Question 53

Countries like the Netherlands,Germany,Italy,and England are more likely to have ________.

A)nontraditional views of gender
B)a collectivist society
C)very constrained roles for women in society
D)a strong tradition of women staying home

Question 54

Maurice was born with an XY chromosome type,and he has the external genitalia of a male.He has,for the better part of his life,however,felt like he was supposed to be a woman.He has always identified more with feminine clothes,behaviors,and emotions.New surgical and medical techniques will now allow Maurice to take which of the following courses of action?

A)He will be able to alter his body to match his gender.
B)He will be able to alter his gender to match his body.
C)He will be able to make changes to his external appearance,even though his physical attributes will not change.
D)He will have only the option of taking hormone pills or injections,unless he wants to travel to Europe,which is the only continent where gender reassignment surgery is practiced.

Question 55

People with gender ________ feel that they were born into the body of the wrong sex and have a strong identification with the opposite gender.

A)development disorder
B)establishment errors
C)dysphoria
D)androgyny

Question 56

Based on the studies of girls who were exposed to androgens before birth,which of the following statements is true?

A)When these girls grew up,they became more typically "female" in their desire for marriage and motherhood.
B)The girls were found to prefer feminine activities during early childhood.
C)The majority of the girls grew up to be lesbians.
D)There were no noticeable effects of the androgen exposure.

Question 57

When children observe their same-sex parents behaving in certain ways and imitate that behavior,a psychologist uses which theory to explain the situation?

A)Freudian psychoanalysis
B)Piaget's theory of development
C)gender schema theory
D)social learning theory

Question 58

Studies of genetically male children who were surgically altered to appear as females found that ________.

A)almost all of them were happy that they were raised as females
B)they preferred to play with feminine toys such as dolls
C)half acted more like boys and half acted more like girls
D)they preferred male play activities

Question 59

The enhanced brain response of men to erotic images may be due to ________.

A)the early male's need to identify sexually receptive females
B)the large occipital lobes of the male brain
C)males' socialization to be sexually aggressive
D)females having developed a learned stimulus for sexual arousal

Question 60

One of these things is not like the others.Can you figure out which one?

A)gender identity disorder
B)winkte
C)homosexual
D)transsexual

Question 61

Which characteristic is NOT usually considered part of the male gender stereotype?

A)aggressive
B)logical
C)decisive
D)emotional

Question 62

The tendency of children to develop a mental pattern for being male or female in much the same way they develop other concepts,such as "dog," "bird," and "big," can best be explained by ________.

A)Freudian psychoanalysis
B)Piaget's theory of development
C)gender schema theory
D)social learning theory

Question 63

The acceptance of positive stereotypes regarding gender can lead to ________.

A)proactive prejudice
B)neutral sexism
C)benevolent sexism
D)genderism

Question 64

Sue sees her mother knitting a sweater.Later,Sue takes out a ball of yarn and some knitting needles from her mother's supplies and tries to do the same.This is a good example of the ________ of gender development.

A)gender schema theory
B)gender role theory
C)psychoanalytic theory
D)social learning theory

Question 65

Which characteristic is NOT usually considered part of the female gender stereotype?

A)nurturing
B)logical
C)sensitive
D)emotional

Question 66

Some people are very quick to come to the aid of a woman because she is perceived as being helpless,weak,and unable to provide for herself.These same individuals may be quite a bit less likely to come to the assistance of a man in the same situation.Though these people may have noble intentions,this is still an example of ________ sexism.

A)backhanded
B)chivalrous
C)benevolent
D)paradoxical

Question 67

At a recent viewing of the latest Hollywood blockbuster,LaToya and Ronald shared an awkward moment.LaToya,deeply moved by the story line,began to cry during the movie,while Ronald sat twiddling his thumbs wondering when the movie would finally be over.Afterward,while they were discussing their different reactions,Ronald said,"Well,girls always cry at sappy movies.That's why guys really hate those kinds of shows." Ronald is demonstrating that he holds very deep gender ________.

A)stereotypes
B)roles
C)mores
D)schemas

Question 68

Sam is a father of two children and has a career as a professor at a university.He is nurturing and sensitive to his children's needs,able to express emotions outwardly,independent and assertive,and thinks problems through calmly and logically.Sam is a good example of a person who is ________.

A)masculine
B)feminine
C)transsexual
D)androgynous

Question 69

"Children observe the world around them and develop mental concepts to represent the concepts of male and female.They then develop a concept of their own gender,and adjust their behaviors to be consistent with that concept." This statement is the foundation of ________ theory.

A)gender schema
B)gender role
C)social learning
D)social gender

Question 70

Consider the following three circumstances: (1)Raul is walking toward a business office,and when he gets there he opens the door for a woman and allows her to walk through ahead of himself.(2)Raul is walking toward a business office,and when he gets there he opens the door for a man and a woman who are also approaching,and allows both of them to walk through ahead of himself.(3)Raul is walking toward a business office,and when he gets there he opens the door for a woman and allows her to walk through ahead of himself,but then he walks through without holding the door for the man with whom the woman was having a conversation.In which of the above circumstances has Raul demonstrated the greatest example of benevolent sexism?

A)circumstances #1 and #2 only
B)circumstance #1
C)circumstance #2
D)circumstance #3

Question 71

The term benevolent sexism was proposed by ________.

A)Maccoby
B)Masters and Johnson
C)Glick and Fiske
D)Ford and Glock

Question 72

Shaquilla says that all men are insensitive and unemotional.She is probably expressing a ________.

A)gender stereotype
B)sex role
C)gender role
D)sexual orientation

Question 73

Researchers have found that when traditional males,traditional females,and androgynous people are compared in terms of their degree of depression,androgynous people are usually ________.

A)less depressed
B)equally depressed
C)more depressed
D)unfulfilled

Question 74

Rashid and Tawana are watching the classic TV show Leave It to Beaver.After watching the show,they decide to play.Rashid says he will be Ward Cleaver and Tawana should play June Cleaver.This play situation would be best explained by ________.

A)Freudian psychoanalysis
B)Piaget's theory of development
C)gender schema theory
D)social learning theory

Question 75

A gender ________ refers to a widely held belief about a person or group of people that is based solely on gender.

A)stereotype
B)role
C)norm
D)schema

Question 76

Desperate for help with her computer,Dana calls her fiancé,thinking that he will know what to do because he is a man,and men are natural fixers.Dana's thinking in this instance is an example of ________.

A)androgyny
B)schema error
C)benevolent sexism
D)negative stereotyping

Question 77

A ________ is a concept about males or females that assigns various characteristics to them on the basis of nothing more than being male or female.

A)gender stereotype
B)sex role
C)gender role
D)sexual orientation

Question 78

Psychologist Sandra Bem developed the concept of ________.

A)androgyny
B)benevolent sexism
C)social learning theory
D)ambiguity

Question 79

Gender schema theory is based on ________.

A)Freudian psychoanalysis
B)Piaget's theory of development
C)biological inheritance theory
D)social learning theory

Question 80

Marquis is 4 years old,and as one might expect he pays very careful attention to his father.He imitates many of his father's actions,copies his behaviors,and responds appropriately to rewards and punishments for his own behaviors.Marquis is learning many aspects of gender through the ________ theory.

A)social learning
B)gender schema
C)cognitive acquisitive
D)behavioral