Deck 9: the History of Health Care

Question 1

Which of the following describes the contributions made by Florence Nightingale?

A)She discovered that Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria carried by ticks.
B)She was a public health nurse whose efforts to bring nursing care into the homes of the poor led to the visiting nurse services we know today.
C)She attracted well-educated,dedicated women into nursing and made nursing a respectable profession.
D)She was a volunteer nurse in the American Civil War and assisted in the organization of military hospitals in Europe.
E)None of the above

Answer 1

She attracted well-educated,dedicated women into nursing and made nursing a respectable profession.

Question 2

Who discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis?

A)Francis Crick
B)Jonas Salk
C)Sir Alexander Fleming
D)Ben Carson
E)None of the above

Answer 2

Jonas Salk

Question 3

For a period of 1,000 years during the Dark Ages and the Middle Ages,medicine was practiced only in convents and monasteries because the Church believed that life and death were in God's hands.Monks and priests had no interest in how the body functioned and the primary treatment was prayer.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The first people to organize medical care were the:

A)Egyptians.
B)Greeks.
C)Romans.
D)Chinese.
E)Italians.

Question 5

Which of the following used by primitive people as medicines are still in use today?

A)Digitalis,belladonna,and atropine
B)Poliomyelitis,Herpes zoster,and hashish
C)Sunflower seeds,ether,and chloroform
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 6

Possible advancements in medicine for the twenty-first century include:

A)improving treatments for arthritis and the common cold.
B)finding a cure for AIDS.
C)isolating the gene that causes depression.
D)using electronics to allow disabled persons to walk.
E)All of the above

Question 7

Who studied the parts of the mind and laid the foundation for what we know today about mental health and the study of psychology and psychiatry?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Jonas Salk
C)Christian Barnard
D)Paul Ehrlich
E)None of the above

Question 8

The father of medicine,Hippocrates,based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology on research conducted through the dissection of human bodies.He kept careful notes of the signs and symptoms of many diseases.

Question 9

Ethical questions resulting from medical advancements include whether terminally ill patients have the right to euthanasia and how the creation of in vitro embryos will be ethically managed.

Question 10

The Egyptians' use of bloodletting via leeches is still in use today as a treatment to help heal skin grafts and restore blood circulation.

Question 11

Which of the following are trends or advancements in twenty-first century health care?

A)The term healthy now refers to a person's emotional,social,mental,and spiritual wellness as well as his or her physical health.
B)Many patients enter the hospital,have surgery,and are sent home the same day.
C)The medical community has become more open to alternative and complementary methods.
D)Severed body parts can be reattached,and abnormalities can be repaired in an unborn fetus.
E)All of the above

Question 12

The development of the printing press and the publication of books,which allowed greater access to knowledge from research,occurred during which period?

A)The Middle Ages
B)Renaissance
C)Seventeenth Century
D)Nineteenth century
E)None of the above

Question 13

After World War II,new types of medical equipment and diagnostic and therapeutic treatments led to the emergence of the allied health professions which now compose about 60 percent of all health care workers.

Question 14

Early human beings believed that illness and diseases were caused by:

A)exorcists.
B)microorganisms and viruses.
C)pathogens.
D)supernatural spirits.
E)All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of medical progress that occurred during the Renaissance period?

A)Building of universities and medical schools for research
B)The unquestioning acceptance of disease as the will of God
C)Avoiding dissection of the body based on religious principles
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following are discoveries that were made in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

A)Joseph Lister was the first to use an antiseptic during surgery to kill germs.
B)Ernst von Bergmann developed aseptic technique.
C)Louis Pasteur proved that microorganisms cause disease.
D)Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays.
E)All of the above

Question 17

Clara Barton was the founder of modern nursing and the Red Cross.

Question 18

When starting a quality improvement project,what are the first two questions you should ask?

A)What are we trying to accomplish,and how will we know if we are successful?
B)How long will it take,and how much will it cost?
C)Is the improvement necessary,and who should manage the project?
D)What went wrong,and who is to blame?
E)None of the above

Question 19

Charles Alzheimer,who discovered the pathogen that causes the death of brain cells,developed the vaccination that prevents Alzheimer's disease and reverses its affect on the human body.

Question 20

Baseline data is:

A)an explanation for an observation that is based on scientific research and can be tested.
B)a set of measurements that quantify results.
C)information gathered after a change has occurred to examine the impact or results.
D)information gathered before a change begins to better understand the current situation.
E)None of the above

Question 21

Root cause is:

A)a method to increase adverse effects.
B)a technique that ensures a quick return to the hospital after discharge.
C)a microorganism that leads to disease.
D)a set of measurements that quantify results.
E)the factor that,when fixed,will solve a problem and prevent it from happening again.

Question 22

Continuous quality improvement is:

A)a method or technique that has consistently shown superior results through research and experience as compared with other methods and techniques.
B)the regular use of methods and tools to identify,prevent,and reduce the impact of process failures.
C)a standard by which something can be measured or compared.
D)an explanation for an observation that is based on scientific research and can be tested.
E)All of the above

Question 23

Adverse effects are:

A)a loss of feeling or sensation.
B)a sign or indication of something.
C)the factor that,when fixed,will solve a problem and prevent it from happening again.
D)unfavorable or harmful outcomes.
E)None of the above

Question 24

Seven Sigma,used successfully for many years in the manufacturing industry,is now helping health care organizations improve their existing processes and develop new processes to meet quality goals.

Question 25

Anatomy is the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts.