Deck 15: D: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university.She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behaviour.What area of psychology should she focus on in school?

A)Psychobiology
B)Developmental psychology
C)Psychopathology
D)Health psychology

Answer 1

Psychopathology

Question 2

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behaviour?

A)Behaviour that does not create distress
B)Behaviour that is consistent with societal norms
C)Behaviour that is rare
D)Behaviour that is adaptive

Answer 2

Behaviour that is rare

Question 3

Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal?

A)Societal disapproval
B)Impairment
C)Subjective distress
D)Statistical rarity

Answer 3

Statistical rarity

Question 4

What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behaviour?

A)Psychobiology
B)Developmental psychology
C)Psychopathology
D)Health psychology

Question 5

According to your text,___________________ is characteristic of almost all mental disorders.

A)biologically-based triggering
B)a failure in successful treatment
C)an environmentally learned response
D)a failure of adaptation to the environment

Question 6

Insane asylums were often considered synonymous with ______________ due to some of their questionable treatment methods.

A)witch burning
B)exorcists
C)snake pits
D)placebos

Question 7

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behaviour that creates a great deal of emotional distress or

A)biological dysfunction.
B)social context.
C)subjective distress.
D)statistical rarity.

Question 8

Bloodletting was a treatment associated with which model of mental illness?

A)Demonic model
B)Medical model
C)Societal model
D)Biological model

Question 9

In ancient times,signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by

A)imbalance of neurotransmitters.
B)social forces.
C)demons.
D)improper diet.

Question 10

The failure analysis approach to understanding mental disorders involves

A)evaluation of failures in treatments for mental illness in relation to its causes.
B)examining breakdowns in adaptation to understand healthy functioning.
C)a focus on early identification of people that have an increased susceptibility to develop mental disorders.
D)a recognition that mental disorders can be adaptive and treatment should only be applied when behaviours become disruptive.

Question 11

Any behaviour that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered

A)qualitatively rare.
B)socially disapproved of.
C)impairing and maladaptive.
D)statistically rare.

Question 12

Kathleen has been labelled as crazy and has been subjected to "treatments" such as bloodletting.Based on this approach to treatment of mental disorders,she lived in a time period when the __________ model of mental illness was endorsed.

A)social
B)demonic
C)medical
D)spiritual

Question 13

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety.Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks,she does not leave her house.This makes her feel trapped in her home,which creates distress.Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A)Biological dysfunction
B)Social context
C)Subjective distress
D)Statistical rarity

Question 14

Kathleen has been labelled as crazy and has been subjected to "treatments" such as an exorcism and the "dunking test." Based on this approach to treatment of mental disorders,she lived in a time period when the __________ model of mental illness was endorsed.

A)social
B)demonic
C)medical
D)spiritual

Question 15

The development of modern psychiatric treatments,such as medications like Thorazine,was associated with

A)the hospitalization and humane treatment of mental patients rather than imprisonment.
B)a movement toward deinstitutionalization which released patients and closed mental hospitals.
C)a push toward moral treatment of mental patients and the provision of better care in asylums.
D)the closure of community mental health centres and halfway houses as disorders were treated with medication.

Question 16

The ______________model is to evil spirits as the _____________ model is to physical disorder.

A)demonic;medical
B)medical;demonic
C)institutional;asylum
D)asylum;institutional

Question 17

Suppose you are a psychologist who is evaluating the behaviour of a new client.The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time.In addition,he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal.Which of the following is not a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behaviour as abnormal?

A)Biological dysfunction
B)Impairment
C)Subjective distress
D)Statistical rarity

Question 18

The perspective that mental disorders don't all have one thing in common,but rather share a loose set of features is called the ___________________.

A)failure analysis approach
B)family resemblance view
C)medical model
D)multimodal approach

Question 19

Which of the following is a criterion for defining mental disorders?

A)Environmental dysfunction
B)Societal approval
C)Bizarre behaviour
D)Statistical rarity

Question 20

Dave,a graduate student,has difficulty talking to groups.Unfortunately,he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people.The night before a presentation he tosses and turns,and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse.When he makes a presentation,he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words.As a result,he feels worthless and miserable.Which two criteria of abnormal behaviour are most useful in analyzing this case?

A)Inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B)Statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
C)Subjective discomfort and impairment in normal functioning
D)Deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

Question 21

A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that

A)all disorders are found throughout all cultures of the world.
B)most psychiatric disorders are unique to specific cultures and relatively unknown in others.
C)many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures.
D)psychiatric disorders found in North America and Europe are often unknown in many African and Asian cultures.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a criterion for determining whether a psychiatric diagnosis is valid?

A)It distinguishes that diagnosis from other,similar diagnoses.
B)It predicts an individual's performance on laboratory tests.
C)It relies on self-reported behaviours and not observations.
D)It predicts an individual's response to treatment.

Question 23

Dr.Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client.Dr.Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A)Textbook of Mental Illness
B)Textbook of Psychological Disorders
C)Physician's Reference Checklist
D)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 24

In a condition called _______,Indian residents report episodes of inappropriate laughing or crying,fainting,memory loss,and the sensation of being bitten by ants.

A)windigo
B)saora disorder
C)Arctic hysteria
D)mal de ojo

Question 25

What is the name of the culture-bound syndrome that results from a perceived insult and is followed by a period of brooding and then a violent outburst during which the person may attack others and not remember doing so?

A)Amok
B)Ghost sickness
C)Susto
D)Kyofu

Question 26

What is the term that the Inuit use to describe someone who has characteristics similar to the Western concept of a psychopathic personality?

A)Kunlangeta
B)Apotemnophilia
C)Windigo
D)Amok

Question 27

Some residents in Latin America refer to ________ as the cause of disease,misfortune,and social disruption.

A)windigo
B)gururumba
C)saora disorder
D)mal de ojo

Question 28

_______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A)The Textbook of Mental Illness
B)The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
C)The Physician's Reference Checklist
D)The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 29

Labelling theorists argue that diagnoses lead others to treat us as weird or crazy,thus leading us to behave accordingly.As a result,the diagnosis becomes a(n)

A)illusory correlation.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)demonstration of hindsight bias.
D)framework for treatment.

Question 30

____________ is a culture-bound disorder,whereas ___________ is a disorder that has cultural universality.

A)Kunlangeta;bulimia nervosa
B)Mal de ojo;apotemnophilia
C)Anorexia nervosa;psychopathy
D)Schizophrenia;windigo

Question 31

______________ refers to a disorder where individuals primarily in Canada,the United States,or Europe experience persistent desires to undergo operations to amputate their limbs or body parts.

A)Arctic hysteria
B)Windigo
C)Couvade syndrome
D)Apotemnophilia

Question 32

Throughout his wife's pregnancy,Josh has experienced food cravings,nausea,and weight gain,including a "baby belly" and "man boobs." Prior to his wife going into labour,he even experienced labour pains.Josh suffers from what culture-bound syndrome?

A)Saora disorder
B)Gururumba
C)Couvade syndrome
D)Apotemnophilia

Question 33

In a condition called _______,some residents in New Guinea report episodes where they steal and later deposit their neighbours' possessions in the forest,but remember nothing of the entire episode.

A)windigo
B)Arctic hysteria
C)gururumba
D)mal de ojo

Question 34

Which of the following is a diagnosis rather than a label?

A)Schizophrenia
B)Drapetomania
C)Road rage disorder
D)Codependency

Question 35

______________ are concerned with the possibility that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviour,and can lead them to act differently and be treated differently by others.

A)Psychoanalysts
B)Humanists
C)Behaviourists
D)Labelling theorists

Question 36

The disorder or culture-bound syndrome in which men fear that their penis is shrinking is primarily found in which country?

A)China
B)Sri Lanka
C)Malaysia
D)Subarctic Canada

Question 37

In a condition called _______,some First Nations residents in Central Canada report a morbid fear of becoming a cannibal.

A)windigo
B)latah
C)brain fog
D)mal de ojo

Question 38

In a condition called _______,Inuit persons may experience abrupt episodes accompanied by extreme excitement and then followed by convulsive seizures.

A)windigo
B)gururumba
C)Arctic hysteria
D)mal de ojo

Question 39

In a condition called _______,some Malaysian residents report episodes of intense sadness and brooding,followed by uncontrolled behaviour and unprovoked attacks on people or animals.

A)windigo
B)amok
C)ataque de nervios
D)mal de ojo

Question 40

Some parts of Malaysia and several other Asian countries have witnessed periodic outbreaks of a strange condition known as _______ .The victims,most of whom are male,typically believe that their penis and testicles are disappearing and receding into their abdomen.

A)windigo
B)hwa-byung
C)koro
D)mal de ojo

Question 41

New to the DSM-5 is the ______________ disorder

A)somatic symptom
B)hypocondriasis
C)panic
D)pre-anxiety

Question 42

Although most individuals with mental disorders are not at an increased risk for violence,a subset of those with _______________ or _______________ may be more likely to act violently.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder;schizophrenia
B)substance abuse disorders;beliefs of persecution
C)mood disorders;anxiety disorders
D)personality disorders;sleep disorders

Question 43

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to

A)help psychologists assess only normal behaviour.
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C)describe the causes of common physiological disorders.
D)help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

Question 44

Which model of abnormality holds that physical,mental,and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders?

A)Biological
B)Psychological
C)Social and cultural
D)Biopsychosocial

Question 45

The erroneous belief that many criminals are acquitted on the basis of the insanity verdict is most likely due to

A)the confirmation bias.
B)logical fallacies.
C)representativeness heuristic.
D)the availability heuristic.

Question 46

The DSM-5 has been criticized on the basis of all of the following points except that

A)not all diagnoses meet the criteria for diagnostic validity (e.g. ,Mathematics Disorder).
B)the DSM-5 exclusively relies on a dimensional model of understanding disorders.
C)there is a high level of comorbidity among many of its diagnoses.
D)the DSM-5 is vulnerable to political and social influences.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?

A)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.
B)It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
C)It lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
D)It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.

Question 48

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of

A)dissociative disorders.
B)anxiety disorders.
C)personality disorders.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 49

__________ refers to the overlap between diagnoses,where individuals with one diagnosis also may meet the criteria for one or more other diagnoses.

A)Labelling
B)Pathologizing
C)Exclusivity
D)Comorbidity

Question 50

The prevalence of a disorder refers to

A)the percentage of persons who exhibit the symptoms of a particular disorder.
B)its accuracy or correctness as a diagnosis of a real mental illness.
C)the agreement among professional about a diagnosis for a specific patient or client.
D)the popularity of a diagnosis among different types of mental health professionals.

Question 51

The most prevalent of all mental disorders is/are

A)dissociative disorders.
B)anxiety disorders.
C)personality disorders.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 52

Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders.If you were a student in that class,what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders?

A)Dissociative disorders
B)Anxiety disorders
C)Personality disorders
D)Schizophrenia

Question 53

The likelihood of experiencing an anxiety disorder at some point in your lifetime is roughly

A)55 percent.
B)48 percent.
C)37 percent.
D)31 percent.

Question 54

Which of the following is untrue concerning involuntary commitment of a person with a mental illness?

A)They can be committed against their will if they pose a clear and present threat to themselves or others.
B)They can be committed against their will if they are so psychologically impaired that they can't care for themselves.
C)Psychiatrists or physicians place an emergency "hold" on the patient or it is ordered by a judge.
D)Involuntary commitment decisions are determined by a psychologist rather than a judge.

Question 55

The average age of onset for anxiety disorders is

A)11 years
B)15 years
C)22 years
D)31 years

Question 56

The idea that a person may be determined to be sane or insane is an issue that is most relevant to

A)medicine and psychiatry.
B)all mental health professionals.
C)the legal system.
D)psychiatrists,psychologists,and trial judges.

Question 57

Which of the following is true regarding the insanity defence?

A)A large proportion of criminals escape criminal responsibility by using the insanity defence.
B)Most people who use the insanity defence are faking mental illness.
C)The determination of insanity rests on a the person's mental state at the time of the crime.
D)Insanity is a psychological or psychiatric term.

Question 58

One of the main differences between the DSM-5 and previous versions is

A)that the DSM-IV was dimensional and the DSM-5 is categorical.
B)that DSM-5 allows individuals to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder due to the loss of a loved one.
C)that the DSM-5 includes non-mental,medical diagnoses and the DSM-IV did not.
D)There are no significant differences between DSM-IV and DSM-5

Question 59

The legal system is to _____________ as scientific psychology is to _____________.

A)determinism;free will
B)free will;determinism
C)psychoanalysis;behaviourism
D)behaviourism;psychoanalysis

Question 60

The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 is based on a ________ approach.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)social and cultural
D)biopsychosocial

Question 61

Illness anxiety disorder is to ____________ disorders as obsessive-compulsive disorder is to ___________ disorders.

A)anxiety;personality
B)somatic symptom;anxiety
C)personality;mood
D)factitious;somatoform

Question 62

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when,without warning,her heart begins racing rapidly,she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing,rapid breathing,and sweating.She thinks she is having a heart attack.Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode.Her symptoms most resemble

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)those of a panic attack.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 63

Which type of anxiety disorder is the most common?

A)Panic disorder
B)Phobias
C)Posttraumatic stress disorder
D)Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 64

What percentage of college and university students report at least one panic attack within a one-year period?

A)5 to 10 percent
B)15 to 20 percent
C)20 to 25 percent
D)35 to 40 percent

Question 65

Shelby is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control.She often experiences disturbances in sleep and often feels tense,even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety.If you were a clinical psychologist,you would be trying to determine if Shelby meets the criteria for

A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 66

Which type of phobia is the most debilitating of all phobias?

A)Social anxiety disorders
B)Arachnophobia
C)Agoraphobia
D)Hydrophobia

Question 67

Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?

A)Dissociative disorder
B)Somatic symptom disorder
C)Personality disorder
D)Schizophrenia

Question 68

Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart,rapid breathing,and sweating?

A)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Generalized anxiety disorder
C)Panic attack
D)Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 69

Demetri is walking down the street and suddenly experiences a bout of intense fear,sweating,dizziness,shortness of breath,and a pounding heart.He goes to the emergency room and is told that his symptoms were "all in his head".This is the seventh time that Demetri has experienced these unexpected symptoms within the past few months.Based on what you know about psychological disorders,Demetri most likely would be diagnosed with

A)panic disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 70

In the past six months Shelly has visited her physician ten times to complain of numerous physical symptoms.The physician has been unable to find a physical cause for her symptoms.What category of psychological disorders is the physician likely to suspect Shelly exhibits?

A)Dissociative disorder
B)Somatic symptom disorder
C)Personality disorder
D)Schizophrenia

Question 71

Leo worries all of the time.He worries about his money,his children,and his dog.His muscles are always tense and sore;he has trouble sleeping,is often irritable,and has difficulty concentrating.Leo's symptoms sound most like

A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 72

An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic attacks that affect the person's ability to function in day-to-day living is called

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 73

Some scholars believe that ________________ may be the core anxiety disorder out of which all other anxiety disorders develop.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)posttraumatic stress disorder
C)panic disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 74

A disorder in which excessive anxiety and worry occur more days than not for at least six months is called

A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 75

The symptoms of ________ are often mistaken for those of a heart attack.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)a panic attack
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 76

Davis has such an intense,irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town.Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)a phobia.

Question 77

A person who is preoccupied with every sensation of her body,worries excessively about getting ill,and continuously goes to doctors who never find anything physically wrong with her is likely to be diagnosed with

A)somatoform disorder.
B)illness anxiety disorder.
C)personality disorder.
D)conversion disorder.

Question 78

Generalized anxiety disorder would be more likely to occur in which of the following persons?

A)A divorced 60-year-old Hispanic man
B)A widowed low-income Caucasian female
C)A married poor Asian couple
D)A 19-year-old African-Canadian woman

Question 79

Shantae constantly complains of physical symptoms such as nausea and trouble catching her breath.After finding no medical explanation for her symptoms,a physician suspects Shantae suffers from

A)dissociative disorder.
B)illness anxiety disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)somatization disorder.

Question 80

When Bob noticed a pain in his thigh,he was convinced it was a sign of bone cancer.Although X-rays revealed no sign of cancer,Bob sought the opinions of a dozen other physicians who agreed with the original opinion.What psychological disorder might Bob's behaviour indicate?

A)Dissociative disorder
B)Illness anxiety disorder
C)Conversion disorder
D)Schizophrenia